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Nanoparticles plays a key role in the development of novel antibacterial substances against various pathogenic microorganisms. These nanoparticles due to their smaller size could be very effective as they can improve the antibacterial activity through lysis of bacterial cell wall. In the present research work, ZnO, MgO, NiO, AlO nanoparticles, and MgNiO, and AlZnO composite oxides were synthesized by green method from Ocimum basilicum leaves extract. The nanoparticles formed were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM to confirm the formation of NPs and to determine the morphology, elemental composition, shape and size, composition, and nature of bonds present in the NPs. Further, the NPs were tested for their antibacterial activity. In particular, ZnO NPs showed a good inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 20 mm zone of inhibition. Hence, the process reported herein could be optimized for large‐scale preparation of NPs. Research Highlights: Green synthesis of ZnO, MgO, NiO, AlO nanoparticles, and MgNiO, and AlZnO composite oxides using Ocimum basilicum leaves extractNPs were characterized by various established characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM.NPs showed antibacterial activity which was investigated by agar well diffusion method against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.The method proved to be very simple, cost‐efficient, and convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research study, the phytochemical tests of the Ricinus communis L methanolic extract detected the presence of coumarin, reducing sugar, emodines, terpenoids, flavonoids, and steroids while water extract showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and soluble starch. The methanolic extract was further subjected to synthesize Au nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by UV–Vis through the appearance of a peak at 550 nm which correspond to the existence of Au nanoparticles. The size and morphology of synthesized nanoparticle were further studied by the dynamic light scattering technique which shows that nanoparticles were in the range of 100 nm which were further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles and extracts were tested against different bacterial strains. The results revealed that methanolic extract showed maximum inhibition of 19.5 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae and 20.33 mm against Bacillus cereus while water extract showed maximum inhibition of 18.16 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 19.33 mm against B. cereus. On the other hand, Au nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition of 18.5 mm against Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical examination of the extract of bark of Millettia ovalifolia yielded chemical constituents, which included one novel flavonoid 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-furo [2, 3-f] chromen-9-one and four new source compounds characterized as 3,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (E)-Ethyl-13-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate, (E)-Methyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate and N-Ethylacetamide. These compounds were characterized by using advance modern spectroscopic analytical techniques such as UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The novel flavonoid (1) displayed significant inhibition of cytosolic form of bovine carbonic anhydrase-II with IC50 value of 17.86 ± 0.07 µM. This flavonoid may be used as a new pharmacophore to treat cystic fibrosis, glaucoma, epilepsy, leaukomia and other disorders such as neurology etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new indigoferamide-A (1) along with three new source compounds dotriacontanoic acid (2), quercetin (3) and formononetin "4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone" (4) were isolated from the seeds of Indigofera heterantha Wall. The structures of all these compounds were determined by using mass spectrometry, 1D-and 2D NMR techniques. The structure of the new indigoferamide-A was established by methanolysis as well as by GC-MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theclinical outcomes of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) range fromacute resolving hepatitis to chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of the infecting virus genotype is indispensable for the exploration of many aspects of HCV infection, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, and response to antiviral therapy. 1419 individuals were screened for anti-HCV in this study, of which 166 (11.7%) were found reactive by ICT (Immunochromatographic test). These 166 anti-HCV positive and 26 normal individuals were further analyzed. RNA was extracted from serum and reverse-transcribed to cDNAand the core region of HCVgenomewas targeted and amplified bymultiplex PCR. HCVRNAwas detected in 121 individuals, of which 87 were male and 34 were female. Genotype 3a was the most prevalent among all the genotypes observed followed by 3b. Genotypes 1a, 2a, and 2b were found in 10.89%, 13.22%, and 6.61% patients, respectively. 25.41% of the HCV RNA positive samples were not typed. 6.05% of patients were found having mixed genotypes. These findings will not only help the physicians to prescribe more appropriate treatment for the HCV infection but will also draw the attention of health-related policy makers to devise strategies to curb the disease more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans suffer from various diseases that require more specific drugs to target them. Among the different potent agents, β-lactamase s serve as good antibacterial agents; however, β-lactamase s are resistant to such antibiotics. The present study was designed to prepare efficient β-lactamase inhibitor amides (12-15) from inexpensive, easily accessible, and bioactive precursors; Morita Baylis Hillman (MBH) adducts (5-8). The adducts (5-8) were primarily prepared by treating their respective aldehydes with the corresponding acrylate in the presence of an organic Lewis base at ambient temperature. The compounds were characterized using mass spectrometry, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, in silico studies (using AutoDock Tools and AutoDock Vina programs) on the adduct and corresponding amide product revealed that all MBH adducts (5-8) and their product amides (12-15) are significant inhibitors of β-lactamase . Additionally, among the MBH adducts, adduct 7 showed the highest binding affinity with β-lactamase , whereas amide 15 was identified as a highly potent antibacterial based on its docking score (-8.6). In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) test of the synthesized compounds demonstrated that all compounds showed drug-likeness properties., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Biomedical Informatics.)

Thermal degradation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was studied by using inorganic salt of aluminum triiodide (AlI 3 ). The composites of PMMA were prepared with AlI 3 by changing the concentration of the AlI 3 additive from 2% to 10% ( w / w ). The PMMA composites with AlI 3 were characterized by TGA, DTG, SEM, FTIR, HBT, and Py-GC-MS techniques. The FTIR peaks of PMMA composite at 1316, 786, and 693 cm -1 justify the chemical association between PMMA and AlI 3 . TGA study shows that the stability of PMMA is enhanced by the addition of the AlI 3 additive. SEM analysis represented that there is a relationship between polymer and additive when they are mixed at the molecular level. The horizontal burning test (HBT) also confirmed that the AlI 3 additive produced the flame retarding properties in PMMA polymer. The burning rate of composite with 10% of AlI 3 additive decreases five times as much as compared to pure PMMA polymer. Py-GC-MS analysis deduced that PMMA composite produced less toxic and environment-friendly substances (CO 2 ) by the influence of AlI 3 additive as compared to neat PMMA.