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Background and Aims: Cancer therapy is one of the most researched upon medical field in the world. Non invasive technologies such as liquid biopsy are gaining more importance in cancer therapy because of their manifold advantages over traditional invasive biopsy methods. Liquid biopsy is used to analyze nucleic acids such as ctDNA, cfDNA and RNA, cellular and subcellular components such as proteins, extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor cells in various biological fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid and ascites fluid for diagnosis of cancer., Methods: Liquid biopsy has a wide range of applications such as assessment of residual diseases and tumors which cannot be biopsied easily and prediction of CAR-T response and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It can also be used to know the efficacy of cancer drugs in a patient by analyzing multiple samples. Liquid biopsy is becoming more popular as it allows biopsy of those samples in which solid tumor biopsies are challenging or impracticable., Techniques and Results: To achieve comprehensive insight on the status of cancer in a patient, various cutting edge liquid biopsy techniques have been developed. Microfluidics and photonic technologies, along with PCR, next generation sequencing, advanced and innovative molecular and cell biology approaches and imaging techniques have expanded the domain of liquid biopsy and elevated the accuracy of liquid biopsy results., Conclusion: This review discusses about the contributions of some widely used methods along with microfluidics and photonic technologies in detection of cancer biomarkers by liquid biopsy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

While the traditional method is a biopsy of the potential tumor tissue, more non-invasive methods have been developed such as the liquid biopsy. It is an emerging, powerful cancer detection method that is used for molecular profiling of tumours apart from tissue-specific biopsy. It involves the analysis of free, circulating tumor genetic material and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are found in the fluids of the patient. This analysis helps to detect the abnormal genetic anomalies associated with the various forms of cancer as well as identify mutations corresponding to specific tumours. It is an upcoming method of diagnostics applied in the field of precision oncology that helps overcome the limitations of the traditional biopsy. It can interrogate and look through difficult-to-biopsy tumours and also aid in early cancer detection. Sequencing techniques help in building databases with different information on mutations in the genetic as well as epigenetic levels. In this review, we understand the role of liquid biopsy as not only a diagnostic tool but its role in therapeutics and its potential in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive hematopoietic disorder of infancy and early childhood driven by constitutively active RAS signaling and characterized by abnormal proliferation of the granulocytic-monocytic blood cell lineage. Most JMML patients require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cure, but the risk of relapse is high for some JMML subtypes. Azacitidine was shown to effectively reduce leukemic burden in a subset of JMML patients. However, variable response rates to azacitidine and the risk of drug resistance highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Since RAS signaling is known to interfere with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, we combined various BH3 mimetic drugs with azacitidine in our previously established patient-derived xenograft model. We demonstrate that JMML cells require both MCL-1 and BCL-X L for survival, and that these proteins can be effectively targeted by azacitidine and BH3 mimetic combination treatment. In vivo azacitidine acts via downregulation of antiapoptotic MCL-1 and upregulation of proapoptotic BH3-only. The combination of azacitidine with BCL-X L inhibition was superior to BCL-2 inhibition in eliminating JMML cells. Our findings emphasize the need to develop clinically applicable MCL-1 or BCL-X L inhibitors in order to enable novel combination therapies in JMML refractory to standard therapy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Novel HLA-C*06:02:01:94 and -C*15:02:01:58 alleles were detected during the routine HLA typing process., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-B*15:665 and HLA-C*12:02:02:23 alleles were detected during the routine HLA typing process., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-A*01:01:01:111 allele was detected during routine HLA typing., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-B*40:01:02:59 and HLA-C*05:01:73 alleles were detected during the routine HLA typing process., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Novel HLA-A*33:03:62, -B*52:01:01:25 alleles and confirmatory HLA-A*02:01:209 allele were detected during the HLA typing process., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel allele, HLA-B*40:02:01:39 differs from the HLA-B*40:02:01:01 allele by a single nucleotide change at gDNA position 700., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel allele HLA-A*24:02:01:136 as compared with HLA-A*24:02:01:01 displays a single nucleotide polymorphism at position; gDNA 2827 (C > A)., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel allele HLA-B*37:01:01:19 differs from B*37:01:01:01 by one nucleotide A->G in Intron 3 at gDNA1430., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

HLA-DPA1*02:82 differs from DPA1*02:01:01:02 by a single nucleotide at gDNA 4890 in exon 4., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel alleles HLA-A*68:175:02 and -A*68:287 each differ from -A*68:01:02:02 by a single nucleotide., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

A novel HLA-B*07:461 and an extended HLA-C*15:193 allele were detected during routine HLA typing process., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel allele HLA-C*04:01:01:129 as compared to HLA-C*04:01:01:01 displays polymorphism at two positions; gDNA 2905 (C → T) and 2910 (T → A)., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel allele HLA-DPB1*02:01:61 as compared with HLA-DPB1*02:01:02 displays polymorphism by a single nucleotide at gDNA 9011 C->T., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-B*51:01:01:83 allele differs from HLA-B*51:01:01:01 by A- > G nucleotide substitution at gDNA 2569., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-B*52:01:01:18 allele differs from HLA-B*52:01:01:02 by A→C nucleotide change at gDNA -155., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-B*13:02:01:18 allele differs from HLA-B*13:02:01:01 by A->G nucleotide change at gDNA 2477., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-C*04:01:01:102 allele differs from HLA-C*04:01:01:01 by G → A nucleotide change at gDNA 2591., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-C*14:02:01:22 allele differs from HLA-C*14:02:01:01 by a nucleotide change at gDNA -156 C → T., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The novel HLA-A*24:537 allele differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by a nucleotide change at gDNA 294 C → T., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: In recent years, agro-bionanotechnology has paved the way towards revolutionizing current practices in the food and agricultural fields. In the present study, the effect of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) alone and in combination with the growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica on 2-week-old seedlings of Cajanus cajan was evaluated. Gelatin-coated stable CuNPs were synthesized by the chemical reduction method using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent., Results: CuNPs were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential measurement and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles were found to be quite spherical with a diameter within the range 40 ± 10 nm. After the application of CuNPs and P. indica to the host plant C. cajan, the vitality of plants was determined using a Handy-PEA (plant efficiency analyzer) instrument. Handy-PEA analysis (which measures chlorophyll a fluorescence) indicated that seedlings inoculated with a combination of CuNPs and P. indica were the healthiest and also showed maximum vitality as compared to seedlings inoculated with CuNPs or P. indica alone., Conclusion: These results suggest that CuNPs in combination with P. indica can serve as a nanobiofertilizer for enhancement of the growth and productivity of C. cajan. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.)