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Excessive fluoride (F) is introduced into the water either by natural phenomenon or by industrial effluents. However, F in adequate amounts is necessary for sustaining good dental health. Contrarily, F concentrations in drinking water surpassing 1.5 mg/L may, nevertheless, be harmful to human health. F pollution in drinking water is a serious and challenging problem that affects people all over the world. Adsorption appears to be an effective, environmentally beneficial, and cost-effective approach to eliminating excessive F from drinking water in the present day. In this study, Moringa oleifera seed powder was employed as a natural adsorbent for defluoridation. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved for water with pH of 7.0, 1 mg/L of initial F concentration, contact time of 120 min, and adsorbent dose of 200 mg/L. SEM and FTIR were used to determine the structure, morphology, and other chemical composition features of the prepared M. oleifera seed powder. This work is anticipated to be readily implemented in real-time F elimination. HIGHLIGHTS The Moringa oleifera seeds were collected locally to determine the adsorption capacity.; Compared to other natural bio sorbents, M. oleifera seeds are edible, and there is not much health impacts.; The M. oleifera seeds are dried in hot air oven at suitable temperatures.; All parameters were analyzed before and after treatment and changes produced by the adsorbent was evaluated for each of parameters.;

In the current work, Response Surface Methodology (RSM)—a statistical method—is used to optimize procedures like photocatalysis with the least amount of laboratory testing. However, to determine the most effective model for achieving the maximum rate of removal efficiency, the Response Surface Methodology was employed. The Ba-doped BiFeO3 photocatalyst was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and its intrinsic properties were investigated by utilizing a range of spectroscopic techniques, such as FESEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV–vis. Herein, four independent factors such as, pH, contact time, pollutant concentration, and catalyst dosage were chosen. The results revealed that under acidic conditions with a contact duration of 2 min, a moderate catalyst dosage, and higher pollutant concentration, a degradation rate of 89.8% was achieved. The regression coefficient (R2) and probability value (P) were determined to be 0.99551 and 0.0301, respectively, therefore confirming the excellent fit of the RSM model. Furthermore, this research investigated the potential photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of cefixime, demonstrating that the removal efficiency of cefixime is greatly influenced by the functional parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic degradation, as an advanced oxidation process (AOPs), offers a great advantage to target persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water. RSM in the present study which is statistical means for optimizing processes like photocatalysis with minimum laboratory experimentation. RSM has a history of being a potent design experiment tool for creating new processes, modifying their designs, and optimizing their performances. Herein, a highly sought-after, easily preparable, visible-light active, copper bismuth oxide (CuBi2O4) is applied against a toxic emerging contaminant, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under an LED light source (viible light λ > 420 nm). A simple coprecipitation method was adopted to synthesize CuBi2O4 and later analyzed with FESEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and spectroscopy to determine its intrinsic properties. Principally, the photocatalytic degradation investigations were based on response surface methodology (RSM), which is a commanding tool in the optimization of the processes. The 2,4-DCP concentration (pollutant loading), CuBi2O4 dosage (catalyst dosge), contact time, and pH were the chosen as dependent factors, that were optimized. However, under optimal conditions, the CuBi2O4 nanoparticle showed a remarkable photocatalytic performance of 91.6% at pH = 11.0 with a pollutant concentration of 0.5 mg/L and a catalyst dose of 5 mg/L within 8 h. The obtained RSM model showed a satisfactory correlation between experimental and predicted values of 2,4-DCP removal, with an agreeable probability value (p) of 0.0069 and coefficient of regression (R2) of 0.990. It is therefore anticipated that the study may open up new possibilities for formulating a plan to specifically target these organic pollutants. In addition, CuBi2O4 possessed fair reusability for three-consequent cycles. Hence, the as-synthesized nanoparticles applied for photocatalysis foster a fit-for-purpose and reliable system in the decontamination of 2,4 DCP in environmental samples, and also the study highlights the efficient use of RSM for environmental remediation, particularly in AOP implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]