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Feminist theorists maintain patriarchy as the root cause of women's subordination. This study examines the convergence of private and public patriarchy in Punjab, Pakistan, with reference to challenges of safe spaces and places confronted by women claimants of inheritance. The study used qualitative methodologies to conduct forty semi-structured interviews of Muslim women inheritors from two cities in Punjab. Patriarchal theory guided the thematic data analysis of the study. The data showed that private patriarchy limits women's choices. The limited mobility, emotional blackmail from family, and control over citizenship documents cause women to surrender inheritance rights. Participants who overcame familial patriarchy and sought state support faced institutionalized patriarchy. These spaces were found to be patriarchal, both in a structural and infrastructural sense, making women often feel alienated. The study found that women claimants had few options despite legal protections. Pakistan's bureaucratic strongholds need safe spaces for women to exercise their fundamental rights, such as familial inheritance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses Rebecca Elliot's theory of Sociology of loss to examine the challenges faced by the young female live-in domestic workers in Pakistani homes. A substantial number of children, including majority of girls, are hired to do domestic work despite being against the law. Qualitative research was carried out to investigate the Elliot's framework comprises four interrelated dimensions of loss: the materiality of loss; politics of loss; knowledge of loss; and practices of loss. Data was collected from 21 young girls over in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. The data were analyzed through the thematic analysis technique. The results show that participants experienced a range of losses with multiple emotional, social, and physical implications for the study participants. Our study highlights the underrepresented voices of marginalized young girls and advances scholarly discussions on the many facets of loss, social inequality, gender, and child labor. This paper provides both theoretical & practical understanding & contribute to understanding and policy development for Sustainable Development Goal 8.7, which aims to end child labor in all of its forms, & actively works to attain SDGs related to education and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]