10 results on '"Rahman RT"'
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2. M9 Quality improvement project: can we improve recording of target oxygen saturations and prescribing on a respiratory ward in accordance to new british thoracic society (bts) oxygen guidelines?
- Author
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Rahman, RT, Young, G, Shah, N, Reyad, B, and Choudhury, A
- Abstract
IntroductionThe BTS advises target oxygen saturations of ≥94% for all adult patients excepting those at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure – where oxygen should be restricted to achieve saturations of 88%–92%1. In the 2015 BTS audit however, although 14% of all UK inpatients received oxygen, only half of these patients had a prescription and 30% had oxygen delivered inappropriately.Method and ObjectiveWe aimed to improve oxygen prescribing and setting of target saturations on drug charts with appropriately delivered and monitored oxygen therapy. Our main outcome measure was that “In 90% of cases, oxygen saturations recorded on nursing observation charts will match prescription on drug chart”. 15 patient records were sampled weekly from an acute respiratory ward over three months. Process measures were: i) Is oxygen prescribed on the drug chart? ii) Are target saturations recorded on the drug chart? 48 hour antibiotics review was the balancing measure. Five PDSA interventions took place; a) an educational announcement b) poster c) weekly email showing ward performance d) pharmacist prescription reviewing target ranges and e) displaying target saturations at patient bedsides.ResultsEleven cycles of data were collected. Of 165 medical case notes reviewed, the three most common respiratory conditions were COPD-35%, pneumonia-21% and lung cancer-11%. 22% had no respiratory condition as presenting complaint or previous history. On admission, 20% were hypercapnic on arterial blood gas. At baseline, only 46% of drug charts had completed oxygen prescriptions and 66% target saturations. Following PDSA interventions this peaked to 100%. Our outcome measure, do oxygen saturations on observation charts match target saturations on drug charts, improved to nearly 90% from initial baseline 53% (figure 1).ConclusionThis QIP has shown that simple interventions can improve oxygen prescribing and appropriate delivery, although our target of 90% is yet to be achieved. The PDSA intervention with the most positive effect on the outcome measure was sharing our improvements via email to the entire ward team. We aim to sustain these Results beyond this project with further PDSA interventions and implement these practices in other acute and general medical wards within the hospital.[Figure]
- Published
- 2017
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3. Multilayered collagen-lipid hybrid nanovesicles for retinol stabilization and efficient skin delivery.
- Author
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Rahman RT, Koo BI, Jang J, Lee DJ, Choi S, Lee JB, and Nam YS
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- Humans, Drug Stability, Skin metabolism, Drug Carriers chemistry, Cell Survival drug effects, Skin Absorption, Skin, Artificial, Vitamin A administration & dosage, Vitamin A chemistry, Collagen chemistry, Lipids chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Fibroblasts drug effects, Administration, Cutaneous
- Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively utilized for the solubilization and cutaneous delivery of water-insoluble active ingredients in skincare formulations. However, their practical application is often limited by structural instability, leading to premature release and degradation of actives. Here we present highly robust multilamellar nanovesicles, prepared by the polyionic self-assembly of unilamellar vesicles with hydrolyzed collagen peptides, to stabilize all-trans-retinol and enhance its cutaneous delivery. Our results reveal that the reinforced multilayer structure substantially enhances dispersion stability under extremely harsh conditions, like freeze-thaw cycles, and stabilizes the encapsulated retinol. Interestingly, these multilamellar vesicles exhibit significantly lower cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts than their unilamellar counterparts, likely due to their smaller particle number per weight, minimizing potential disruptions to cellular membranes. In artificial skin models, retinol-loaded multilamellar vesicles effectively upregulate collagen-related gene expression while suppressing the synthesis of metalloproteinases. These findings suggest that the robust multilamellar vesicles can serve as effective nanocarriers for the efficient delivery and stabilization of bioactive compounds in cutaneous applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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4. Shorter observation times and smaller gauge needles in outpatient kidney biopsies.
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Giniyani LL, McGee J, DeVita MV, Rahman RT, Moses AA, and Rosenstock JL
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- Humans, Female, Male, Time Factors, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Biopsy, Needle instrumentation, Biopsy, Needle methods, Biopsy, Needle adverse effects, Adult, Aged, Equipment Design, Ambulatory Care, Kidney Diseases pathology, Kidney pathology, Needles
- Abstract
Controversy exists as to the optimal observational time (OT) after outpatient percutaneous kidney biopsy. Further, there is some uncertainty about the benefit of smaller (18-gauge) vs. larger (16-gauge) biopsy needles. At our institution, we have been lowering the OT after outpatient kidney biopsies. Initially in 2015, we were monitoring for 6 hours and gradually began to decrease the OT over time. From 2020, we have adopted an OT of less than 4 hours. During this time period (in 2018), we also began using a smaller gauge needle (18 gauge). We reviewed all outpatient kidney biopsies performed by the nephrology division at our institution since 2015. There were 137 biopsies reviewed. 63 had OT of 4 - 6 hours, and 74 had OT < 4 hours. There was a total of 4 significant complications (2.9%). Two complications, symptomatic retroperitoneal bleeds, were detected in less than 3 hours. The other 2 complications were seen at 9 hours (clot retention) and 72 hours (retroperitoneal bleed after anticoagulation restarted). 63% of the biopsies were done using 18-gauge needles with 1 complication in this group vs. 3 in the 16-gauge group. All cases had adequate tissue for interpretation based on the ability to make a kidney diagnosis. The number of glomeruli obtained in the 18-gauge group was 29 ± 13 glomeruli, and in the 16-gauge group was 25 ± 10, which did not differ between groups. In summary, in an outpatient population, all significant post-biopsy complications were evident either within the first 3 hours or after 9 hours, and this suggests the feasibility of using shorter than standard OT in outpatient kidney biopsies. Furthermore, an 18-gauge needle may lower the risk of complications and obtain adequate tissue.
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- 2024
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5. Biomimetic Multilayered Lipid Nanovesicles for Potent Protein Vaccination.
- Author
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Koo BI, Lee DJ, Rahman RT, and Nam YS
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- Animals, Mice, Biomimetic Materials chemistry, Biomimetic Materials pharmacology, Vaccination methods, Lipid A chemistry, Lipid A analogs & derivatives, Vaccines chemistry, Vaccines immunology, Ceramides chemistry, Lipids chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Female, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Ovalbumin chemistry, Ovalbumin immunology
- Abstract
Lipid vesicles are widely used for drug and gene delivery, but their structural instability reduces in vivo efficacy and requires specialized handling. To address these limitations, strategies like lipid cross-linking and polymer-lipid conjugation are suggested to enhance stability and biological efficacy. However, the in vivo metabolism of these altered lipids remains unclear, necessitating further studies. A new stabilization technique without chemical modification is urgently needed. Here, a bio-mimetic approach for fabricating robust multilamellar lipid vesicles to enhance in vivo delivery and stabilization of protein antigens is presented. This method leverages 1-O-acylceramide, a natural skin lipid, to facilitate the self-assembly of lipid nanovesicles. Incorporating 1-O-acylceramide, anchoring lipid bilayers akin to its role in the stratum corneum, provides excellent stability under environmental stresses, including freeze-thaw cycles. Encapsulating ovalbumin as a model antigen and the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A demonstrates the vesicle's potential as a nanovaccine platform. In vitro studies show enhanced immune responses with both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, but in vivo analyses highlight the superior efficiency of multilamellar vesicles in inducing higher antibody and cytokine levels. This work suggests ceramide-induced multilamellar lipid vesicles as an effective nanovaccine platform for enhanced antigen delivery and stability., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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6. Photochemically Inert Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen by Metal-Phenolic Network Coatings of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Choi S, Rahman RT, Kim BM, Kang J, Kim J, Shim J, and Nam YS
- Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO
2 ) nanoparticles are extensively used as a sunscreen filter due to their long-active ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance. However, their practical use is being challenged by high photochemical activities and limited absorption spectrum. Current solutions include the coating of TiO2 with synthetic polymers and formulating a sunscreen product with additional organic UV filters. Unfortunately, these approaches are no longer considered effective because of recent environmental and public health issues. Herein, TiO2 -metal-phenolic network hybrid nanoparticles (TiO2 -MPN NPs) are developed as the sole active ingredient for sunscreen products through photochemical suppression and absorption spectrum widening. The MPNs are generated by the complexation of tannic acid with multivalent metal ions, forming a robust coating shell. The TiO2 -MPN hybridization extends the absorption region to the high-energy-visible (HEV) light range via a new ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoexcitation pathway, boosting both the sun protection factor and ultraviolet-A protection factor about 4-fold. The TiO2 -MPN NPs suppressed the photoinduced reactive oxygen species by 99.9% for 6 h under simulated solar irradiation. Accordingly, they substantially alleviated UV- and HEV-induced cytotoxicity of fibroblasts. This work outlines a new tactic for the eco-friendly and biocompatible design of sunscreen agents by selectively inhibiting the photocatalytic activities of semiconductor nanoparticles while broadening their optical spectrum.- Published
- 2024
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7. Highly Robust Multilamellar Lipid Vesicles Generated through Intervesicular Self-Assembly Mediated by Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptides.
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Koo BI, Rahman RT, Jang J, Lee DJ, Lee JB, and Nam YS
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- Cations, Lipids chemistry, Peptides, Liposomes chemistry, Unilamellar Liposomes chemistry, Surface-Active Agents chemistry
- Abstract
Despite the well-known advantages of lipid vesicles for drug and gene delivery, structural instability limits their practical applications and requires strictly regulated conditions for transport and storage. Chemical crosslinking and in situ polymerization have been suggested to increase the membrane rigidity and dispersion stability of lipid vesicles. However, such chemically modified lipids sacrifice the dynamic nature of lipid vesicles and obfuscate their in vivo metabolic fates. Here, we present highly robust multilamellar lipid vesicles through the self-assembly of preformed, cationic large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with hydrolyzed collagen peptides (HCPs). The cationic LUVs undergo vesicle-to-vesicle attachment and structural reorganization through polyionic complexation with HCPs, resulting in the formation of multilamellar collagen-lipid vesicles (MCLVs). The resulting MCLVs exhibit excellent structural stability against variations in pH and ionic strength and the addition of surfactants. Particularly, the MCLVs maintain their structural stability against repeated freeze-thaw stresses, proving the unprecedented stabilization effect of biological macromolecules on lipid lamellar structures. This work provides a practically attractive technique for the simple and quick fabrication of structurally robust lipid nanovesicles without covalent crosslinkers, organic solvents, and specialized instruments.
- Published
- 2023
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8. Dual functionalized brush copolymers as versatile antifouling coatings.
- Author
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Kil J, Rahman RT, Wang W, Choi S, Nam YS, and Li S
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- Humans, Polymers pharmacology, Polymers chemistry, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Serum Albumin, Bovine chemistry, Adsorption, Biofouling prevention & control
- Abstract
Polymer coatings containing both fouling-resistant and fouling-release components have been reported to show synergistic antifouling properties. However, it remains unclear how the polymer composition influences the antifouling performance, particularly regarding foulants of different sizes and biological natures. Herein, we prepare dual functionalized brush copolymers containing fouling-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and fouling-release polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and examine their antifouling performances against different biofoulants. We utilize poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA) as a reactive precursor polymer and graft amine-functionalized PEG and PDMS side chains to create PPFPA- g -PEG- g -PDMS brush copolymers of systematically varying compositions. The copolymer films spin-coated on silicon wafers exhibit surface heterogeneity that can be correlated well with the bulk composition of the copolymer. When the copolymer-coated surfaces are examined against protein (human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin) adsorption and cell (lung cancer cells and microalgae) adhesion, they are found to perform better than the homopolymers. The enhanced antifouling properties are attributed to the copolymers having a PEG-rich top layer and a PEG/PDMS mixed bottom layer that work synergistically to resist biofoulant attachment. Furthermore, the composition of the best-performing copolymer is different for different foulants, with PPFPA- g -PEG
39 - g -PDMS46 exhibiting the best antifouling properties against proteins and PPFPA- g -PEG54 - g -PDMS30 exhibiting the best antifouling properties against cells. We explain this difference by considering the changes in the length scale of the surface heterogeneity in relation to the foulant sizes.- Published
- 2023
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9. How Do Herbal Cigarettes Compare To Tobacco? A Comprehensive Review of Their Sensory Characters, Phytochemicals, and Functional Properties.
- Author
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Abdel Rahman RT, Kamal N, Mediani A, and Farag MA
- Abstract
Herbal cigarettes, known as tobacco-free or nicotine-free cigarettes, are those recognized as being-tobacco free, being composed of a mixture of various herbs claimed to lessen the smoking habit hazards. However, controversial data regarding its properties occur in the literature with no comprehensive overview or analysis of its effects. Like herbal smokeless tobacco, they are often used to substitute for tobacco products (primarily cigarettes) regarded as a "nonsmoking" aid. This review capitalizes on herbal cigarettes with regard to their quality characteristics, sensory attributes, chemical composition, and health properties to rationalize their choice as a nonsmoking aid. Furthermore, the impacts of heat and/or pyrolysis that occur during smoking on its chemical composition are presented for the first time. Some herbal smokes may produce notable metabolic problems that increase the risk of several chronic metabolic diseases. In general, burning substances from plants can have a variety of negative effects on the body attributed to toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, polyaromatics, nicotine, and N -nitrosamines. This review compiles and discusses the phytochemical compositions detected in various herbal cigarettes alongside sensory and quality attributes and health effects., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
- Published
- 2022
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10. Chitosan-coated mesoporous silica particles as a plastic-free platform for photochemical suppression and stabilization of organic ultraviolet filters.
- Author
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Choi S, Na H, Rahman RT, Sim J, Chang JB, and Nam YS
- Subjects
- Drug Stability, Reactive Oxygen Species, Silicon Dioxide chemistry, Ultraviolet Rays, Chitosan, Sunscreening Agents chemistry, Sunscreening Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Photochemical instability and reactivity of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters not only degrade the performance of sunscreen formulations but also generate toxic photodegradation products and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the encapsulation of organic UV filters into synthetic polymer particles has been widely investigated, synthetic plastics were recently banned for personal care and cosmetic products due to marine and coastal pollution issues. Here we present a plastic-free, photochemically stable and inactive UV filter platform based on chitosan-coated mesoporous silica microparticles, denoted 'mSOCPs', incorporating octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) as a sunscreen agent. Sunlight induced the degradation of ∼80% free OMC in artificial sweat in 1 h at room temperature, while only 20% of OMC degraded for 3 h when encapsulated within mSOCPs. Moreover, mSOCPs efficiently suppressed the photochemical generation of ROS by about 99% through the combined effects of the mesoporous silica structure and chitosan coating. Accordingly, mSOCPs substantially increased the cell viability of fibroblasts exposed to UV irradiation. This work demonstrates that the biopolymer coatings of mesoporous inorganic particles can be a promising approach to the plastic-free encapsulation of organic UV filters for suppressing their photochemical reactivity and degradation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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