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The advent of color printing technology has also allowed for counterfeit currency notes to be printed and duplicated on a large scale. This has been beneficial and used by those who want to work on high notes. Due to the existence of counterfeit documents, India is plagued by various problems such as black money and corruption. This has led to a sharp decline in the value of the country's currency. The following article describes an image processing system that can verify the authenticity of notes in Indian rupee.

To address environmental issues that India and other countries face, it is essential and very important to commence action at all levels like global, regional, national, local, and community. It is not adequate to have international agreements, treaties and instruments on environmental issues and various problems but completion, implementation and enforcement of these policies and agreements to a large extent determine their impact and effectiveness. In the last few decades, there has been an increasing concern and consciousness about the need to protect the environment, nationally and internationally. Under the structure of the Indian Constitution, a number of Articles are enumerated in which environmental duties to preserve the natural resources of the country have been stated like Articles 48–A and 51–A[g]. Additionally, the Constitution also provides procedures in Articles 252 and 253 for adopting national legislations in regard to the needs of the States. The constitutional mandates and other environmental laws or regulations in India effective, successful and urgent need to streamline enforcement. The creative and innovative role of Indian Judiciary and National Green Tribunal [NGT] has been significant and laudable in this era. In this research paper, an effort has been made to momentarily outline the various Indian legislations and international treaties relating to the environment, which are mainly and more relevant to protect and improve the environment in India. The enforcement, scope and limit of these legislations has also been critically examined and evaluated in systematically manner. Protection of the environment and keeping ecological balance in Indian scenario unaffected is a task which not only the Government but also every individual, association, society, industry and corporation must undertake. It is a social compulsion and fundamental duty enshrined in Article 51–A[g] of the Indian Constitution.

Persons with disabilities have the right to enjoy the human rights to life, liberty, equality, security and dignity as human beings. However, due to social apathy, psychological barriers, a limited definition of “disability” entitled to the protection of the law and lack of proper data, persons with disabilities in India remain an invisible category. Although many laws set out to ensure their full and effective participation in society, they remain inadequate as they are based primarily on the discretion of the government. Also, the judiciary acts as the real protector of persons with disabilities whenever an opportunity arises, but it is not possible to approach the judiciary for every request. Unless the foundation of the law is strengthened, persons with disabilities cannot fully exercise their rights. The present research paper mentions the contemporary situation of people with disabilities with the current laws and concepts, and also the researcher believes that it is not only the law that will provide a solution to this problem, it is the change in the outlook of the society which may provide a solution to this problem. Thus, the horizons of the law should be expanded to provide a “human friendly environment” for all persons with disabilities to remove the barriers that impede their development. With timely implementation the time has come for effective legislation to protect their interests and empower their capabilities which are based on “rights–based approach” rather than charity, medical or social approach.

Cancer is the most important cause of death for both man and women .The early detection of cancer can be helpful in the curing of the disease completely. So the requirement of techniques to detect the occurrence of cancer in early stage is increasing. To design a model that can be useful in early identification and prediction of a lung diseases have become a necessity in the research, as it can facilitate the subsequent clinical management of patients. Here, we establish a diagnostic tool based on a deep-learning framework for the screening of patients with common treatable blinding retinal diseases. Our framework utilizes a technique, which trains a neural network with a fraction of the data of conventional approaches. For such purpose, we employ the Deep learning techniques and machine learning approaches to train the data and evaluate the efficiency of our proposed research.

Background: MEN1611 (MEN) is an oral PI3K inhibitor active on the p110α mutant and wild type, β and γ isoforms, while sparing the δ. B-PRECISE-01 is an open-label, 2-arm, phase 1b study investigating MEN1611 in combination with trastuzumab ± fulvestrant in patients with HER2 positive/PIK3CA mutated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during the dose-escalation step and MEN1611 48 mg BID was selected as the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for cohort expansion (CE). Methods: Eligible patients had HER2+/PIK3CA-mutated MBC and were treated with at least 2 prior lines of anti-HER2-based therapy in the advanced/metastatic setting including trastuzumab. Patients received MEN1611 + trastuzumab (MEN+T); hormone receptor positive (HR+) postmenopausal women received M+ T + fulvestrant (MEN+T+F). Recruitment was closed in December 2021. Pooled safety and efficacy data from the two subpopulations of CE are presented herein. Results: As of June 2022, 62 female patients were treated: 56 of them with MEN1611 48 mg BID (25 MEN+T and 31 MEN+T+F). Median age 55.5 years (range 34-78), 21% premenopausal, ECOG PS 0-1: 95.2%. Median metastatic regimens 4; 71.0% had prior pertuzumab and 91.9% had prior T-DM1. Common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs, ≥20%) were diarrhea 66.1%, nausea 45.2%, hyperglycemia 43.6%, anemia 35.5%, asthenia 29.0%, decreased appetite 27.4%, rash 25.8%, aspartate aminotransferase increased 22.6%, vomiting 22.6%, and pyrexia 22.6%. Common TEAEs with CTCAE grade ≥3 (≥10%) were hyperglycemia (22.6%) and diarrhea (11.3%). Most treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were reversible and manageable by supportive care. TEAEs leading to permanent treatment discontinuation occurred in 9 patients (14.5%), the only TEAE occurring in more than one patient was lipase increased (3.2%). TEAEs caused temporary treatment interruptions in 32 patients (51.6%), the most common being hyperglycemia (21.0%) and diarrhea (9.7%). TEAEs leading to dose reduction occurred in 14 patients (22.6%), the most common being diarrhea (6.5%), hyperglycemia (3.2%) and stomatitis (3.2%). Serious TRAEs were experienced by 12 patients (19.4%): hyperglycemia 6 patients, diarrhea 3 patients, anemia, general physical health deterioration, generalized edema, lipase increased, ketoacidosis and pneumonitis (1 patient each). In the efficacy-evaluable population at the RP2D (n=41) 14 patients (34.1%) showed partial response (MEN+T 5/15, MEN+T+F 9/26), 1 patient (2.4%) had a complete response (MEN+T 1/15) and 23 patients (56.1%) had stable disease (MEN+T 6/15, MEN+T+F 17/26) as best response. At the RP2D, the median (95% CI) overall survival (OS) was 21.9 (11.9, NE) months and the median (95% CI) progression free survival (PFS) 5.6 (3.7, 7.2) months. In the MEN+T group, the median OS was 11.9 (5.7, NE) months and median PFS 3.9 (2.3, 6.7) months. In the MEN+T+F group the median OS was 21.9 (16.9, NE) months and median PFS 5.7 (3.7, 11.5) months. Five patients continue on treatment. Conclusions: Updated results from B-PRECISE-01 demonstrated that MEN1611 combined with trastuzumab ± fulvestrant continued to show a manageable safety profile with encouraging anti-tumor activity and duration of response in heavily pre-treated patients with HER2+/PIK3CA-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: Martine Piccart, Audrey Hennequin, Manuel Ruiz Borrego, Santiago Escrivá-de-Romani, Anja Williams, Begoña Jiménez Rodríguez, Gianluca Del Conte, Sacha J. Howell, Michela Palleschi, Matteo Simonelli, Francois P. Duhoux, Diego Tosi, Bernard Doger de Speville Uribe, Yolanda Jerez Gilarranz, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Giuseppe Curigliano, Simon Waters, Philippe Aftimos, Hans Wildiers, Simona Scartoni, Bartomeu Piza Vallespir, Ram Charan Shankaraiah, Krzysztof Grzegorzewski, Nassir Habboubi. MEN1611, a PI3K inhibitor, combined with trastuzumab ± fulvestrant for HER2+/PIK3CA mutant advanced or metastatic breast cancer: updated safety and efficacy results from the ongoing phase 1b study (B-PRECISE-01) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD18-05.