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Despite exhaled human breath having enabled noninvasive diabetes diagnosis, selective acetone vapor detection by fluorescence approach in the diabetic range (1.8–3.5 ppm) remains a long‐standing challenge. A set of water‐resistant luminescent metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based composites have been reported for detecting acetone vapor in the diabetic range with a limit of detection of 200 ppb. The luminescent materials possess the ability to selectively detect acetone vapor from a mixture comprising nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and alcohol vapor, which are prevalent in exhaled breath. It is noteworthy that this is the first luminescent MOF material capable of selectively detecting acetone vapor in the diabetic range via a turn‐on mechanism. The material can be reused within a matter of minutes under ambient conditions. Industrially pertinent electrospun luminescent fibers are likewise fabricated alongside various luminescent films for selective detection of ultratrace quantities of acetone vapor present in the air. Ab initio theoretical calculations combined with in situ synchrotron‐based dosing studies uncovered the material's remarkable hypersensitivity toward acetone vapor. Finally, a freshly designed prototype fluorescence‐based portable optical sensor is utilized as a proof‐of‐concept for the rapid detection of acetone vapor within the diabetic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to determine / assess the contamination of heavy metals in different six sites of Narmada River in Jabalpur region. The study was conducted during September, 2022 to February, 2023. Water samples of different Sites A to F were also assessed for presence of heavy metals by spot test. The results indicated the presence of heavy metals (Lead, Copper and Mercury) in the sites B and C. Results showed poor water quality of these sites due to the different anthropogenic activities. Twenty-four fishes (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different sites for histopathological study. Liver tissues were collected from all fishes. The liver tissues of fishes showed normal structure in control group (Site A). In the fishes of Site B, the liver showed necrosis of hepatocytes and vascular degenerations. In the fishes of Site C, the liver tissues showed hydropic vacuolation and necrosis. In the fishes of Site D, the liver sections showed congestion and central vein nuclear pyknosis. However, the liver tissue showed vacuolation, degenerative and necrotic changes in the fishes of Site E. Similarly, the liver tissues showed degenerations of hepatocytes and intravascular haemolysis in blood vessels in the fishes of Site F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution is the universal problem. Most important pollutants are the heavy metals in aquatic system because of their toxicity, accumulation and bio-magnification by aquatic organism. The present study was aimed to examine the toxicological effects of mercury (mercuric chloride, HgCl2 ) in Zebra fish. For Cytotoxic effect of mercury on Gill and Liver by histopathological study forty two fishes were divided in 7 groups, with each group consisted of six fishes. Group 1 (Normal Group) which served as control, was not administered with mercury (tested drug). However, groups 2 to 4 (Drug Toxicity Groups) were administered with mercury @ 250ìg, 500ìg and 750ìg/L, respectively for 30 days (4 week) and the same doses were administered to the fishes of groups 5, 6 and 7, respectively for 60 days (8 week). After the end of the experiments, all the fishes were sacrificed and the histopathology of gill and liver tissues were performed. At the 5th week (groups 2-4) Sections of the gill of fishes of groups 2, 3 and 4 showed necrosis, degeneration and Inflammatory cell inflammation with minimal congestion in primary gill lamellae. However, at the 9th week Section of the gills of fishes of groups 5, 6, and 7 showed necrosis of epithelial cells of secondary lamellae, degeneration and disruption of cartilaginous core and disruption of primary lamellae. On the 5th week Sections of the liver of fishes of groups 2, 3 and 4 showed congestion, vascular degeneration and mild sinusoidal congestion and necrosis in hepatocytes. On the 9th week Section of the liver of fishes of groups 5, 6 and 7 showed multifocal area of the hepatocytes necrosis. The results indicate that the toxicity of mercury is dose and time dependent, suggesting that mercury at higher dose for prolonged period causes more toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to assess the contamination of heavy metals in different six sites of Narmada River in Jabalpur region. The study was conducted during September, 2022 to February, 2023. Water samples were collected from different sites: Site A (Near Mangeli village, opposite site of Gwarighat), Site B (Khirnighat), Site C (Khandarinala), Site D (Gwarighat), Site E (Tilwaraghat) and Site F (Bhedhaghat) for the analysis of water chemical parameters viz., dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and total ammonia. Level of DO was found lower in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Site D to F and Site A. Levels of CO2 and total ammonia were observed higher in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Sites D to F and Site A, indicating more heavy metal contamination in sites B and C as compared to the site D, E and F. Water samples of different Sites A to F were also assessed for presence of heavy metals by spot test. The results indicated the presence of heavy metals (lead, copper and mercury) in the sites B and C. Results showed poor water quality of these sites due to the different anthropogenic activities. Twenty-four fishes (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different sites for histopathological study. Gill tissues were collected from all fishes. The gills tissues of fishes showed normal structure in control group (Site A). In the fishes of Site B, the gill section showed necrosis of epithelial cells of secondary gill lamellae. In the fishes of Site C, the gill section showed degeneration of gill lamellae and hyperplasia of chloride cells. In the fishes of Site D, the gill sections showed degenerative changes and disruption of primary gill lamellae. However, the gill tissues showed degeneration of gill lamellae and secondary gill lamellae in the fishes of Site E. Similarly, the gill tissues showed degeneration and disruption in the fishes of Site F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the association between time since scorpion bite and multiple bites and outcome of SA on patients posted for elective lower abdominal and lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Materials and Methods: This monocentric, prospective, single blind observational study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at Rajarshi Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College (RDASMC), Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The duration of the study was two years, from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 33 patients of any gender and age between 18-70 years were taken and divided them into three groups of 11 each. Groups were divided on the basis of history of duration since scorpion bite/sting. Group A included patients with history of scorpion bite being less than eight months, group B from 8-14 months and group C more than 14 months. SA was provided with 15 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The pin prick method and Bromage scale were used to detect the onst of sensory (T1), onset of motor (T2), peak of sensory (T3) and peak of motor block (T4). General Anaesthesia (GA) was given if the SA was found inadequate or failed. The mean±Standard Deviation (SD), Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The mean age of the study participants of group A was 49.27 years, group B was 50.27 years and group C was 52.18 years. Demographically, all the three groups were comparable. The authors have found that, block failed completely in group A. There was statistically significant increase of T1, T2, T3 and T4 in group B than group C (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference were not found between single scorpion bite and multiple scorpion bite in group B and group C in terms of SA characteristics T1, T2, T3 and T4 (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that, the duration of scorpion bite is a significant factor on the effect of SA in terms of sensory and motor block, but number of stings does not determine the sensory and motor characteristics of SA. The SA should not be given if, the history of scorpion bite is recent (less than eight months). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The supraglottic airway device (SAD) has proved to be an appropriate alternative to endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic surgeries owing to various advantages, namely, decreased airway manipulation and stable hemodynamics. Aims: We compared the efficacy in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) and safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Supreme (LMA-S), i-gel, and Baska mask in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Settings and Design: Ninety patients posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected for a prospective randomized comparative study in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The study comprised three groups of 30 each based on the different SADs used Group-LS with LMA-Supreme, Group-IG with i-gel, and Group-BM with Baska mask. The secondary objectives were device insertion time, ease of insertion, changes in the peak airway pressure (PAP), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and airway complications (sore throat, dysphagia. dysphonia, lip/tongue or dental injury, etc.) between three groups. Statistical Analysis: The quantitative data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison test. Qualitative data were compared using Chi-squared test. Results: OLP was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in the Baska mask than i-gel and LMA-S groups just after insertion and during carboperitonium. There was no significant difference in time for device insertion, number of attempts, ease of insertion, and use of manipulation (P > 0.05). However, the gastric tube insertion time was significantly lower in Group BM (9.59 ± 2.78) than Group IG with 12.79 ± 3.47 and Group LS with 10.84 ± 3.68 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to changes in the PAP, heart rate, mean arterial pressure at different time intervals, and complications. Conclusion: Baska mask provided a significantly higher OLP compared to i-gel and LMA-S without significant airway morbidity in laparoscopic surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oxygenation by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is being widely studied in the intensive care unit and operation theater settings. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of HFNC during fiberoptic intubation in terms of time taken and ease of intubation. Settings and Design: Randomized, prospective, and controlled study. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have recruited 40 patients according to the inclusion criteria (patient's body mass index [BMI] >22.99 kg.m−2 and patients with a history of stridor and/or obstructive sleep apnea) and after randomization divided them into two groups of 20 each – Group C: Intubation done with conventional fiberoptic after muscle relaxation and Group S: Intubation done with high flow nasal cannula during fiberoptic after muscle relaxation. We have observed and compared between the groups time taken for intubation, oxygen saturation during fiberoptic intubation, need of jaw thrust and difficulty in gliding endotracheal tube over fiberscope. Results: No significant difference was found in time taken for intubation, oxygen saturation, and need of jaw thrust (P > 0.05). We have found a significant difference in gliding of endotracheal tube over fiberscope (P = 0.001). Conclusion: We found high flow nasal cannula better and beneficial in patients with high BMI and having a history of stridor/obstructive sleep apnea for fiberoptic intubation after muscle relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder (FS) is the second most common disorder accounts for 15%–30% shoulder pain and functional disability. Suprascapular nerve (SSN) interventions with corticosteroid alone have shown limited duration efficacy, adding pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provides long-term relief. Aims and Objective: We aimed to analyze the efficacy of SSN intervention on pain relief and range of mobility in patients with FS. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional study of 37 patients of FS who underwent SSN interventions in a dedicated pain medicine unit of the department of anesthesiology. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients, who underwent SSN interventions for FS and followed for 6 months, were included in this study. Pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), range of motion (ROM) (17), and Oxford 12 point Shoulder Score (OSS) for functional outcomes were recorded. In the final analysis, two subsets of patients who underwent SSN steroid injection or SSN PRF plus steroid were found and compared using Student's t-test paired and independent with P < 0.05 considered significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: The patient population was demographically comparable. Mean VAS score and ROM improved at 1, 3, and 6 months to statistically significant. On comparing the subgroups, the VAS score and OSS in both the SI and PRF groups were significantly improved, but the PRF group showed highly significant improvement, showing better and sustained improvement in the PRF group. Conclusion: PRF with steroid injection of the SSN provides better and long-lasting relief from pain and improved mobility in FS patients in comparison to steroid alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Ventilator setting in the intensive care unit patients is a topic of debate and setting of tidal volume (TV) should be patient-specific based on lung mechanics. In this study, we have evaluated to develop optimal ventilator strategies through continuous and thorough monitoring of respiratory mechanics during ongoing ventilator support to prevent alveolar collapse and alveolar injury in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: In our monocentric, randomized, observational study, we had recruited 60 patients and divided them into two groups of 30 each. In Group 1 patients, TV and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were set according to pressure–volume (P/V) curve obtained by the mechanical ventilator in a conventional manner (control group), and in Group 2, TV and PEEP were set according to P/V curve obtained by the mechanical ventilator using intratracheal catheter. PEEP and TV were set accordingly. TV, PEEP, and PaO2/FiO2(P/F) ratio at days 1, 3, and 7, mortality within 7 days and mortality within 28 days were measured in each group and compared. Results: We found a significant difference between PEEP and P/F ratio in both groups while intragroup comparison at days 1, 3, and 7. After the intergroup comparison of Group 1 and 2, we observed a significant difference of PEEP and P/F ratio between the groups at day 7 and not on day 1 or 3. Conclusion: This study concludes that optimal PEEP is more accurate using an intratracheal catheter than the conventional method of deciding ventilator setting. Hence, it is recommended to use intratracheal catheter to obtain more accurate ventilator settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]