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This paper introduces the fractal Kraenkel–Manna–Merle (KMM) system, which explains nonlinear short wave propagation with zero conductivity for saturated ferromagnetic materials in an external field. Fractal models deal with the discontinuous geometry of physical problems. The semi‐inverse technique and the new auxiliary equation method (NAEM) are used to generate a variety of solutions. A collection of exact soliton solutions specifically bright, dark, singular‐shaped, and singular‐periodic are generated using constraint conditions. The fractal parameter impact on these solutions displayed through 2D, 3D, and contour plots taking appropriate parametric values. The arbitrary functions in the solutions are chosen as such unique functions to generate some novel soliton structures. The proposed methods are more straightforward, succinct, and accurate to extract solitons of numerous evolution equations in mathematical physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the optical solitons of fractional coupled Boussinesq, Burgers-type and mKdV equations by the hypothesis of traveling wave and G ′ G 2 -expansion scheme. These equations are important in different fields such as propagation of long water waves, fluid dynamics, and shallow water wave propagation. In comparison to other analytical procedures, the analytical methodology G ′ G 2 is an incredibly beneficial approach. This technique can also be used with other nonlinear fractional models. The suggested method generates three distinct solutions such as trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational. Moreover, graphical representation has been used to portray the physical significance of the constructed solutions. Finally, a comprehensive study is made by using a definition of Beta fractional derivative and obtained solutions are represented graphically to understand considered models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rose is a highly economically important ornamental plant being globally used for aesthetic purposes since ancient times. In Pakistan, during last seventy years hundreds of Hybrid varieties were introduced and adopted for cut-flower production and landscape beauty. Several spontaneous mutants may also have originated during clonal propagation. In 2008, a comprehensive survey of Punjab areas was conducted and several hybrids were collected and planted in semi sub-tropical area (Rawalpindi/Islamabad). The varieties with stable phenotypic characters were further subjected to morphological analysis following UPOV-Rose descriptors during 2017 to 2019. Morphological diversity was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and a large ratio of the characters was considered as dominant. The narrow range of variation was found within germplasm of Hybrid accessions and traits (11.43% and 10.14%) on factor plains (Factor 1 × Factor 2). The leading accessions 33, 34 and 6 were selected for their desirable plant attributes such as better flower size (cm), stem length (cm) and early flower production. Establishment of in vitro clonal propagation was required for efficient multiplication. The explants were surface sterilized by pre-soaking in Topsin-M fungicide and sequential use of HgCl2 and NaOCl. Phenolic exudation was controlled using 1% Citric acid solution. Among selected accessions, #33 performed better for efficient establishment of cultures and in vitro clonal multiplication. Hence, it may be used for further clonal propagation using tissue culture for commercial production. This is first report of the adoptability studies of different HT-Rose accessions in Pakistan and their capacity to be used in selection and breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To share our experience regarding the safety and efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal stones of larger than 2.5 cm and to study the frequency of any postoperative complications associated with this procedure. Methodology: This is a descriptive study conducted during the period from June 2007 to December 2009. Using non-probability convenient sampling, total 88 patients with renal stones of more than 2.5 cm were selected for PCNL. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 10 for windows XP. Results: In a cohort of 88 patients (57 male and, 31 female) PCNL was performed for renal stone treatment. The mean age was 33.5 (9 - 65) years. The mean operative time was 85 (60 - 180) minutes and the mean stone size was 3.2 cm range (2.5-4.8) cm. There were 37 staghorn and 51 non staghorn stone. PCNL via a single access tract was accomplished in 86% (76/88) of procedures, with upper pole calyx in 30, middle calyx in 27 and lower pole calyx in 19 procedures, while multiple tracts were used in 14% of procedures (12/88) with 09 procedures using the upper and middle calyxes and 05 procedures using lower and middle calyxes. The stone-free rates for staghorn stone at discharge and at 3 months were 83.7% and 90.8% respectively, while for non staghorn stone the figures were 85.8% and 92.5% respectively. Postoperative complications were observed in 9% of the procedures (8/88), the commonest of which was bleeding necessitating blood transfusion in 4 patients. Conclusion: PCNL is safe and Effective treatment for renal calculi associated with less morbidity, shorter hospital stay and is cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]