Search

Over the years, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically, which has led to serious problems such as traffic jams, accidents, and many other problems, as cities turn into smart cities. In recent years, traffic jams have become one of the main challenges for engineers and designers to create an intelligent traffic management system capable of effectively detecting and reducing the overall density of traffic in most urban areas. This paper presents an intelligent traffic control system to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special RFID tag (placed at a strategic location), which makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader, NSK EDK-125–TTL and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. It also determines the network congestion, and hence the green light duration for that path. If the RFID-tag-read belongs to the stolen vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room. Also, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system-on-chip for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller. The prototype was tested under different combinations of inputs in our wireless communication laboratory and experimental results were found as expected. Keywords: ZigBee, CC2500, GSM, SIM300, PIC16F877A, Ambulance Vehicle, Stolen Vehicle, Congestion Control, Traffic Junction.

In the growing field of autonomous driving, minimizing human errors lead to fatal accidents. Many companies and research groups have been working for years to achieve a fully autonomous vehicle. Self-driving cars are inevitably the future. The system to be implemented is to train and directly translate images from three cameras to steering commands. The proposed method is expected to work on local roads with or without lane markings. With just the images generated and the human steering angle as the training signal, the proposed method is expected to automatically recognize important road characteristics. A simulator (Udacity) is used to generate data for the proposed model.

Purpose Patients suffering from cardiovascular autonomic failure often develop neurogenic supine hypertension (nSH), i.e., high blood pressure (BP) in the supine position, which falls in the upright position owing to impaired autonomic regulation. A committee was formed to reach consensus among experts on the definition and diagnosis of nSH in the context of cardiovascular autonomic failure. Methods As a first and preparatory step, a systematic search of PubMed-indexed literature on nSH up to January 2017 was performed. Available evidence derived from this search was discussed in a consensus expert round table meeting in Innsbruck on February 16, 2017. Statements originating from this meeting were further discussed by representatives of the American Autonomic Society and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies and are summarized in the document presented here. The final version received the endorsement of the European Academy of Neurology and the European Society of Hypertension. Results In patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, nSH is defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, measured after at least 5 min of rest in the supine position. Three severity degrees are recommended: mild, moderate and severe. nSH may also be present during nocturnal sleep, with reduced-dipping, non-dipping or rising nocturnal BP profiles with respect to mean daytime BP values. Home BP monitoring and 24-h-ambulatory BP monitoring provide relevant information for a customized clinical management. Conclusions The establishment of expert-based criteria to define nSH should standardize diagnosis and allow a better understanding of its epidemiology, prognosis and, ultimately, treatment.

Supine hypertension commonly occurs in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure. Supine hypertension promotes nocturnal sodium excretion and orthostatic hypotension, thus, interfering with quality of life. Perusal of the literature on essential hypertension and smaller scale investigations in autonomic failure patients also suggest that supine hypertension may predispose to cardiovascular and renal disease. These reasons provide a rationale for treating supine hypertension. Yet, treatment of supine hypertension, be it through nonpharmacological or pharmacological approaches, may exacerbate orthostatic hypotension when patients get up during the night. Fall-related complications may occur. More research is needed to define the magnitude of the deleterious effects of supine hypertension on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal morbidity and mortality. Integration of more precise cardiovascular risk assessment, efficacy, and safety data, and the prognosis of the underlying condition causing autonomic failure is required for individualized management recommendations. © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose: Patients suffering from cardiovascular autonomic failure often develop neurogenic supine hypertension (nSH), i.e., high blood pressure (BP) in the supine position, which falls in the upright position owing to impaired autonomic regulation. A committee was formed to reach consensus among experts on the definition and diagnosis of nSH in the context of cardiovascular autonomic failure. Methods: As a first and preparatory step, a systematic search of PubMed-indexed literature on nSH up to January 2017 was performed. Available evidence derived from this search was discussed in a consensus expert round table meeting in Innsbruck on February 16, 2017. Statements originating from this meeting were further discussed by representatives of the American Autonomic Society and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies and are summarized in the document presented here. The final version received the endorsement of the European Academy of Neurology and the European Society of Hypertension. Results: In patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, nSH is defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, measured after at least 5 min of rest in the supine position. Three severity degrees are recommended: mild, moderate and severe. nSH may also be present during nocturnal sleep, with reduced-dipping, non-dipping or rising nocturnal BP profiles with respect to mean daytime BP values. Home BP monitoring and 24-h-ambulatory BP monitoring provide relevant information for a customized clinical management. Conclusions: The establishment of expert-based criteria to define nSH should standardize diagnosis and allow a better understanding of its epidemiology, prognosis and, ultimately, treatment. © 2018, The Author(s).

Supine hypertension commonly occurs in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure. Supine hypertension promotes nocturnal sodium excretion and orthostatic hypotension, thus, interfering with quality of life. Perusal of the literature on essential hypertension and smaller scale investigations in autonomic failure patients also suggest that supine hypertension may predispose to cardiovascular and renal disease. These reasons provide a rationale for treating supine hypertension. Yet, treatment of supine hypertension, be it through nonpharmacological or pharmacological approaches, may exacerbate orthostatic hypotension when patients get up during the night. Fall-related complications may occur. More research is needed to define the magnitude of the deleterious effects of supine hypertension on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal morbidity and mortality. Integration of more precise cardiovascular risk assessment, efficacy, and safety data, and the prognosis of the underlying condition causing autonomic failure is required for individualized management recommendations.

Roy Freeman • Wouter Wieling • Felicia B. Axelrod • David G. Benditt • Eduardo Benarroch • Italo Biaggioni • William P. Cheshire • Thomas Chelimsky • Pietro Cortelli • Christopher H. Gibbons • David S. Goldstein • Roger Hainsworth • Max J. Hilz • Giris Jacob • Horacio Kaufmann • Jens Jordan • Lewis A. Lipsitz • Benjamin D. Levine • Phillip A. Low • Christopher Mathias • Satish R. Raj • David Robertson • Paola Sandroni • Irwin Schatz • Ron Schondorff • Julian M. Stewart • J. Gert van Dijk