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Background: Nutrition-related factors have been of great interest as one of risk factors of biliary stones. This study evaluated the association of dietary patterns with biliary stone among Iranians. Methods: This is a hospital-based case-control study, which was conducted in a general hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 110 patients with gallstone or common bile duct (CBD) stone confirmed by Ultrasonography within the last 6 months before collecting data were recruited. Controls were age-matched patients admitted to the other wards of the same hospital for a broad spectrum of disorders including traumas and orthopedic conditions, or elective surgeries, or throat/ear/nose disease and had no gallbladder disorders, participated in this study. We used a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes of participants. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis. Results: By design, age was similar in both groups (57.66 ± 16.39 years vs. 56.00 ± 10.64 years in cases and controls, respectively). Two dietary patterns were extracted; "Unhealthy" (high consumption of artificial juice, processed meats, refined grains, sweets and desserts, pickles, snacks, and red meats), and "Healthy" (high consumption of vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, fish, legumes, and nuts, as well as low consumption of hydrogenated fats and salt). Participants in the highest tertile of "Healthy" dietary pattern were significantly less likely to have the gallstones disease (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.120.89) compared to the reference group (low tertile of "Healthy" dietary pattern) (P = 0.02). Conclusions: High consumption of vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, fish, legumes, and nuts, as well as low consumption of hydrogenated fats and salt in context of healthy dietary pattern are inversely associated with risk of gallstones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Inconsistent results regarding the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and brain disorders have been reported. We performed this study to investigate the association between BMI and risk of Parkinson, Alzheimer, Dementia and Dementia-mortality. Methods: A systematic search was conducted up to April 2019 in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library. Results pooled with random-effects model. Results: Totally, 29 articles which were included in this study with4,978,621 participants. The pooled HR for Parkinson's in the underweight person was 1.20 (95%CI1.10–1.30). The pooled HR for dementia in underweight and overweight category was 1.23 (95%CI = 1.05–1.45) and 0.88 (95%CI = 0.83–0.94), respectively. There is not any significant relation between each categories of BMI and Alzheimer disease. The pooled HR for dementia in underweight and overweight category was 1.36 (95%CI = 1.14–1.63) and 0.81 (95%CI = 0.49–1.33), respectively. The non-linear association between BMI and risk of Dementia-mortality was significant (p = 0.001,Coeff = 0.003). Conclusion: This study highlights underweight related to increase incidence of Parkinson, Dementia, and Dementia mortality but no on Alzheimer disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Numerous meta-analyses have been conducted on the effects of nutritional interventions on various health outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the strength of the evidence and its clinical significance are unclear., Objective: This umbrella review aimed to summarize the effects of nutritional interventions on women with PCOS and assess the strength of the evidence., Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception until March 17, 2021., Data Extraction: Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the impact of dietary modifications or supplementations on women with PCOS were selected. Data extraction, quality assessments of the meta-analyses, and evaluation of the strength of the evidence were conducted independently by 2 investigators and confirmed by a third., Data Analysis: Twenty-eight RCT meta-analyses were included, reporting 40 different outcomes. Lower carbohydrate, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or lower glycemic index/load diets in women with PCOS significantly improved some anthropometric and metabolic characteristics (with very low to low certainty). Probiotics/synbiotics reduced fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin (FI), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (with moderate to high certainty). Curcumin supplementation decreased fasting plasma glucose, FI, and HOMA-IR (with moderate certainty). Fish oil supplementation decreased FI and HOMA-IR, and omega-3 reduced triglycerides (with moderate certainty). There were also improvements in FI after taking vitamin D or inositol supplements (with moderate certainty). Supplementation with fish oil increased adiponectin (with high certainty), and probiotics/synbiotics reduced total testosterone (with moderate certainty). In subfertile women with PCOS, inositol increased the ovulation rates (with moderate certainty)., Conclusion: There was no high-certainty evidence that diets alone in women with PCOS improved health or reproductive outcomes. Supplementation with vitamin D, probiotics/synbiotics, omega-3, inositol, and curcumin showed favorable effects on some metabolic outcomes. Probiotics/synbiotics possibly reduces total testosterone, and inositol stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS., Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021251496., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)