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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to quantify grades of obesity and their independent effects on perioperative adverse events in children having ambulatory minor non-airway surgery.Methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval, we selected every tenth child aged 2 to 16 years who was identified as having been a day case between January 2012 and December 2014. Weight groups were defined based on age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points. A sample size of 1102 was calculated to demonstrate a three-fold increase in the primary outcome measure, perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events, among obese children, with a power of 80% and an alpha error of 5%. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used to compare proportions, and independent sample ttests were used to compare means.Results: Severely obese children had a significantly higher incidence of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events when compared to normal-weight children despite no difference in respiratory and other comorbidity. Obese children had higher prevalence of overall medical comorbidities and obstructive sleep apnoea when compared to normal-weight children and there was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events and other outcome measures between obese and normal-weight children.Conclusions and recommendations: Severely obese children have a higher risk of perioperative respiratory-airway adverse events even during minor non-airway surgery despite absence of medical comorbidities. We recommend the use of age- and sex- specific BMI cutoffs or BMI percentile charts to identify children who are severely obese to anticipate and prevent major respiratory adverse events. more...

Unintended arterial cannulation and injection of drugs may result in ischaemia and tissue necrosis. Various methods used to differentiate accidental arterial from intravenous cannulation have their own shortcomings. Here we present the case of a 13-year-old girl having an elective procedure under general anaesthesia and the challenges faced in distinguishing suspected intra-arterial cannulation from what was indeed an intravenous cannulation. We recommend the use of an open-ended saline-filled ‘T’ connector–syringe system and pressure transduction as the methods of choice to identify and confirm, respectively, a suspected arterial cannulation during anaesthesia. more...