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Dogan, Hasan/0000-0002-5232-4336 WOS: 000373932400008 PubMed: 26866305 Aims: Nucleolar organizer regions, also known as argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions, are associated with ribosomal genes. The main function of the nucleolus is the rapid production of ribosomal subunits, a process that must be highly regulated to provide the appropriate levels for cellular proliferation and cell growth. There are no studies in the literature addressing the expression and function of nucleolar component proteins, including nucleophosmin, nucleolin and the upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF), in human follicular hair cells. Methods: Nineteen healthy males who had normal and sufficient hair follicles on the back of the head, but exhibited hair loss on the frontal/vertex portions of the head and 14 healthy males without hair loss were included in the current study. Gene expression levels were measured by relative quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In the individuals suffering from alopecia, the total expression levels of nucleolin, nucleophosmin, and UBTF were lower in normal sites than in hair loss sites. Strong expression level correlations were detected between: nucleophosmin and nucleolin; nucleophosmin and UBTF, and nucleolin and UBTF for both groups. Conclusions: There was an association between human hair loss and the expression levels of nucleolin, nucleophosmin, and UBTF genes. Ataturk UniversityAtaturk University [2013/17] This work was supported by the research grants from Ataturk University (Project No. 2013/17).

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is an acquired dermatosis characterized by ash gray (ashy dermatosis) or blue macules. It can appear at any ageo but is more common in young adults. Lesions may occur on the neck, chest arms and face, but most frequently on the back. It does not generally lead to subjective complaints, but may rarely cause itching. Diagnosis is made with clinical findings and can be corroborated by histopathological examination. This report describes the case of a 15-year-old female patient diagnosed with EDP and is intended to emphasize the need to include the condition at differential diagnosis.

Pigmentation disorders are a group of diseases caused by changes in the levels of the pigment melanin produced by melanocytes, the cells that manufacture pigment in the skin, or due to the accumulation of other pigments in the skin. These can be examined under the headings hypo-, hyper- and depigmentation. This review describes pigment disorders in the light of the current literature.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a relatively common inherited disease. The condition may involve frequently difficult to manage benign and malignant tumors in affected patients and can also affect tissues such as bone and skin. Symptoms include large numbers of cafe-au-lait macules, tumoral lesions known as neurofibromas, and scoliosis in the spinal cord. Tumors may also be seen in the brain, the cranial nerves or the spinal cord. This study discusses type 1 neurofibromatosis in the light of the current literature.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease principally characterized by the triad of mental retardation, adenoma sebaceum and epilepsy. It may affect all organs, but most commonly the skin, brain, heart, eyes and kidneys. The earliest finding, and the most common in the skin, consists of hypopigmented macules (ash leaf). In addition, numerous small hypopigmented macules (confetti-like macules) occur in the pretibial region. Shagreen patches, a form of collagenoma, may be seen in the lumbosacral region in half of patients. Skin findings also include angiofibromas, known as adenoma sebaceum, in the face and Koenen’s tumor. Other skin lesions include cafe-au-lait spots and molloscum fibrosum pendulum resembling acrochordon. We describe the skin findings in particular of tuberous sclerosis complex in the light of the current literature.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a rarely diagnosed condition characterized by a combination of two or more organ-specific autoimmune diseases and divided into a very rare juvenile (APS type I) and a relatively common adult type (APS II-IV). The major components of APS-I are hypoparathyroidism, adrenal failure, and mucocutaneous candidiasis. In addition to the classic triad, many other autoimmune diseases could be associated with the syndrome. We report an adolescent patient with psoriasis vulgaris and APS-I.

Even today, when reaching hospitals and specialists is relatively very easy, it is observed that traditional methods are still in use. One of these methods is drawing a line over a dermatosis with a pen, called fixed pen. This method is especially used for superficial fungal infections, and it is believed that this treatment prevents the infection from spreading. Its use is especially prominent for tinea corporis in superficial fungal infections. Fungal infections seen anywhere on the body except hairy skin, beard, hands and feet are called tinea corporis or "ringworm". The tinea corporis is diagnosed by the KOH examination of the material picked up from the periphery of the clinical and active lesion. The treatment usually consists of topical antifungal creams, and rarely requires systemic treatment. The patient with tinea corporis was presented in this study to draw attention to traditional methods

Herpes gladiatorum, is a skin infection caused by the Herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is generally seen in contact athletes such as wrestlers. Direct contact with the lesion may cause widespread herpetic lesions. These are mostly observed in the head-neck and upper extremities. The skin lesions may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, headaches, throat aches and lymphadenopathies. The diagnosis is generally based on presentation and the clinical basis. This article presents herpes gladiatorum, which is a form of herpes infection that occurs on close contact, which is identified in a patient who is a wrestler, along with the relevant literature.

A 62-year-old male farmer presented to our clinic with eruption and mild itching on the right hand. He stated that this eruption had begun 15 days previously and that he had presented to the local general practitioner. Dermatological examination revealed a lesion containing maculopapules approximately 6x7 cm in size on the dorsum of the right hand with mild margin activation and a very few occasional red squamae. Dermatophyte infection was primarily suspected. We learned from anamnesis that the drug previously administered was clobetasol dipropionate, raising the possibility of tinea incognito (TI). Native preparate was performed from the squamae on the lesion. Fungal hyphae were observed at microscopic examination. In describing this case diagnosed as TI, we wish to emphasize that specimens should be taken for microscopic examination with KOH in patients with a similar clinical appearance at differential diagnosis, and that treatment should be administered accordingly.

A 20-year-old man presented to our clinic with progressive and asymptomatic mottled hyperpigmentation involving almost the whole of his body, which had been present since he was 8 years of age. The first lesions had appeared on the trunk and hyperpigmentation had extended gradually over the years to involve the neck, face and limbs. He had also noticed spotty hypopigmentation among the hyperpigmented macules.