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The school literacy movement is the first step of scientific development, aimed at enhancing science education. It has an important role in encouraging every citizen to have basic knowledge of the nature of science through active participation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the School Literacy Movement program designated by the Ministry of Education and Culture due to the poor reading interest Indonesia students from several international surveys. The study was conducted at Al Mujahidin Muhammadiyah Middle School in Yogyakarta, using the qualitative method of data collection. The results show that the school literacy program is not only specific for reading and writing but for also other academics as activities such as numerals, science, digitalization, finance, culture, and citizenship. In conclusion, the implementation of a structured and systematic program positive impacts on the growth of literacy achievement for all school members from students, teachers, down to employees in Indonesia.

Hyperglycemia is one of the causes of diabetes mellitus. One example of a plant used as an anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic herbal medicine is the mahogany plant (Swietenia mahagoni). Drugs in nanoemulsion dosages must be developed to increase oral bioavailability and drug solubility from herbal plant extracts. So, research was carried out to determine the formulation and optimization of nanoemulsion from mahogany seed extract (Swietenia mahagoni) and its effect on reducing blood glucose levels in mice (Mus musculus L.). Based on research that has been carried out, the nanoemulsion formula for mahogany seed extract is characterized by a transmittance percentage of 84.7 % and a particle size of 12.21 nm. Administration of mahogany seed extract and nanoemulsion formulation of mahogany seed extract (Swietenia mahagoni) can reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice (Mus musculus L.). Further, a computational analysis using the molecular docking approach was carried out to analyze the molecular interaction between the main components of mahogany seed (glycidyl oleate and glycidyl palmitoleate) and alpha-glucosidase. The outcome suggested that these substances are bonded to the alpha-glucosidase catalytic sites by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions and are stable during MD simulation, suggesting that the primary components of mahogany seed may become potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitors to treat diabetes.

Moringa oleifera is a tropical plant in the Moringaceae family that contains a lot of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), and conducted inhibitory tests on XO using methanol extracts of M. oleifera leaves. The xanthine oxidase enzyme isolated from bovine milk was characterized to determine the optimum pH, temperature, and substrate concentration. XO inhibition was evaluated by in vitro and in silico methods. The results of XO isolation and characterization of bovine milk showed the optimum conditions at pH 6.5, substrate concentration of 0.1 mM, and temperature 35 °C with an activity rate of 32.47 mU/mL; 21.55 mU/mL, and 21.94 mU/mL. Inhibition analysis results on methanol extract of M. oleifera leaves showed the highest activity decrease at the extract concentration of 160 ppm, with a relative inhibition value of 21.35%, while allopurinol as a positive control has a relative value inhibition of 61.21%. Relative value inhibition indicated the potential of M. oleifera leaves as a source of medicinal plants for gout sufferers. Additionally, a computational analysis was performed to observe the molecular interaction between the primary compounds of M. oleifera leaves, i.e., 5-O-acetyl-thio-octyl-β-L-rhamnofuranoside, quinic acid, and 2-dimethyl(trimethylsilylmethyl)silyloxymethyltetrahydrofuran, and XO using the molecular docking method. The finding implied that these compounds are bound to the catalytic sites of XO by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, indicating the primary compounds of M. oleifera leaves could become XO inhibitors to treat gout disease.

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Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) is a type of invertebrate animal that lives on the bottom of the rocky coast and has the potential as a nutritious food raw material for humans and pharmaceutical raw materials. The study aims to determine the microplastic types, microplastic functional groups and simulate the distribution pattern of ingested microplastics in the digestive system of H. atra based on hydrodynamic activity. Microplastic separation was conducted by extraction using the flotation method based on predetermined criteria. Functional group test of microplastic polymers ingested in intestines of sea cucumbers using FT‐IR (Frontier Transform Infrared‐Spectroscopy) Analysis. Hydrodynamic modeling analysis used secondary data: bathymetric, currents, wind direction, and tidal prediction data. The results of sampling of H. atra sea cucumbers at four observation locations, where ten individual sea cucumbers were taken from each location, showed that microplastic waste exposed in the intestines of sea cucumbers obtained an average value of 14,166 individuals‐1, with a particle length range of 0.214–3.978 mm. The highest abundance was from the type of fiber, followed by fragments, pellets, and films. FTIR test results indicate the presence of several functional microplastic groups that are digested in the intestine, including polyamide (PA)/nylon‐6, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The movement of currents carrying microplastic waste particles is dominated to the west and south of Karimunjawa Island, potentially endangering the habitats of sea cucumbers and other animals in the waters of the surrounding small islands. It is recommended that stakeholders establish plastic waste protocols, waste facilities and treatment, and strict supervision of tourists entering the Karimunjawa tourism environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scale land-based investments have a significant impact on natural resources and environmental conditions. It is necessary to protect areas of high conservation value (HCV) within land management investments, such as the mining sector, to minimise this impact. The existence of high conservation value sites in locations with activities related to the mining sector is intended to maintain the ecological and conservation value of a mining investment area. We demonstrate a model that can identify potential high conservation value sites in mining areas using remote sensing data and spatial analysis compiled with field observation data. The research was conducted in one of the largest nickel mining areas (71,047 ha) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We mapped vegetation density using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), calculated from Sentinel-2 imagery. We also collected biodiversity data in predetermined inventory sampling plots, which we then used to estimate species richness using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Using a linear regression model to compare the normalized difference vegetation index value in each sampling plot with the biodiversity value of flora and fauna, we then estimated biodiversity distribution patterns for the entire study area. We found that potential high conservation value areas (areas likely to have high biodiversity based on our regression model) covered 40,000 ha, more than half of the total concession area.