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The present study was undertaken to determine / assess the contamination of heavy metals in different six sites of Narmada River in Jabalpur region. The study was conducted during September, 2022 to February, 2023. Water samples of different Sites A to F were also assessed for presence of heavy metals by spot test. The results indicated the presence of heavy metals (Lead, Copper and Mercury) in the sites B and C. Results showed poor water quality of these sites due to the different anthropogenic activities. Twenty-four fishes (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different sites for histopathological study. Liver tissues were collected from all fishes. The liver tissues of fishes showed normal structure in control group (Site A). In the fishes of Site B, the liver showed necrosis of hepatocytes and vascular degenerations. In the fishes of Site C, the liver tissues showed hydropic vacuolation and necrosis. In the fishes of Site D, the liver sections showed congestion and central vein nuclear pyknosis. However, the liver tissue showed vacuolation, degenerative and necrotic changes in the fishes of Site E. Similarly, the liver tissues showed degenerations of hepatocytes and intravascular haemolysis in blood vessels in the fishes of Site F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution is the universal problem. Most important pollutants are the heavy metals in aquatic system because of their toxicity, accumulation and bio-magnification by aquatic organism. The present study was aimed to examine the toxicological effects of mercury (mercuric chloride, HgCl2 ) in Zebra fish. For Cytotoxic effect of mercury on Gill and Liver by histopathological study forty two fishes were divided in 7 groups, with each group consisted of six fishes. Group 1 (Normal Group) which served as control, was not administered with mercury (tested drug). However, groups 2 to 4 (Drug Toxicity Groups) were administered with mercury @ 250ìg, 500ìg and 750ìg/L, respectively for 30 days (4 week) and the same doses were administered to the fishes of groups 5, 6 and 7, respectively for 60 days (8 week). After the end of the experiments, all the fishes were sacrificed and the histopathology of gill and liver tissues were performed. At the 5th week (groups 2-4) Sections of the gill of fishes of groups 2, 3 and 4 showed necrosis, degeneration and Inflammatory cell inflammation with minimal congestion in primary gill lamellae. However, at the 9th week Section of the gills of fishes of groups 5, 6, and 7 showed necrosis of epithelial cells of secondary lamellae, degeneration and disruption of cartilaginous core and disruption of primary lamellae. On the 5th week Sections of the liver of fishes of groups 2, 3 and 4 showed congestion, vascular degeneration and mild sinusoidal congestion and necrosis in hepatocytes. On the 9th week Section of the liver of fishes of groups 5, 6 and 7 showed multifocal area of the hepatocytes necrosis. The results indicate that the toxicity of mercury is dose and time dependent, suggesting that mercury at higher dose for prolonged period causes more toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to assess the contamination of heavy metals in different six sites of Narmada River in Jabalpur region. The study was conducted during September, 2022 to February, 2023. Water samples were collected from different sites: Site A (Near Mangeli village, opposite site of Gwarighat), Site B (Khirnighat), Site C (Khandarinala), Site D (Gwarighat), Site E (Tilwaraghat) and Site F (Bhedhaghat) for the analysis of water chemical parameters viz., dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and total ammonia. Level of DO was found lower in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Site D to F and Site A. Levels of CO2 and total ammonia were observed higher in the Site B and Site C as compared to the Sites D to F and Site A, indicating more heavy metal contamination in sites B and C as compared to the site D, E and F. Water samples of different Sites A to F were also assessed for presence of heavy metals by spot test. The results indicated the presence of heavy metals (lead, copper and mercury) in the sites B and C. Results showed poor water quality of these sites due to the different anthropogenic activities. Twenty-four fishes (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from different sites for histopathological study. Gill tissues were collected from all fishes. The gills tissues of fishes showed normal structure in control group (Site A). In the fishes of Site B, the gill section showed necrosis of epithelial cells of secondary gill lamellae. In the fishes of Site C, the gill section showed degeneration of gill lamellae and hyperplasia of chloride cells. In the fishes of Site D, the gill sections showed degenerative changes and disruption of primary gill lamellae. However, the gill tissues showed degeneration of gill lamellae and secondary gill lamellae in the fishes of Site E. Similarly, the gill tissues showed degeneration and disruption in the fishes of Site F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia is an essential biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of liver malfunction. Therefore, selective detection of ammonia is essential for medical application. Here, we demonstrate a portable device to selectively detect sub-ppm ammonia gas. The presented gas sensor is composed of a Pt coating on top of an ultrathin Indium nitrite (InN) epilayer with a lower detection limit of 0.2 ppm, at operating temperature of 200 °C, and detection time of 1 min. The sensor connected with the external filter of nonpolar 500 CS silicone oil to diagnose liver malfunction. The absorption of 0.7 ppm acetone and 0.4 ppm ammonia gas in 10 cc silicone oil is 80% (0.56 ppm) and 21.11% (0.084 ppm), respectively, with a flow rate of 10 cc/min at 25 °C. The absorption of acetone gas is 6.66-fold higher as compared to ammonia gas. The percentage variation in response for 0.7 ppm ammonia and 0.7 ppm acetone with and without silicone oil on InN sensor is 17.5% and 4%, and 22.5%, and 14% respectively. Furthermore, the percentage variation in response for 0.7 ppm ammonia gas with silicone oil on InN sensor is 4.3-fold higher than that of 0.7 ppm acetone. The results show that the InN sensor is suitable for diagnosis of liver malfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]