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Background: Thalassemia syndomes are the most common genetic disorder on world wide basis . The selective pressures that have made the thalassemias so common are known but are assumed to relate to the geographic distrubution of malaria. Material & Methods: This was Prospective study conducted in the department of pediatrics in a teriary care hospital. The patients who had received m ore than 50 blood transfusions are considerd as multiple transfusion. Result: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study 90 % of patients were under 15 years of age male, female ratio was 1.27:1. The prevelance of thalassemia syndrome was common in sindhis and punjabis pupulation. Conculsion: The blood should be always screened for viral maricers, HIV and other blood born infections all thallsemai patients should be immunized with hepatitis B vaccine if patients are screnegative for HIV infection.

Aim: It is very difcult to nd veins and also seems unethical to withdraw blood daily in a preterm baby for the monitoring of jaundice during the course of phototherapy. So it becomes essential that we nd out a method which is non-invasive and at the same time accurate to assess jaundice. Jaundice is the most common morbidity in the rst week of life, reported in 60% of term, 80% of preterm (1, 2) & also being the commonest cause of readmission. Materials and Method: Study was planned to assess the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin in comparison to total serum bilirubin in premature jaundiced neonates of gestational age (28-32 weeks v/s 32-37 weeks) during phototherapy. Result: Study has demonstrated reliability of TCB measurements in preterm infants during phototherapy. Gestational age, comorbidities and risk factors for jaundice did not inuence the correlation. Summary: This study reveals that Transcutaneous Bilirubin Estimation by bilirubin meter can be used as a non-invasive method for monitoring of jaundice treatment during phototherapy in preterm neonates.