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Copyright of Periodic Epidemiology Journal / Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Older adults experience progressive decline in various organs and changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs in the body which lead to an increased risk of medication-related problems. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and medication complexity are key factors contributing to adverse drug events in the emergency department (ED). Objective: To estimate the prevalence and investigate the risk factors of PIMs and medication complexity among older adults admitted to the ED. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients aged > 60 years admitted to the ED of Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital in January - June 2020. PIMs and medication complexity were measured using the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® and Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), respectively. Results: A total of 1005 patients were included and 55.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52 -- 58%) of them received at least one PIM. Whereas, the pharmacological therapy prescribed to older adults had a high complexity index (mean MRCI 17.23 + 11.15). Multivariate analysis showed that those with polypharmacy (OR= 6.954; 95% CI: 4.617 -- 10.476), diseases of the circulatory system (OR= 2.126; 95% CI: 1.166 -- 3.876), endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (OR= 1.924; 95% CI: 1.087 -- 3.405), and diseases of the digestive system (OR= 1.858; 95% CI: 1.214 -- 2.842) had an increased risk of receiving PIM prescriptions. Meanwhile, disease of the respiratory system (OR = 7.621; 95% CI: 2.833 -- 15.150), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (OR = 6.601; 95% CI: 2.935 -- 14.847), and polypharmacy (OR = 4.373; 95% CI: 3.540 -- 5.401) were associated with higher medication complexity. Conclusion: In our study, over one in every two older adults admitted to the ED had PIMs, and a high medication complexity was observed. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease was the leading risk factors for receiving PIMs and high medication complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis A often occurs in school among students in the form of an outbreak. The transmission was through fecal-oral (common source) provided that the epidemic curve is close to propagated. The aim of the current study was to analyze the determinants of Hepatitis A infection among students. Design and methods: This study was a case-control study which was conducted at SMAN Plus with a sample size of 80 students chosen by using simple random sampling. The data obtained were then analyzed using logistic regression with 95% confidence level (a = 0.05), while the strength of the relationship between variables was identified using odds ratio (OR). Results: Most of the students were at the age of 17 to 19 years old (65%) and male (57.5%). The average age in the case group was 17.1 years old, while in the control group was 16.75 years old. The habit of consuming raw foods (p=0.001) as well as eating and drink at the same time during an activity (p=0.000) had a significant influence on the outbreak of Hepatitis A in the curve epidemic of common source. Conclusion: The outbreak is confirmed as a transmission occurs through fecal-oral which the common source epidemic curve. Risk factors that have been proven to be related to hepatitis A include consuming raw food, eating shared meals during an activity, and drinking with shared drinking utensils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of giving massage, physiotherapy and nutritional needs based on nutritional adequacy rates to increase endurance of leg and heart muscles in the Road Racetour De Singkarak Bicycle Racing Athlete. The sample in this study uses a total sample technique that is all athletes Pelatnas Road Racetour De Singkarak athletes, amounting to 10 people. The findings of this study include, 1) There is an effect of giving massage to increase leg and heart muscle power, with the average rating of the experimental group using the Strocking Effleurage method, traction (traction) and Effleurage more dominant than the average value of the control group. 2) There is an influence of giving physiotherapy to increase leg and heart muscle power, and the administration of control group physiotherapy with Exercise therapy technique is more dominant than the administration of Thermotherapy (Heat therapy/Heat Therapy). 3) There is an influence of nutritional needs based on the nutritional adequacy rate on the increase in leg and heart muscle power of the Road Racetour De Singkarak Road Race, with the average experimental group being more dominant than the control group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal health is part of public health that will show a positive trend if there is a decrease in maternal mortality and an increase in delivery assistance provided by health workers in health service facilities. to know the relationship between pregnancy disorders and access to health services for female workers in the industrial area of Sidoarjo. this research was cross-sectional The sample of this study was 159 midwives. ANC visits of female workers are still low and have not reached 90%. Many female workers have experienced various pregnancy disorders. These pregnancy disorders include; abortion, anemia, and Hyperemesis GravidarumThe biggest obstacle to antenatal care performed by female workers is time and cost. During the Covid-19 pandemic, antenatal care services have made adaptations by implementing the COVID-19 health protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examination of the diagnostic covid-19 gold standard with real time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is still limited, so that the initial hematological examination (leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, hemoglobin, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) plays an important role in monitoring the course of covid-19 disease Macrophages release nitric oxide (NO) to kill parasites NO inhibits migration and adhesion of leucocytes to the endothelium. Metode: The research design used preexperimental with one group pre-post test, the total sample was 80 health workers who were exposed to Covid-19, the independent variable was the provision of NO and the dependent variable was the result of a hematological examination (leukocytes, lymposites, platelets, neutrophils, hemoglobin and NLR). The intervention was given NO 500 mg mixed with warm water 250 cc, given 3 times a day for 5 days, data analysis used the T-test with a significance value of a<0.05. Results: There is a difference in the results of the pre and post-test hematology giving NO to the results of the examination of leucocytes a=0.001, lymphocytes a=0.000, platelets a=0.000, neutrophils a=0.000, hemoglobin a=0.031, and NLR a=0.000. Conclusion: Giving NO to health workers exposed to Covid-19 can improve the hematology and immune systems to fight the corona virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Burnout is a psychological problem that attacks nurses and is one of the risks causes nurses to do unsafe actions. Nurses suffering from burnout and have a less safe environment will implement inefficient care systems. Generally, high workload is directly proportional to the incident of burnout. This research study aimed to find the effect of workload and safety communication on the level of burnout in inpatient nurse services. Method: This research was a cross-sectional study implemented at Rumah Sakit Umum Haji and Rumah sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya, Indonesia. This implementation of research study was started in April to June 2019. The samples were collected using two populations of sampling method and got 138 nurses as samples. To analyze the effect of workload and safety communication on burnout syndrome, the researcher used multinomial logistics. Results: The results of Multinomial logistic test showed that workload affected the incidence of burnout with a value of p = 0.037 and safety communication did not affect the incidence of burnout syndrome with a value of p = 0.274. Conclusion: Workload affected the burnout syndrome incidence, while safety communication had no notable effect on burnout syndrome. The researcher suggests the hospitals to provide mental and physical health services, as well as stress coping training for nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job stress can be defined as a dangerous physical and emotional response that occurs when work requirements are not matched with our own ability, resources, or needs of the workers. Job stress needs special attention by the company because it relates a worker individual’s health and affects operational continuity of the company’s production. The risk factors as the cause of job stress on female and male workers in PT. X are related to the characteristics and the perceptions of a work environment. The purpose of this research is to examine the individual characteristics and perceptions of the working environment that affects the incidence of job stress on female and male workers. This type of research is observational by designing cross-sectional research with the number of respondents as many as 50 people. The independent variables in this study included age, education, employment, marital status, noise, lighting as well as temperature. Dependent variable was job stress on female and male workers in PT. X.Female workers at PT. X experienced 32% of job stress and 20% of male workers. The results of logistic regression analysis obtains a significant influence of working time with job stress (P=0.027) as well as noise with job stress (P=0.017) on female workers. Male workers are significant to the job stress namely age (P=0.011), working period (P=0.030) as well as lighting (P=0.005). Advice for job-stress workers to take a leave, using personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of working environment. The company provides leave permits for workers and periodically performs work rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Contact dermatitis is positived by most agricultural sector workers. Tobacco farming is one of the places where chemicals are sourced from pesticides, fertilizers, and also nicotine derived from tobacco leaves. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with contact dermatitis in tobacco farmers in Jember, East Java Province, Indonesia. Method. The research design is case control with 155 tobacco farmers. The dependent variable of this study is Occuptional Contact Dermatitis (OCD) as measured through the results of a doctor’s examination. Independent variables are individual factors and occupational factors. Individual factors include age, sex, education, individual hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and complaints of GTS. Occupational factors consist of the main job, additional work, types of tobacco leaves, work at risk, work period, length of work, length of rest. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with a significance value of p <0,05. Result and Discussion. The results revealed that factors related to OCD in tobacco farmers in Jember Regency were age (p = 0.037), education (0,013), GTS complaints (p = 0,030), type of tobacco leaf (p=0,005), working periode (p=0,042) and working hours (p=0,008). Conclusion Individual factors related to OCD in tobacco farmers are age, education, and GTS complaints. Occupational factors related to OCD are the type of tobacco leaves, working periode and length of work. This study revealed that OCD through promotion and integrated occupational health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Handling in Emergency Room (ER) is often considered late by the patient’s family. Public perception in this case the patient’s family about the condition of the emergency is based on knowledge about the clinical condition of the emergency and psychosocial and the experience of bringing patients to the ER. The goal of this study is to find the relationship between knowledge and experience with perceptions of the level of emergency of patient’s family in ER. The research design is a cross sectional approach. The population covers the families of traffic accident patients in the ER with the total of 100 people using purposive sampling. The results showed that more than half (55%) of respondents had good knowledge (55%), more than half (66%) of respondents had experience delivering patients to ER, and almost all (94%) had a severe perception of the condition of patients on ER. The results of the research used Spearman Rank test to know the relationship between knowledge and experience with perceptions of the level of emergency of patients family in ER. The p value obtained was 0.043(significancy of 0.05) which means there is a relationship between knowledge with perceptions of the level of emergency and the p value obtained was 0.176(no significancy of 0.05) which means there is no relationship between experience with perceived level of emergency. It is expected that the next researcher will examine the factors that influence the patient’s family knowledge about the level of emergency of patients in the ER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Female workers have different abilities and physiology to male workers. Thus, female workers are very sensitive to some hazards in workplace environment. The existing hazards in work environment can cause various effects towards pregnancy among female workers. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of work factors including shift work, work attitude, and work duration on reproductive health. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. The number of research sample was 109 female workers selected by simple random sampling. The respondents were female workers in plastic and soft drink industry in Sidoarjo. Primary data was collected by using questionnaires. The dependent variable was the reproductive health of female workers. Reproductive health status of female workers includes menstrual disorders and pregnancy disorders. The independent variables included work pattern, work duration, and shift work. Results: The percentage of respondents who were married was 81.7%. The percentage of respondents experiencing reproductive disorders was 63.3% in which 60.6% cases were menstrual disorders and 20.2% cases were pregnancy disorders. The results of logistic regression test showed that reproductive health during pregnancy was affected by shift work (p=0.007). Conclusion: Female workers who worked in the evening and at night shift had high risks of pregnancy disorders and miscarriage than female workers who worked at normal working hours. Working in shifts and the irregular working hours also associated with the miscarriage occurence. Companies need to provide protection for pregnant workers in order to avoid irregular shift work and evening or night shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]