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Here, we present the complete genome of a plant growth-promoting strain, Bacillus stratosphericus AIMST-CREST02 isolated from the bulk soil of a high-yielding paddy plot. The genome is 3,840,451 bp in size with a GC content of 41.25%. Annotation predicted the presence of 3,907 coding sequences, including genes involved in auxin biosynthesis regulation and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism.

In the present study, the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Euphaea ochracea was described and its phylogenetic position in the family Euphaeidae was analyzed. Here, we recovered 13 proteincoding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and a partial control region, resulting in a mitogenome length of 15,545bp. All protein-coding genes were initiated by the typical ATN codon except nad3 and nad1, which utilizes the TTG codon. Four protein-coding genes (cox1, cox2, cox3 and nad5) are terminated by an incomplete stop codon T, while others end with either a TAA or TAG codon. The intergenic spacer region, S5, is absent in this mitogenome, supporting the lack of this region as a specific character in damselflies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly sequenced E. ochracea is phylogenetically closer to E. ornata with a high support value.

The Great Marquis or Bassarona dunya is a butterfly species commonly found in the tropical regions of Asia, America, and Africa. This butterfly is a member of the subfamily Limenitidinae and the classifica-tion within this subfamily has been unstable. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of B. danya sampled from Malaysia. The mitogenome is 15,242 by long, comprising a set of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and an A ±T rich region. All PCGs were initiated by the typical ATN codon, except for COX1 which started with a CGA start codon. Nine PCGs were terminated with a TAA or TAG stop codon, while COX1, COX2, NAD4, and NAD5 ended with an incomplete T. The 12S and 165 rRNAs were 716 by and 1269 by in length, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of B. dunya within Limenitidinae with a high support value.

Ischyja marapok is a moth species from the genus Ischyja, a member of the Lepidoptera family, Erebidae. Due to their wide variation, this family constitutes the largest described species, however, the mitogenome dataset on the genus Ischyja is scarce. Hence, the mitochondrial genome dataset of Ischyja marapok from Malaysia was completely sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology, Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and analyzed. The mitogenome has a sequence length of 15,421 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and a control region. The mitogenome is A + T biased (80.6%), with the base composition of A (39.2%), T (41.4%), C (11.9%) and G (7.5%). Among the 13 PCGs, 12 were initiated by the standard ATN codon, except for COX1 which utilizes the CGA start codon. Two PCGs were terminated with an incomplete stop codon T, while others ended with a TAA codon. Phylogenetic tree analyses showed that the sequenced I. marapok resides within the Erebinae subfamily and is closely related to Ischyja manlia (MW664367) with high bootstrap support and posterior probabilities. This dataset presented the mitogenome data of I. marapok from Malaysia, which is valuable for further research of their phylogeny and the diversification of the Ischyja genus. Also, this dataset can be implemented and used as references to assess environmental changes in the terrestrial ecosystem via environmental DNA approaches. The mitogenome of I. marapok is available in GenBank under the accession number ON165249.

We have successfully characterized the complete genome sequence of the lytic Dickeya solani bacteriophage W2B, isolated from the Bunus Sewage Treatment Plant. The lytic phage from the Ningirsuvirus family has a 40,385-bp linear double-stranded DNA genome containing 51 coding sequences (CDSs).

We characterized the complete genome of the lytic Enterococcus faecalis phage EFKL, which was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The phage, which was classified in the genus Saphexavirus, has a 58,343-bp double-stranded DNA genome containing 97 protein-encoding genes and shares 80.60% nucleotide similarity with Enterococcus phage EF653P5 and Enterococcus phage EF653P3.We characterized the complete genome of the lytic Enterococcus faecalis phage EFKL, which was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The phage, which was classified in the genus Saphexavirus, has a 58,343-bp double-stranded DNA genome containing 97 protein-encoding genes and shares 80.60% nucleotide similarity with Enterococcus phage EF653P5 and Enterococcus phage EF653P3.

The Great Marquis or Bassarona dunya is a butterfly species commonly found in the tropical regions of Asia, America, and Africa. This butterfly is a member of the subfamily Limenitidinae and the classifica-tion within this subfamily has been unstable. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of B. danya sampled from Malaysia. The mitogenome is 15,242 by long, comprising a set of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and an A ±T rich region. All PCGs were initiated by the typical ATN codon, except for COX1 which started with a CGA start codon. Nine PCGs were terminated with a TAA or TAG stop codon, while COX1, COX2, NAD4, and NAD5 ended with an incomplete T. The 12S and 165 rRNAs were 716 by and 1269 by in length, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of B. dunya within Limenitidinae with a high support value.

In the present study, the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Euphaea ochracea was described and its phylogenetic position in the family Euphaeidae was analyzed. Here, we recovered 13 proteincoding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and a partial control region, resulting in a mitogenome length of 15,545bp. All protein-coding genes were initiated by the typical ATN codon except nad3 and nad1, which utilizes the TTG codon. Four protein-coding genes (cox1, cox2, cox3 and nad5) are terminated by an incomplete stop codon T, while others end with either a TAA or TAG codon. The intergenic spacer region, S5, is absent in this mitogenome, supporting the lack of this region as a specific character in damselflies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly sequenced E. ochracea is phylogenetically closer to E. ornata with a high support value.

Salmonella infections across the globe are becoming more challenging to control due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Lytic phages may be suitable alternatives for treating these multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. Most Salmonella phages to date were collected from human-impacted environments. To further explore the Salmonella phage space, and to potentially identify phages with novel characteristics, we characterized Salmonella-specific phages isolated from the Penang National Park, a conserved rainforest. Four phages with a broad lytic spectrum (kills >5 Salmonella serovars) were further characterized; they have isometric heads and cone-shaped tails, and genomes of similar to 39,900 bp, encoding 49 CDSs. As the genomes share a

Lactococcus lactis is a beneficial lactic acid bacterium commonly studied for its probiotic properties and role in dairy production. Here, we present a complete genome of Lactococcus lactis D1_2, isolated from peat swamp forests. To discover the potential antimicrobial properties, the complete genome of the strain was sequenced and analyzed.

We characterized the draft genome of the potentially beneficial Bacillus tropicus strain UPM-CREST01, which was isolated from the bulk soil at a paddy cultivation area in Kampung Gajah, Perak, Malaysia. The final draft assembly of 5,252,705 bp, with a G+C content of 35.23%, was found to harbor 5,368 coding sequences, including several plant-growth-promoting genes.

The Great Marquis or Bassarona dunya is a butterfly species commonly found in the tropical regions of Asia, America, and Africa. This butterfly is a member of the subfamily Limenitidinae and the classifica-tion within this subfamily has been unstable. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of B. danya sampled from Malaysia. The mitogenome is 15,242 by long, comprising a set of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and an A ±T rich region. All PCGs were initiated by the typical ATN codon, except for COX1 which started with a CGA start codon. Nine PCGs were terminated with a TAA or TAG stop codon, while COX1, COX2, NAD4, and NAD5 ended with an incomplete T. The 12S and 165 rRNAs were 716 by and 1269 by in length, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of B. dunya within Limenitidinae with a high support value.

We characterized the complete genome of a lytic Dickeya chrysanthemi bacteriophage, DchS19, which was isolated from a soil sample in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. The phage, from the Autographviridae family, has a 39,149-bp double-stranded DNA genome containing 49 protein-coding genes and shares 94.65% average nucleotide identity with Erwinia phage pEp_SNUABM_12.

The characterization of therapeutic phage genomes plays a crucial role in the success rate of phage therapies. There are three checkpoints that need to be examined for the selection of phage candidates, namely, the presence of temperate markers, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence genes. However, currently, no single-step tools are available for this purpose. Hence, we have developed a tool capable of checking all three conditions required for the selection of suitable therapeutic phage candidates. This tool consists of an ensemble of machine-learning-based predictors for determining the presence of temperate markers (integrase, Cro/CI repressor, immunity repressor, DNA partitioning protein A, and antirepressor) along with the integration of the ABRicate tool to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes. Using the biological features of the temperate markers, we were able to predict the presence of the temperate markers with high MCC scores (>0.70), corresponding to the lifestyle of the phages with an accuracy of 96.5%. Additionally, the screening of 183 lytic phage genomes revealed that six phages were found to contain AMR or virulence genes, showing that not all lytic phages are suitable to be used for therapy. The suite of predictors, PhageLeads, along with the integrated ABRicate tool, can be accessed online for in silico selection of suitable therapeutic phage candidates from single genome or metagenomic contigs.

We characterized the complete genome sequence of the lytic Salmonella enterica bacteriophage PRF-SP1, isolated from Penang National Park, a conserved rainforest in northern Malaysia. The novel phage species from the Autographiviridae family has a 39,966-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome containing 49 protein-encoding genes and shares 90.96% similarity with Escherichia phage DY1.

We characterized the complete genome sequence of the lytic Salmonella enterica bacteriophage PRF-SP1, isolated from Penang National Park, a conserved rainforest in northern Malaysia. The novel phage species from the Autographiviridae family has a 39,966-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome containing 49 protein-encoding genes and shares 90.96% similarity with Escherichia phage DY1.

The rubber industry is projected to increase to RM53 billion or USD1.3 billion of gross national income by 2020 in Malaysia (Malaysian Rubber Board 2009). Introductions of superclones with high yield potential such as RRIM 3001 are among the efforts to improve latex yield as well as timber yields. Superclone RRIM 3001, mostly cultivated by smallholders, yields about 3 tons of natural rubber latex per hectare per year. During September 2017, trunk bulging occurrences were observed in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) RRIM 3001 superclone in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. These bulges appeared in different sizes and were similar to tumor-like bacteriosis on the whole trunk. Other symptoms were also observed, including depressed canker wounds with different sizes at the tapping zone and large bleeding lesions on the trunk and branches of the rubber trees. Symptomatic bark tissue of various rubber trees was collected at 1.52 m by using a sterile knife. The infected tissues were cut approximately at 0.5 × 0.5 cm, surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite, and washed two times in sterilized water. The tissues were mashed using pestle and mortar, shaken for 15 min in sterilized water, streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) medium, and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. From 15 putative strains, three potential strains (SM1, SM2, and SM3) were chosen for further characterization. Bacterial colonies were gram-positive, motile, endospore formers, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and produced a whitish pigment on NA medium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with 16S rRNA and Bsub-specific primers (Wattiau et al. 2001) was performed, and the products were sequenced. BLASTn analysis of both genes revealed that all strains were 99% identical to Bacillus pumilus strains M3 (GenBank accession no. MF461325) and PS23 (GenBank accession no. KP89557). The nucleotide sequences were later deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MH401100 to MH401102 for 16 rRNA gene and MH428001 to M