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For students to be able to compete and overcome challenges in the future, critical thinking is essential. The study's descriptive methodology aims to describe the students' critical thinking abilities. Every high school in a South Sulawesi district made up the research population. Based on school accreditation, with the use of a proportionate stratified random sampling technique, 150 students were chosen to comprise the research sample. The test instrument used is an essay distributed online. The indicators for the description questions are interpretation, analysis, and interpretation thinking skills. According to the study's findings, students' critical thinking abilities in static fluid material have an average score in the medium category of 73.09. In terms of school accreditation, students' physics critical thinking abilities average 73.87 for schools with A accreditation, 72.43 for schools with B accreditation, and 68.47 for schools with C accreditation. The percentage of each indicator of critical thinking skills is 34.58 in inference, 33.70 in analysis, and 31.71 in interpretation. It is anticipated that this study will give a broad picture of students' critical thinking competencies for teachers to choose and implement the most suitable stimulus to aid students in developing their critical thinking abilities.

Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW) research reveals that corruption in Indonesia is mostly carried out by civil servants. An audit report from the Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution also finds local government internal control systems' weaknesses, especially controlling budget execution. This phenomenon is inseparable from the budget actors' decision-making process when preparing a budget. Budget decision making is a crucial process. Budget actors use their preference to choose among priorities and put the programs and activities which they have chosen into the budget. Social exchange such as trust and social ties can restrain budget actor distortion when making a budget decision and improve local government performance. Cultural context, in this research, refers to high context, affects individual behavior, and may influence the budget decision-making process. The result shows that decision making mediates trust and context culture to local government performance. Trust also proven can improve local government performance. Social ties, on the other side, do not have an influence both on decision making and local government performance. When trust has been intertwined among members, social ties no longer have a role in social exchange. Trust is the strongest form of social relation. Trust in this research is also formed because of the figure. A figure holds an important role in high context culture. This research pointed out that decision making by considering social values can make the decision-making process better and even improve local government performance.

Background: Early Childhood Education Institutions (ECEIs) require a model for the cultivation of religious values from an early age. Religion encompasses fundamental values that strongly instil belief in the existence of God and promote harmonious relationships among individuals. This study examines the role of ECEIs in fostering religious values in early childhood. Aim: This study aims to explore the cultivation of religious values in early childhood, which includes philosophy and models of the cultivation of religious values. Setting: This research was conducted in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: Researchers chose five early childhood educational institutions with 30 participants, teachers, and managers of early childhood educational institutions. The analytical approach used is the "Discovering Cultural Themes" model. Results: The spirit of 'Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madya Mangun Karso, and Tut Wuri Handayani' serves as the philosophy guiding teachers to act as role models, inspire enthusiasm, and recognise the potential of young children. This philosophy is broken down into four main themes: 'I Love the Earth', 'I Love Indonesia', 'Playing and Cooperating/We Are All Brothers', and 'My Imagination and Creativity'. The cultivation model includes introduction, habituation, and exemplary actions by parents and teachers. Conclusion: Philosophical values are cultivated through recognition, habituation, and example. The acculturation model starts from the identification of religious and cultural values followed by institutionalisation and encouragement by teachers and parents. Contribution: The role of early childhood educational institutions in the acculturation of religious values is a vital characteristic of schools managed by the government and foundations in Indonesia.

Nowadays malls play a major role in consumer’s lifestyle. This research aims to (1) Identify the segments from shopping mall customer (2) Describe the profiles of shopping mall segments formed (3) Explain the differences each characteristic between segments are formed. This research is using confirmatory factor analysis and cluster analysis. This study revealed six factor shopping motivation such that gratification seeking, social shopping, value shopping, brand loyalty, utilitarian, and hedonic shopping. The result suggests that there is two shopper segment, hedonic shopper and utilitarian shopper. Each segment was profiled in terms of shopping motivation and demographics.

Purpose: This research examined the direct and indirect effect of university social responsibility (USR) on student loyalty through the mediation of service quality and university image. Design/methodology/approach: The sample includes 35 students from Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, a private university, and 74 respondents from Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, a state university, totaling 109 respondents. The data were obtained by sending a questionnaire in the form of Google Docs through the student WhatsApp groups at the universities. Furthermore, the four variable constructs were tested with loading factors to determine reliability, and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the construct validity. The research hypotheses were tested via path analysis using the WarpPLS 8.0 statistical tool. Findings: The results showed that the image of the university mediates the relationship between USR and student loyalty. Meanwhile, service quality does not mediate the relationship. The USR had a direct relationship with service quality, university image and student loyalty. The image of the university also had a direct effect on student loyalty, while service quality had an insignificant effect on student loyalty. Therefore, based on the coefficient value, the indirect effect between USR and student loyalty through the image of the university is stronger than the direct effect between USR and student loyalty. Originality/value: Several previous models examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer loyalty in general, but this research has applications in the education sector with a different concept, namely USR with different measurements.

This study aims to produce diisopropyl ether (DIPE) via isopropanol dehydration using cobalt-phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts. The catalytic activities of the zeolite/CoO and zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 were compared. The as-prepared catalysts were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface acidity was determined using the gravimetric method with pyridine as the probe. The results of this study showed that natural zeolite was favorably impregnated by CoO and Co(H2PO4)2 species. The impregnation process affected the textural and acidic features of the catalysts. The zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 catalyst with a loading of 8 mEq.g-1 exhibited the highest surface acidity of 1.827 mmol.g-1. This catalyst also promoted the highest catalytic activity towards isopropanol dehydration, with an isopropanol conversion of 66.19%, DIPE selectivity, and yield of 46.72% and 34.99%, respectively. The cobalt phosphate species promoted higher catalytic activity for isopropanol dehydration than the CoO species. This study demonstrated the potential of cobalt phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts for DIPE production with adequate performance. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Urbanization is caused by a drastic increase in population in an area, thus spurring high demand for space or land, leading to land conversion. The phenomenon of land conversion in rural areas is a reciprocal relationship between urban and rural areas influencing the spread of urbanization to rural areas. Mulyoagung Village, one of the villages in Malang, experiencing significant agricultural land conversion. This research aims to identify the classification of area based on the land conversion. Discussion also made on the beliefs and the demographics that played a role in influencing decisions regarding land conversion. The result revealed that Mulyoagung Village is a secondary rural peri-urban classification located between Malang City and Batu City, experienced a conversion of 24.01% of non-built-up land to built-up land within a period of 20 years (2002-2022). The conversion led to a change from initially rural fringe to urban-rural fringe. This results also supported by SEM-PLS analysis which showed that community demographics are the central construct influencing the decision of farming communities to convert their agricultural land.

Community welfare can be measured from the level of community health. To create a healthy community, adequate facilities, infrastructure and infrastructure are needed, namely by establishing a sports center. The sports center at Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing has long been neglected due to lack of maintenance. The purpose of this community service program is to revitalize the neglected sports center at Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing so that it can be used properly for sports activities and to socialize the importance of healthy life. The method of implementing community service consists of three stages including preparation, implementation and evaluation. The result of this service is the formation of a sports center with a new face and sports activities of residents can be seen in the morning and evening. Based on the results of the evaluation and monitoring using the Guttman scale, it shows that the revitalized sports center and the socialization of the importance of healthy life have a significant impact on residents. Residents start exercising and living a healthy life. So that this community service program is successful and has a positive and sustainable impact on residents of Pesanggrahan Pratama Housing.

Arabic language learning innovations are developing with various learning media, such as mindmapping. The use of mindmapping-based media can provide learning experiences for students. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of Mind Mapping concept in narrative writing skills for ethnic groups in Indonesia. A mixed research design was used with a quantitative approach to test the effectiveness of learning writing skills using Mind Mapping and a qualitative approach to identify student creativity in developing narrative paragraphs. 35 students who studied writing skills at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang in the Arabic Language Education study program were involved. The results showed that; 1) The effectiveness of Mind Mapping in narrative writing showed an increase in the average learning outcomes for writing skills to 77.91 which showed positive significance; 2) Creativity in writing narratives about Indonesian ethnic groups was identified including the distribution of the meaning of ethnic groups, characteristics of ethnic groups and examples of traditional culture, characterized by varied writing structures with the choice of various grammatical structures such as the arrangement of verbal phrases, adjectives, prepositions, adverbial attributes and nominal phrases. This article confirmed that the use of Mind Mapping for learning writing skills can develop paragraph ideas for writing skills in higher education.

Learning strategies are one of the key components in the teaching and learning process. Numerous studies have stated that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT), which is a part of cooperative learning strategies, has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes. However, its application in teaching Qira'ah Jahriyah (reading aloud) has not been widely explored. Therefore, researchers conducted a study at MTs.S Pondok Pesantren Al-Muttaqin Balai Belo Agam to determine the effectiveness of the TGT strategy in learning Qira'ah Jahriyah. The research employed a quantitative approach with experimental methods and utilized a Quasi-Experimental Design with purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 8th-grade students divided into two classes. Data collection was conducted using tests, and data analysis was performed using the t-test in SPSS 22. In the experimental class, the minimum posttest score was 75 and the maximum was 95, with a mean of 83.21. In the control class, the minimum score was 60 and the maximum was 85, with a mean of 73.57. The results showed that the t-test, Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant influence of the TGT cooperative learning strategy on the Qira'ah Jahriyah learning outcomes of 8th-grade students at MTs.S Al-Muttaqin Islamic Boarding School, Balai Belo Agam.

Business performance is an urgent topic to explore because there are many aspects that influence it. One thing that can guarantee business performance is open-minded entrepreneurship, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism. In this context, businesses in the form of Food and Beverage (F&B) have become popular in the last few decades in Indonesia. From this research, it investigates the effects of open-minded entrepreneurs, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism on business performance. Apart from that, it also dissects the relevance of open-minded entrepreneurship and uncertain readiness on business performance which is mediated by entrepreneurial optimism. The quantitative method was operated via an online survey involving cafe and restaurant owners (N = 128) spread across several big cities in Indonesia. Then, the data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). As a result, of the five hypotheses developed, three were accepted. Open-minded entrepreneurship, uncertain readiness, and entrepreneurial optimism are proven to influence business performance. On the one hand, the other two hypotheses are rejected, where open-minded entrepreneurship or uncertain readiness have no impact on business performance through entrepreneurial optimism. By implication, the output of the research is interesting to highlight in the future. Optimism in too high a capacity can harm the business. This is triggered by the level of vigilance and actions of business owners in making decisions based on irrational emotions.

Tracking the matrix is ​​the sum of the elements on the main diagonal of the matrix. This study aims to determine the Trace of a specially shaped quadratic FLDcircr matrix. In determining the Trace of a squared FLDcircr matrix, there are a number of steps to be take. First determine the special shape of the to 8x8 FLDcircr, matrix so that the general shape of FLDcircr, is formed to form a special quadratic.Furthermore, from the equations obtained, we can determine the Trace of the FLDcircr matrix in the form of a special quadratic order of the matrix to , Having obtained the general form of Trace from the FLDcircr matrix, we can prove it by direct proof

Determining inauspicious days in Javanese marriage traditions is significant. Sometimes, this leads to debates and controversies from various perspectives as it is considered contrary to Islamic law. This research aims to examine the determination of inauspicious days in Javanese marriage traditions during the month of Muharram (Suro). This study employs an empirical juridical approach using theories of social change and Islamic legal theory, particularly social tradition ('urf) and public interest (maslahah). Data is collected through interviews and literature reviews. Subsequently, the data is analyzed using these theories through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing processes. The research results reveal that the determination of inauspicious days in marriage traditions is based on the societal belief in the existence of inauspicious days for couples marrying in the month of Suro. This belief is grounded in experiences and stories passed down through generations. On the other hand, the concept of maslahah refers to the welfare or benefit for humans. In the context of inauspicious days for marriage, maslahah refers to efforts to prevent conflicts between couples and families. Furthermore, from the perspective of Islamic law, prohibiting marriage in the month of Suro in North Luwu Regency is permissible because there are no prohibitions in the Quran or hadith against it. Such traditions in Islamic law are referred to as ‘urf shahih, which are good and permissible customs as long as they do not contradict sharia. The prohibition is valid if it is based on the motivation to obey parental advice (birr al-walidayn) and as a form of respect for deceased parents, and linking everything that happens to the will of Allah SWT. However, if the tradition contradicts sharia and harms faith, then the tradition cannot be practiced.

Perintisan pendirian Taman Baca Masyarakat di desa muara telang marga kecamatan marga telang kabupaten banyuasin adalah program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) UPBJJ-UT Palembang dengan menggunakan anggaran 2022. Pendirian Taman Baca Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat minat baca masyarakat dan menjadi tempat belajar para pelajar dan anak-anak putus sekolah yang ada di desa muara marga telang khususnya dan di kecamatan muara telang pada umumnya. TBM merupakan sarana untuk pembelajaran dan pendidikan masyarakat secara nonformal. TBM diarahkan untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada warga masyarakat yang belum sekolah, buta aksara, putus sekolah, dan warga masyarakat yang kebutuhan pendidikannya tidak dapat terpenuhi melalui pendidikan formal. Perintisan TBM ini bertujuan meningkatkan literasai masyarakat sehingga dapat menciptakan masyarakat yang berdaya secara pengetahuan, ekonomi dan sosial.desa marga telang muara merupakan bagian daerah perarian yang memiliki keterbatasan akses perpustakaan secara fisik dan juga keterbatasan akses informasi digital dikarekan daerah ini masih belum tersedia jaringan internet yang memadai. Membangun literasi masyarakat pedesaan menjadi tanggung jawab perguruan tinggi sebagai salahsatu dari Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR), PAR merupakan penelitian yang melibatkan secara aktif semua pihak-pihak yang relevan (stakeholder) dalam mengkaji tindakan yang sedang berlangsung (dimana pengalaman mereka sendiri sebagai persoalan) dalam rangka melakukan perubahan dan perbaikan kearah yang lebih baik. Kegiatan ini akan dilakukan dengan tiga tahap yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan monitoring. Pada persiapan tim abdimas akan membeli sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan, tahap pelaksanaan tim akan menyerahkan baha-bahan dan akan memberikan materi terkait perpustakaan. Pada kegiatan monitoring tim akan mengevaluasi apakan TBM dimanfaatkan secara efektif dan efisien oleh masyarakat. Kegiatan perintisan pendirian taman baca masyarakat ini memberikan hasil berupa terwujudnya sebua taman baca masyarakat di desa muara telang marga sebagai upaya peningkatan literasi masyarakat dalam berbagai sector. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian ini berhasil dalam mencapai tujuan yaitu meningkatnya minat baca masyarakat yang dapat dari penggunaan koleksi yang ada pada TBM baik membaca do tempat maupun dibawa pulang kerumah, hal ini dapat meningkatkan literasi masyarakat muara telang marga. Manfaat yang bisa diperoleh melalui kegiatan ini yaitu terjadi peningkatan lietasi masyarakat desa Muara Telang Marga.

Background: Herbal tea Is one of the herbal drinks that has been widely consumed by Indonesian people and known as tea that have functional properties, one of them is source of antioxidants. Antioxidants can be obtained from a lot of sources, such as the mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and cloves. The use of cinnamon and clove expected to increase the consumers’ preference towards this tea. Objectives: This research aims at evaluating the acceptance level of several sensory parameters of tea made of mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and clove. Methods: The experimental design used in this research was completely randomized design with three replications, resulting in 27 samples of herbal tea. Besides, the data obtained from panelists will be analyzed by using Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The results show that the addition of cinnamon and cloves showed a significant difference. The more addition of spices will lower the panelist score. It can be seen in the sample containing 24 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon (B4) which had the highest panelist score in color, taste, and bitterness aspects. While the lowest panelist score was obtained by a sample containing 12 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon and cloves (A1). Conclusions: The more spices added, especially cloves will reduce the liking score. The result obtained by this research can be used for optimization of the best formula so maximum points can be known.

Pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are prone to malnutrition due to prolonged imbalances in the intake of essential nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women. This study had a quantitative, cross-sectional design and was conducted from June to August 2023 in the working area of the Parung Panjang Health Center, Bogor Regency. The sample size in this study was 140 pregnant women using purposive sampling. The respondents’ characteristics were obtained through questionnaire interviews. MUAC was collected through MUAC tape, dietary intake using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) form, and hemoglobin through a rapid test. Analysis was performed using the chi-square statistical test at 95% CI. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of CED was 20,7%. There was a significant relationship between maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infectious diseases, knowledge, energy, and protein adequacy and CED in pregnant women (p 0,05). In conclusion, the determinants of CED include maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infection, knowledge, energy, and protein intake.

Tanaman lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman mangrove yang dapat tumbuh pada kondisi salinitas rendah dan aerasi yang baik. Ekstrak lindur memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia sehingga berpotensi diaplikasikan sebagai antibakteri pada bidang pangan maupun kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi antibakteri dari ekstrak daun tanaman lindur terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan proses maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak etanol adalah sebesar 1,93%, 3,56%, dan 7,36%. Ekstrak n-heksana mengandung steroid, triterpenoid, dan flavonoid, ekstrak etil asetat mengandung steroid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan fenol hidrokuinon, dan ekstrak etanol mengandung steroid, flavonoid, saponin, fenol hidrokuinon, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya ekstrak etil asetat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus ATCC 6538 dan bakteri E. coli ATCC 8739. Efektivitas tertinggi terdeteksi pada bakteri S. aureus ATCC 6538 yang tergolong ke dalam bakteri Gram positif, dengan diameter zona bening berkisar 3-8 mm, pada rentang jam ke-11 sampai jam ke-19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat yang mengandung senyawa polar dan non polar dari tanaman lindur memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antibakteri. Abstract Lindur plant (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) is one type of mangrove plant that can grow in conditions of low salinity and good aeration. Lindur extract contains phytochemical compounds so that it has the potential to be applied as an antibacterial in the food and health sectors. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial potency of lindur plant leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The test method used was stratified extraction using maceration with n-hexane solvents, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extract obtained was then carried out phytochemical tests as well as antibacterial activity tests with the agar diffusion method. The results indicated that the yield of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract were 1,93%, 3,56%, and 7,36%. N-hexane extract contains steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids, ethyl acetate extract contains steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenol hydroquinone, and ethanol extract contains steroids, flavonoids, saponins, phenol hydroquinone, and tannins. The result also depicted that only in ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 8739. The highest effectiveness was observed in the S. aureus ATCC 6538 which belongs to Gram-positive bacteria, with a clear zone diameter ranging from 3-8 mm, in the range of the 11th to the 19th hour. This study concluded that that ethyl acetate extract containing polar and nonpolar compounds from lindur plants are potential to be developed as an antibacterial.

This study examines the classification and function of toponyms to reveal the local knowledge of Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area. This research uses anthropological linguistic theory. The data of this research are lexicon in toponyms based on local knowledge in the western Bandung-North area. The data is sourced from several community components consisting of village elders and ordinary people. The study incorporates four methods for data collection, which are participant observation, participatory conversation observation, interviews, and documentation. These techniques are chosen based on their ability to gather comprehensive, accurate, and reliable data. The results show that there are five classifications of toponyms, namely (1) hydrological-biological characteristics, (2) hydrological-state characteristics, (3) geomorphological-biological characteristics, (4) geomorphological-state characteristics, and (5) state characteristics. This research also shows that the lexicon in toponyms in the western Bandung-North area portrays the closeness of humans to nature, humans to humans, and humans to their God. In addition, Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area also have local knowledge about ethnoecology, which is recorded in the toponyms in the area. This local knowledge of ethnoecology has benefits as an effort to maintain the terrestrial ecosystem, which is one of the pillars of environmental development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Multilingual conditions can threaten the mother tongue in a tourism area because most people use other languages when interacting with tourists. Thus, it can hamper the inheritance of the mother tongue or even replace it with another language. This study used a sociolinguistic theoretical approach to measure the mother tongue’s vitality level in a multilingual community in Dieng, Central Java. This descriptive study used a mixed method. Data were collected from interviews with 53 informants and with the help of a research instrument namely the Interview Package of “Basa Urang”. Data were analyzed based on Miles dan Huberman’s model (1984), covering data collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The study results showed that the vitality of the mother tongue in the multilingual community in Dieng, Central Java is in the vulnerable category as the mother tongue is only used in the domestic domain. This is proven by the percentage level of mother tongue use based on patterns ‘with’, patterns ‘in’, and patterns ‘for’. The main factors causing the low vitality of the mother tongue in the multilingual community in this area are economic and educational. This study describes the condition of each living language in a multilingual society in Dieng, Central Jawa. This study provides quite large implications in describing the vitality of mother tongues in a multilingual society in Dieng, Central Java, but further studies are needed to get a deeper understanding of the implications.

Previous research states that viral marketing has an important role in increasing consumer purchasing intentions, viral marketing can also encourage increased brand awareness. This research aims to analyze the relationship between Viral marketing and purchasing decisions, Brand awareness and purchasing decisions, and Viral marketing and purchasing decisions. This research method is quantitative through surveys, research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires to 720 selected online shop customers in Indonesia using a simple random sampling method, and the online questionnaire was designed using statement items with a Likert scale of 1 to 7. Data analysis used a structural equation model based on covariance (CB-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 software to analyze research data. The independent variables are viral marketing and brand awareness, and the dependent variable is purchasing decisions. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing, model fit testing, and significance testing of hypothesis testing. The results of this research are that Viral marketing has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions, Brand awareness has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions, and Viral marketing has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions. Viral marketing is one of the factors that can influence purchase intentions. Viral marketing is expected to have multiple effects because many people who receive the message can convey it to tens or even hundreds of other internet users. Brand awareness can influence consumers toward purchasing decisions, which states that brand awareness has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan invers dari matriks RSLPFLcircfr bentuk khusus (b,0, …, 0,b) berordo n×n dengan n≥3 menggunakan matriks blok 2×2. Dalam menentukan invers matriks RSLPFLcircfr berbentuk khusus, terdapat tiga langkah yang dikerjakan. Pertama memblok atau mempartisi matriks RSLPFLcircfr dari ordo 3×3 sampai 8×8 dengan dua alternative cara blok. Kedua, menentukan invers submatriks yang invertible dengan menerapkan komplemen Schur lalu menentukan invers matriks RSLPFLcircfr dengan menerapkan kembali komplemen Schur. Ketiga, menentukan bentuk umum invers submatriks yang invertible dan bentuk umum matriks RSLPFLcircfr dan membuktikan dengan aturan invers lalu menerapkan pada contoh soal sesuai dengan Teorema.

Household waste management is an important aspect of sustainable living, which has an impact on environmental welfare and public health. However, the extent to which different socio-economic groups engage in responsible waste management practices varies widely, thereby contributing to broader issues of social inequality. This study investigates how family education, as a key determinant of individual behavior and decision making, influences inequality in waste management practices among various socio-economic groups. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, case studies and empirical data, the author highlights various aspects of social problems related to household waste. From the research results, it was found that 74.4% said that managing waste was easy, 98.5% said they knew how to choose organic and inorganic waste, 82.7% said they knew how to manage and utilize RT waste. However, 61.7% do not carry out real practice of sorting organic and inorganic waste at home independently. It was proven that 51.1% subscribed to rubbish officers in their area and 30.8% disposed of rubbish independently at rubbish dumps. This could be due to a lack of learning in the form of direct practice based on habituation education from home. Supporting this, 78.9% have never taken courses or training regarding the management and use of household waste. And 89.5% of people from the basic family level expressed the need for knowledge, skills and management in the community. These findings highlight the potential of family education programs to bridge the gap in waste management behavior among various socioeconomic strata. Such interventions can empower individuals and families with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement sustainable waste management practices, thereby contributing to a more equitable and environmentally conscious society.

Policy innovations made by the Cikolelet Village Government to become a tourist village and various village development efforts are efforts to overcome various problems faced by the village government and the community. The policy innovation is to change from underdeveloped villages to developing and advanced villages in 2021 according to the Village Development Index indicators. In 2017 Cikolelet Village was designated as the first tourist village in Serang Regency. Policy innovation is a major part of the transformation process or creating irreversible transformations based on a set of new order principles. Indicators of policy innovation, namely the creation stage, design stage and implementation stage according to Robert and King, are used as an analysis knife as well as innovation attributes according to Rogers to complete the description of Cikolelet Village Government's policy innovation in developing tourist villages. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Key informants consisted of the Cikolelet village head, Pokdarwis head Anindya Pramita, Bumdes director and Cikolelet village officials. Data analysis used source triangulation according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the innovation of tourism village development policies in Cikolelet Village has run optimally, marked by the achievement of the 2021 ADWI award as the Most Favorite Tourism Village and encouraging other tourism villages in Serang Regency to adopt Cikolelet Village's tourism development policy innovations.

This research aims to explore comprehensive information about the display system of the State University of Malang (UM) Educational Museum collection which contains material from a collection of historical objects from the past, as well as identifying the role and potential for the sustainability of educational museums as a source of historical learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach with exploratory study analysis. Data collection through field observations, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that the UM Education Museum's display system has its characteristics and strategies for conveying effective information to visitors. In various challenges of the times, the existence of the UM educational museum can play an important role as a source of historical learning for students and the beautiful exhibition layout can have an impact on the sustainability of the UM educational museum in the future. The implications of this research provide input for the UM Education Museum and other museums in Indonesia in presenting museum exhibition arrangements that support learning and culture as a whole. Apart from that, the results of this research provide a real contribution to increasing insight into the exhibition layout of the Education Museum for visitors.

Kendala geografis merupakan faktor utama terhambatnya distribusi PLN dalam memenuhi kebutuhan lsitrik masyarakat di Desa Jonggon Jaya, Kecamatan Loa Kulu, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegera. Sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Genset. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi alternatif bagi pengentasan masalah elektrifikasi dengan penerapan Teknologi PV-SHS (Photovoltaic-Solar Home System) yang memanfaatkan sumber energi matahari yang dikonversi langsung menjadi energi listrik. Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam merealisasikannya, diantaranya perakitan Sistem PV-SHS, uji fungsionalitas dan perhitungan perkiraan kebutuhan energi listrik sesuai kebutuhan sehari-hari. Perangkat Sistem PV-SHS yang dihasilkan merupakan perangkat modular yang terdiri dari modul PV, charge controller, inverter, dan sistem beban (loading) dalam bentuk perangkat yang kompatibel sebagai penghasil energi listrik. Hasil uji fungsionalitas menunjukkan bahwa pengujian kinerja Sistem PV-SHS berpotensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan di daerah ini. Selain itu, upaya untuk menekan biaya investasi dilakukan dengan perhitungan perkiraan kebutuhan energi listrik harian untuk menghindari terjadinya over-sizing pada perancangan dan implementasinya.

Sorghum contains a high level of tannins and is known to be anti-nutritional and give rise to an astringent flavour, so polishing is needed. This study aimed to characterize local light-brown waxy sorghum from Lamongan due to varying levels of polishing. An experimental procedure with five replications was used. The results showed that the weight of 1000 grains, seed volume, bulk density, and true density one-time polishing was 20.3109±0.3606 g, 0.016±0.000 ml, 0.755±0.015 g/ml, and 1.70±0.02 g/ml, respectively, whereas the two-time polishing was 12.6072±0.6172 g, 0.010±0.000 ml, 0.843±0,011 g/ml, and 1.67±0,02 g/ml, respectively. The sorghum seed size after one-time polishing was length 4.64±0,23 mm, width 2.98±0,17 mm, height 2.38±0,08 mm, and sphericity 69.04%, whereas after two-time polishing it was 2.90±0.12 mm, 2.89±0.09 mm, 1.84±0.11 mm, and 85.82%, respectively. More polishing resulted in a decrease in 1000 seed weight, hardness, volume, porosity, and true density of sorghum. The results also revealed that sorghum was red after one-time polishing and yellow-red after two-time polishing. Tannin content was 8971.59±42.87 mg/L and 915.88±11.64 mg/L, respectively for one-time and two-time polishing. Light-brown waxy sorghum from Lamongan should be polished two-time to be developed into flour and instant sorghum rice.

This study aims to determine the effect of inventory intensity, institutional ownership and transfer pricing on tax avoidance simultaneously and partially. This research was conducted with a population of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2021 totalling 104 companies. The sampling mechanism used a purposive sampling technique so that the sample obtained amounted to 85 samples. The research method used is an associative research method with a quantitative approach and uses secondary data. The results of this study found that inventory intensity, institutional ownership and transfer pricing simultaneously affect tax avoidance. Inventory Intensity affects tax avoidance partially, institutional ownership has no effect on tax avoidance partially and transfer pricing has no effect on tax avoidance partially.

The influence of elevation gradient has been investigated across different taxa. However, such studies are scarce for macrofungal communities. This study examined the community structure of Basidiomycota macrofungi across four elevations in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park, Indonesia. Macrofungi were collected from randomly placed five 10 x 10 m plots at each altitude and identified at the genus level. The results showed that there were 32 genera belonging to 20 families. The NMDS ordination and ANOSIM confirmed that macrofungal composition and abundance do not differ between the studied altitudinal ranges.

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada SMPN 10 Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh yang terjadi antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, partisipasi komite sekolah dan kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru serta dampaknya pada prestasi belajar siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 57 orang guru dan sampel ditentukan menggunakan teknik sensus jenuh sehingga jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 57 orang responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan memanfaatkan softwere SmartPLS versi 3.0. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kinerja guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru, partisipasi komite sekolah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru, kompetensi guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa melalui kinerja guru

This research aims to find out and analyze in depth the performance of academic supervision carried out by school principals in improving teacher performance at SMP N 1 Bengkalis. The research method uses qualitative data collection techniques using observation, interviews and conclusions. The results of the research show that in planning academic supervision, information was obtained that the principal always gave authority to teachers to appreciate their innovations in teaching. The principal also visited the teacher's room. In order to check directly the state of teacher development in preparing administration. Supervision of the implementation of supervision by the school principal uses the Sigum application where with this application teachers will be given the ease of uploading data and increasing the use of science and technology. The supervision activities that will be carried out by the school principal are well structured. The implementation of academic supervision by the principal does not reduce the assessment of the principal as a supervisor who helps teachers improve teacher performance. Coaching and training is one of the forms provided by school principals which is a manifestation not of judging teachers but rather directing teachers' skills to be more capable of innovation. Preparation of syllabus, prota, process, lesson plans and preparation of effective teaching hours. Apart from that, the principal provides direction to teachers in the form of motivation for teachers, which is able to provide encouragement to develop teacher performance in their respective competencies. The role of the principal to provide input, ideas or forms of warning is a good attitude to achieve educational progress at SMP N 1 Bengkalis. Academic supervision has been carried out by the school principal through many stages, such as direct coaching, face-to-face and online (on the network). The principal also provides maximum direction at the end of the evaluation. Because there will be visible deficiencies in the learning process. These deficiencies are used to process and analyze the evaluation results. Based on the results of interviews and observations, providing guidance on learning evaluation as a form of follow-up. This guidance is carried out directly by supervisors and school principals during the evaluation. If the principal and supervisory team find teachers who are having difficulty carrying out learning evaluations, the team will try to overcome this

Disclosure of carbon emissions has become a global issue amidst the increasing world climate. This issue becomes a tranding that can affect the company's performance supported by the company's environmental performance. This study aims to examine the role of environmental performance in the influence between the company's financial performance on the disclosure of carbon emissions. This research was conducted on Basic Industry and Chemical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The unit of analysis used in this study was 150 observation units. Data analysis uses multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that first: financial performance consisting of liquidity, profitability, leverage, and sales growth has a direct effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. However, the return on equity ratio has no effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. Second, the results show that the presence of environmental performance can not maximally encourage the disclosure of carbon emissions. Where the company can improve environmental performance if the company has better financial performance. This is indicated by the value of the direct effect of environmental performance has no effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. However, this research is limited to basic and chemical companies, so future research can expand to companies that have a direct impact on the environment.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has a wide range of effects on people's lives and posed a challenge for families. The goal of this research is to examine the relationship between family law and the 4.0 industrial revolution, as well as the Islamic family's reaction to the impact, the function of the family, and methods to defend the family in the face with it. This type of library study was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative technique. The study's findings indicate that the relationship between family law and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is very close, particularly in terms of moving the wheels of the economy, and that it has a favorable impact on those who know how to use it correctly. Create a detrimental influence on people who are lulled into abusing it. The effects on the family include family emphasis centered on pursuing pleasure, a lack of parental attention, excessive use of devices, the disintegration of a full family system, and materialistic existence. The family's role in mitigating the effects of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is to apply moral values, specifically: religious function, reproductive function, socio-cultural function, protection function, love and compassion function, economic function, socialization and education function, and environmental function. Families must also be able to establish norms and cultural standards, as well as cultivate media and information literacy and create democratic family communication patterns. While the solution is to promote a mutual understanding attitude, role actualization, reward presentation, good and effective communication, instilling positive discipline, and developing a quality generation. Keywords: Islamic Family, Revolution; Industrial 4.0 Abstrak Revolusi Industri 4.0 membawa berbagai dampak dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan menjadi tantangan bagi keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan Hukum Keluarga dengan Revolusi Industri 4.0, keluarga Islam dalam mensikapi dampak, peran keluarga dan solusi mempertahankan keluarga dalam menghadapinya. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dengan jenis library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan hukum keluarga dengan revolusi industri 4.0 sangat erat sekali terutama dalam menggerakan roda perekonomian dan dampak positif bagi mereka yang pandai memanfaatkannya dengan bijak. Melahirkan dampak negatif bagi mereka yang terlena menyalahgunakannya. dampak dalam keluarga antara lain: konsentrasi keluarga fokus mencari kesenangan, kurang perhatian orang tua, kecenderungan memakai gawai secara berlebihan, putusnya sistem keluarga yang utuh dan kehidupan materialistis. Peran keluarga dalam memberi perlindungan terhadap pengaruh Revolusi Industri 4.0 adalah menerapkan nilai-nilai moral (moral values) yaitu; fungsi agama, fungsi reproduksi, fungsi sosial budaya, fungsi perlindungan, fungsi cinta dan kasih sayang, fungsi ekonomi fungsi sosialisasi dan pendidikan, dan fungsi lingkungan. Keluarga juga harus mampu mengembangkan standar norma dan kultural, mengembangkan melek media dan informasi serta menanamkan pola komunikasi keluarga yang demokratis. Sedangkan solusinya ialah menumbuhkan sikap saling memahami, aktualisasi peran, menghadirkan penghargaan, komunikasi yang positif dan efektif, menanamkan sikap disiplin positif dan membangun generasi berkualitas. Kata kunci: Keluarga Islam, Revolusi; Indusri 4.0

Kekerasan seksual semakin sering terjadi dan didengar melalui media massa. Keluarga korban merupakan orang terdekat yang terkadang ikut disalahkan apabila kasus kekerasan seksual terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk melihat bagaimana gambaran dukungan sosial pada keluarga korban kekerasan seksual. Sampel penelitian ini ialah masyarakat yang didapatkan berdasarkan tehnik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 386 subyek. Adapun hasil penelitian yang didapatkan ialah mayoritas dukungan sosial yang diberikan adalah rendah. Namun apabila dilihat berdasarkan aspek bahwa dukungan Intrumental merupakan dukungan yang paling tinggi diberikan masyarakat kepada keluarga korban kekerasan seksual, ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memiliki keinginan untuk membantu keluarga secara langsung, saat keluarga korban membutuhkan pendampingan berupa bantuan kesehatan, hukum, maupun keuangan dan diikuti oleh dukungan informasi diberikan masyarakat kepada keluarga korban, agar lebih mengerti terkait kasus kekerasan seksual, pentingnya mengawasi anak dan melindungi anak serta memberi informasi terkait pendampingan yang dibutuhkan apabila terjadi kasus kekerasan serta dukungan emosi dan penghargaan yang diberikan masyarakat dengan tetap peduli, membangun rasa empati terhadap kesulitan keluarga korban dalam menghadapi cobaan ini. Dukungan persahabatan menunjukkan masyarakat belum menumbuhkan rasa persahabatan dengan keluarga korban kekerasan seksual karena tidak memiliki hubungan kelekatan, baik sebagai keluarga maupun sebagai saudara.