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A Nested complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was proposed based on planar structure. The main objective of this work is to get a higher quality factor (Q-factor) with minimal error detection of complex permittivity. The sensor operated at the 3.37GHz resonant frequency and simulated by ANSYS HFSS software. Subsequently, the designed sensor has been fabricated and tested with the presence of several material under test (MUTs) placed over the sensor. The result achieved high unloaded Q-factor, 464. There has been proof of good agreement concerning the results between theoretical, simulation, and measured parameters of error detection, which is below 13.2% real part permittivity and 2.3% the loss tangent. The proposed sensor is practically useful for the food industry, bio-sensing, and pharmacy industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave sensor is used in various industrial applications and requires highly accurate measurements for material properties. Conventionally, cavity waveguide perturbation, free-space transmission, open-ended coaxial probe, and planar transmission line technique have been used for characterizing materials. However, these planar transmission lines are often large and expensive to build, further restricting their use in many important applications. Thus, this technique is cost effective, easy to manufacture and due to its compact size, it has the potential to produce sensitivity and a high Q-factor for various materials. This paper reviews the common characteristics of planar transmission line and discusses numerous studies about several designs of the microstrip resonator to improve the sensor performance in terms of the sensitivity and accuracy. This technique enables its use for several industrial applications such as agriculture and quality control. It is believed that previous studies would lead to a promising solution of characterizing materials with high sensitivity, particularly in determining a high Qfactor resonator sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation on characterization of variety types of piezoelectric profile for a sound wave energy harvester system design. Energy harvesting systems based on the convention of environmental acoustic vibrations into electrical energy are increasingly being used for low voltage applications due to the reduction in power consumption of modern day systems. The varieties of piezoelectric transducer structures are targeted to resonate at the ambient frequency which is below 1 kHz. The experimented sound level of the piezoelectric is at the range of 35-100 dB. It is comparable with ambience environmental human sound of level 50-100 dB. It is found that the QB 220-A4-503YB type - has shown a better performance of output power and sound level value. An energy harvester of piezoelectric transducer accomplished constant stage with the maximum amplitude at sound level of 96 dB. The measured results of piezoelectric strip with and without connected to external harvesting circuit devices have attained a good agreement within the frequency of interest. The piezoelectric transducer accomplished maximum power response performance at the 96 dB and 33.133 dB (uW). The results show that the customs size of piezoelectric will affects the efficiencies of the transducers to harvest energy. The large size piezoelectric transducer is able to convert a higher mechanical energy from sound wave into electrical energy. The proposed sound energy harvester can be used to replace the existing battery as a power source in wireless sensor network system as they offer better performance at lower cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the characteristic of piezoelectric for sound wave energy harvester. The sound level on piezoelectric is experimented at range of 35-100 dB. This range is comparable with ambience environmental human sound of level 50-100 dB. Piezoelectric type Q220-A4-503YB has been used as energy transducer. This type of piezoelectric has achieved a better performance in term of output power or voltage. The output of piezoelectric transducer is connected to 3 difference types of harnessing circuitry; Villard voltage multiplier, Dickson voltage multiplier and full-wave rectifier. The measured results of piezoelectric transducer with and without connected to external circuitry devices have attained a good agreement with expected theory within the frequency of interest. The piezoelectric transducer accomplished maximum power response of performance 33.133 dBuW at sound level of 96 dB. The Villard and Dickson voltage multipliers produced output voltage greater than full wave bridges which are 9.817 V, 9.593 V and 3.504 V respectively at 96 dB sound intensity level. The results show that the piezoelectric transducer connected to Villard voltage multiplier produced the best performance. The proposed sound wave energy harvester offer a better performance and able to replace the problematic battery in wireless signal network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]