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Cancer cells weakened the anti-proliferative nature of chemotherapeutics by mounting molecular, physiological, and enzymatic resistance mechanisms against not only the previously treated drug but also to the structurally different anticancer drugs, a phenomenon termed as multidrug resistance (MDR). Pioneering strategies such as synthesizing new molecules, refurbishing the existing anti-proliferative agents, combinatorial approach, and nanotechnology are considered as advantageous in curbing MDR. However, nanotechnology remarkably evident as the first-class endeavor due to the nano size, ability to transport the range of payloads, improved stability, and solubility, prolonged action, targeted to specific components of cancer cells. Nonetheless, peptide-functionalized or peptide nanosystems tenders more benefits, particularly reinforcing and synergizing the activity of anti-proliferative agents, precise recognition of both cancer cells and its resistant counterparts, possessing high affinity to the highly expressed specific receptors in MDR cancer cells, etc. This chapter sheds light on the advantages of peptide-nanosystems for overriding MDR.

Objectives: This study is designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of fenugreek on isoproterenol- induced myocardial infarction and is investigated by an in vivo method in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n=10). Group I received 0.5% CMC treated as normal control group. Group II received isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneal (i.p.) for two consecutive days (14th and 15th days). Group III received fenugreek (250 mg/kg body weight) intragastric intubation for 15 days. Group IV rats received fenugreek as in Group III and additionally isoproterenol was given for two consecutive days (14th and 15th days). Results: The results described the cardioprotective effect that observed in Group IV showed significantly (P< 0.05) decreased levels of TBARS and enhanced the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) in myocardial infarcted rats when compared to Groups II and III. Histopathological studies were also co-relating with the above biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These findings concluded the cardioprotective effect of fenugreek on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system during isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.