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BACKGROUND: Participant discontinuation from study treatment in a clinical trial can leave a trial underpowered, produce bias in statistical analysis, and limit interpretability of study results. Retaining participants in clinical trials for the full study duration is therefore as important as participant recruitment. OBJECTIVE: This analysis aims to identify associations of pre-randomization characteristics of participants with premature discontinuation during the blinded phase of the Anti-Amyloid treatment in Asymptomatic AD (A4) Study. DESIGN: All A4 trial randomized participants were classified as having prematurely discontinued study during the blinded period of the study for any reason (dropouts) or completed the blinded phase of the study on treatment (completers). SETTING: The trial was conducted across 67 study sites in the United States, Canada, Japan and Australia through the global COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of all 1169 A4 trial randomized participants. MEASUREMENTS: Pre-randomization demographic, clinical, amyloid PET and genetic predictors of study discontinuation were evaluated using a univariate generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), with discontinuation status as the binary outcome, each predictor as a fixed effect, and site as a random effect to account for differences among study sites in the trial. Characteristics significant at p

The utilization of natural fibers and fillers in composite materials has gained significant attention for their potential to enhance mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties while promoting sustainability. In this study, Prosopis juliflora fiber (PJF) reinforced epoxy composites, treated with silane and incorporating Syzygium cumini filler (SCF), were investigated to assess their performance across various parameters. The composites were subjected to comprehensive mechanical, tribological, thermo-gravimetric, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 3D profilometer, and morphology studies to elucidate the effects of silane treatment and SCF content on composite properties. The results of the mechanical characterization revealed significant improvements in tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness in silane-treated composites with higher SCF content compared to untreated samples and those with lower SCF content. Specifically, the ST/SCF3 composite exhibited the highest values, with a tensile strength of 118.65 ± 4.63 MPa, impact strength of 27.83 ± 1.96 kJ/m2, and microhardness of 91.63 ± 2.84 HV. Tribological analysis indicated enhanced wear resistance and reduced coefficient of friction in silane-treated composites with higher SCF content, with the ST/SCF3 composite demonstrating the lowest wear loss (62 μm) and frictional force (5.2 N). Thermal characterization revealed improved thermal stability in silane-treated composites, particularly in the ST/SCF1 and ST/SCF3 formulations, suggesting increased resistance to temperature-induced degradation.

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases over the centuries, killing more people worldwide than any other single infectious disease. There is an urgent need for additional strategies which can expedite efforts to combat TB including a preventive vaccine. In this endeavour, we have developed a protocol for a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in India that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two TB vaccines; namely, VPM1002 and Immuvac (M.w) (Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii) (MIP) among healthy household contacts (HHCs) of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients.Methods and analysis In the three-arm randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial study protocol, a total of 12 000 HHCs (aged 6−99 years) of sputum smear-positive PTB patients will be randomised to receive either of the two vaccine candidates VPM1002 and MIP or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint is the prevention of microbiologically confirmed TB. Secondary endpoints will include (1) prevention against Latent TB infection, (2) incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events in study participants, (3) efficacy of vaccine in prevention of PTB/extra PTB in different age groups (6–18 years, 19–35 years, 36–60 years and above 60 years) and (4) immunogenicity of VPM1002 and MIP at month 2 and month 6 after first vaccination in terms of flow cytometric analysis of M.Tb specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting cytokines and Luminex assays for the presence of different cytokines in the sera and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures stimulated with whole cell lysates of M.Tb and subsequently similar analysis for the cases who develop TB postvaccination during the follow-up period.Ethics and dissemination Ethics committees’ approvals have been granted by the Institutional Human Ethics Committees of all participating centres in this study and the names of the ethics committees and approvals are as follows: (1) National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-Chennai (including subsites): ECR/135/Inst/TN/2013/RR-19, Approval No. 390/NIRT-Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC)/2018 dated 5 December 2018 (NIRT-Madurai-ECR/1365/Inst/TN/2020; approval dated 8 June 2020; NIRT, Vellore: ECR/1215/Inst/TN/2019; approval dated 26 September 2020); (2) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi (including subsites)-Institute Ethics Committee, ECR/547/Inst/DL/2014/RR-17 ECR/538/Inst/DL/2014/RR-20; approval No.IEC-385/06-07-2018, approval OP-28/05.04.2019 and SFH- ECR/593/Inst/DL/2014/RR-20 IEC/VMMC/SJH/project/2019-05/25 ; 23 May 2019; (3) National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), Delhi: ECR/315/Inst/DL/2013/RR-19; approval IEC-No-NITRD/EC/2019/9004; 8 January 2019; (4) Pune-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) and subsite-ECR/23/Inst/MH/2013/RR-19; IEC-NARI/EC/approval/2018/196; 29 May 2018; (5) Regional Medical Research Centre-Bhubaneshwar-ECR/911/Inst/OR-2017/RR-21; approval, dated 25 April 2018; Subsites- AIIMS, Bhubaneshwar ECR/534/Inst/OD/2014/RR-17 and 20 approval No. T/EMF/Pulm. Med/19/01 dated 13 May 2019; SCB, Cuttack No. No.ECR/84/Inst/OR/2013/RR-20; approval no.186 dated 7 February 2020; (6) NTI-Bengaluru: Ethics Committee-No-ECR/1819/Inst/KA/2019; approval No NTI-IEC/1.2019/principal investigator, dated 31 January 2019; (7) BMMRC, Hyderabad- ECR/450/Inst/AP/2013/RR-16 approval No. 779/BMMRC/2018/IEC, dated 11 June 2018 (Subsite Share India- Mediciti Ethics Committee-ECR/283/Inst/AP/2013/RR-20; Approval no. EC/11/VII/2K20(1) dated 11 July 2020) and (8) SJMC-Bengaluru: ECR/238/Inst/KA/2013/RR-19; approval IEC/1/491/2020; 7 August 2020.The trial findings will be published in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidance. The results of this clinical trial will be presented at scientific conferences and disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and shared with Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, policy-makers and other stakeholders.Trial registration number CTRI/2019/01/017026.

The process of identifying suitable genome-wide association (GWA) studies and formatting the data to calculate multiple polygenic risk scores on a single genome can be laborious. Here, we present a centralized polygenic risk score calculator currently containing over 250,000 genetic variant associations from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog for users to easily calculate sample-specific polygenic risk scores with comparable results to other available tools. Polygenic risk scores are calculated either online through the Polygenic Risk Score Knowledge Base (PRSKB; https://prs.byu.edu ) or via a command-line interface. We report study-specific polygenic risk scores across the UK Biobank, 1000 Genomes, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), contextualize computed scores, and identify potentially confounding genetic risk factors in ADNI. We introduce a streamlined analysis tool and web interface to calculate and contextualize polygenic risk scores across various studies, which we anticipate will facilitate a wider adaptation of polygenic risk scores in future disease research.

Keerthana Raghu,1,&ast; Tamilselvi S,2,&ast; Chitralekha S Devishamani,1 Suchetha M,2 Ramachandran Rajalakshmi,3 Rajiv Raman1 1Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 2Centre for Health Care Advancement, Innovation, and Research Department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 3Department of Diabetology, Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rajiv Raman, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Sankara Nethralaya (Main Campus), No. 41 (Old 18), College Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India, Tel +91-444288708, Fax +91-44-28254180, Email rajivpgraman@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate the ability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, ChatGPT, in predicting the diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk.Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized an anonymized dataset of 111 patients with diabetes who underwent a comprehensive eye examination along with clinical and biochemical assessments. Clinical and biochemical data along with and without central subfield thickness (CST) values of the macula from OCT were uploaded to ChatGPT-4, and the response from the ChatGPT was compared to the clinical DR diagnosis made by an ophthalmologist.Results: The study assessed the consistency of responses provided by ChatGPT, yielding an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value of 0.936 (95% CI, 0.913– 0.954, p < 0.001) (with CST) and 0.915 (95% CI, 0.706– 0.846, p < 0.001) (without CST), both situations indicated excellent reliability. The sensitivity and specificity of ChatGPT in predicting the DR cases were evaluated. The results revealed a sensitivity of 67% with CST and 73% without CST. The specificity was 68% with CST and 54% without CST. However, Cohen’s kappa revealed only a fair agreement between ChatGPT predictions and clinical DR status in both situations, with CST (kappa = 0.263, p = 0.005) and without CST (kappa = 0.351, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study suggests that ChatGPT has the potential of a preliminary DR screening tool with further optimization needed for clinical use.Keywords: ChatGPT, artificial intelligence, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic created challenges in clinical research operations that required immediate and lasting changes.OjbectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore adaptations to clinical trial research due to COVID-19 and develop a theoretical framework of emergent strategies related to pandemic mitigation in a national network of Alzheimer's disease clinical trial sites.DesignThis qualitative study used a grounded theory approach including semi-structured interviews, constant comparative methods, and multi-level, iterative coding.ParticipantsTwenty-six member sites of the Alzheimer's Clinical Trial Consortium participated with a total of 49 participants.ResultsFindings demonstrate processes of adaptation following COVID-19 onset including establishing safety as priority, focus on scientific preservation, accommodations (creating policies, leadership mindset, maintaining operations, and determining research procedures), and evaluation of changes throughout the course of the pandemic. Communication and maintaining integrity were vital throughout these processes.ConclusionProcesses of accommodation among clinical research sites during the pandemic provide critical insights and direction for future clinical trials development and emergent methods in Alzheimer's disease and other therapeutic areas.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most graduate medical education (GME) training programs conducted virtual interviews for prospective trainees during the 2020-2021 application cycle. Many internal medicine (IM) subspecialty fellowship programs hosted virtual interviews for the first time with little published data to guide best practices.To evaluate how IM subspecialty fellowship applicants perceived the virtual interview day experience.We designed a 38-item questionnaire that was sent via email to applicants in eight IM subspecialty programs at a single tertiary academic medical center (University of California, San Francisco) from September-November, 2020.Seventy-five applicants completed the survey (75/244, 30.7%), including applicants from all eight fellowship programs. Most survey respondents agreed that the length of the virtual interview day (mean = 6.4 hours) was long enough to gather the information they needed (n = 65, 86.7%) and short enough to prevent fatigue (n = 55, 73.3%). Almost all survey respondents agreed that they could adequately assess the clinical experience (n = 71, 97.3%), research opportunities (n = 72, 98.6%), and program culture (n = 68, 93.2%). Of the respondents who attended a virtual educational conference, most agreed it helped to provide a sense of the program's educational culture (n = 20, 66.7%). Areas for improvement were identified, with some survey respondents reporting that the virtual interview day was too long (n = 11) or that they would have preferred to meet more fellows (n = 10).Survey respondents indicated that the virtual interview was an adequate format to learn about fellowship programs. These findings can inform future virtual interviews for GME training programs.

It is unclear whether previously developed frameworks for effective consultation apply to requests initiated by alphanumeric text page. We assessed a random sample of 210 text paged consult requests for communication of previously described 'essential elements' for effective consultation: reason for consult, level of urgency and requester contact information. Overall page quality was evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale. Over 90% of text paged consult requests included contact information and reason for consult; 14% indicated level of urgency. In ordinal logistic regression, reason for consult was most strongly associated with quality (OR 22.4; 95% CI 8.1 to 61.7), followed by callback number (OR 6.2; 95% CI 0.8 to 49.5), caller's name (OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.9 to 13.1) and level of urgency (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6 to 6.7). Results suggest that text paged consult requests often include most informational elements, and that urgency, often missing, may not be as 'essential' for text pages as it was once thought to be.

Keerthana Raghu,1,&ast; Tamilselvi S,2,&ast; Chitralekha S Devishamani,1 Suchetha M,2 Ramachandran Rajalakshmi,3 Rajiv Raman1 1Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 2Centre for Health Care Advancement, Innovation, and Research Department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 3Department of Diabetology, Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rajiv Raman, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email rajivpgraman@gmail.com

BackgroundGreater subjective cognitive changes on the Cognitive Function Index (CFI) was previously found to be associated with elevated amyloid (Aß) status in participants screening for the A4 Study, reported by study partners and the participants themselves. While the total score on the CFI related to amyloid for both sources respectively, potential differences in the specific types of cognitive changes reported by either participants or their study partners was not investigated.ObjectivesTo determine the specific types of subjective cognitive changes endorsed by participants and their study partners that are associated with amyloid status in individuals screening for an AD prevention trial.Design, setting, participantsFour thousand four hundred and eighty-six cognitively unimpaired (CDR=0; MMSE 25-30) participants (ages 65-85) screening for the A4 Study completed florbetapir (Aß) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Participants were classified as elevated amyloid (Aß+; n=1323) or non-elevated amyloid (Aß-; n=3163).MeasurementsPrior to amyloid PET imaging, subjective report of changes in cognitive functioning were measured using the CFI (15 item questionnaire; Yes/Maybe/No response options) and administered separately to both participants and their study partners (i.e., a family member or friend in regular contact with the participant). The impact of demographic factors on CFI report was investigated. For each item of the CFI, the relationship between Aß and CFI response was investigated using an ordinal mixed effects model for participant and study partner report.ResultsIndependent of Aß status, participants were more likely to report 'Yes' or 'Maybe' compared to the study partners for nearly all CFI items. Older age (r= 0.06, p

BackgroundIntranasally administered insulin has shown promise in both rodent and human studies in Alzheimer's disease; however, both effects and mechanisms require elucidation.ObjectiveWe assessed the effects of intranasally administered insulin on white matter health and its association with cognition and cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease in secondary analyses from a prior phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01767909).DesignA randomized (1:1) double-blind clinical trial.SettingTwelve sites across the United States.ParticipantsAdults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease.InterventionParticipants received either twice daily placebo or insulin (20 IU Humulin R U-100 b.i.d.) intranasally for 12 months. Seventy-eight participants were screened, of whom 49 (32 men) were enrolled.MeasurementsChanges from baseline in global and regional white matter hyperintensity volume and gray matter volume were analyzed and related to changes in cerebral spinal fluid biomarkers, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition, Clinical Disease Rating-Sum of Boxes, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale, and a memory composite.ResultsThe insulin-treated group demonstrated significantly reduced changes in white matter hyperintensity volume in deep and frontal regions after 12 months, with a similar trend for global volume. White matter hyperintensity volume progression correlated with worsened Alzheimer's disease cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profile and cognitive function; however, patterns of correlations differed by treatment group.ConclusionIntranasal insulin treatment for 12 months reduced white matter hyperintensity volume progression and supports insulin's potential as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundComputerized cognitive assessments may improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) secondary prevention trial efficiency and accuracy. However, they require validation against standard outcomes and relevant biomarkers.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and validity of the tablet-based Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3).DesignCross-sectional analysis of cognitive screening data from the A4 study (Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic AD).SettingMulti-center international study.ParticipantsClinically normal (CN) older adults (65-85; n=4486).MeasurementsParticipants underwent florbetapir-Positron Emission Tomography for Aβ+/- classification. They completed the C3 and standard paper and pencil measures included in the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC). The C3 combines memory measures sensitive to change over time (Cogstate Brief Battery-One Card Learning) and measures shown to be declining early in AD including pattern separation (Behavioral Pattern Separation Test- Object- Lure Discrimination Index) and associative memory (Face Name Associative Memory Exam- Face-Name Matching). C3 acceptability and completion rates were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. C3 performance was explored in relation to Aβ+/- groups (n=1323/3163) and PACC.ResultsC3 was feasible for CN older adults to complete. Rates of incomplete or invalid administrations were extremely low, even in the bottom quartile of cognitive performers (PACC). C3 was moderately correlated with PACC (r=0.39). Aβ+ performed worse on C3 compared with Aβ- [unadjusted Cohen's d=-0.22 (95%CI: -0.31,-0.13) p

BackgroundComputerized cognitive assessments may improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) secondary prevention trial efficiency and accuracy. However, they require validation against standard outcomes and relevant biomarkers.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and validity of the tablet-based Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3).DesignCross-sectional analysis of cognitive screening data from the A4 study (Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic AD).SettingMulti-center international study.ParticipantsClinically normal (CN) older adults (65-85; n=4486).MeasurementsParticipants underwent florbetapir-Positron Emission Tomography for Aβ+/- classification. They completed the C3 and standard paper and pencil measures included in the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC). The C3 combines memory measures sensitive to change over time (Cogstate Brief Battery-One Card Learning) and measures shown to be declining early in AD including pattern separation (Behavioral Pattern Separation Test- Object- Lure Discrimination Index) and associative memory (Face Name Associative Memory Exam- Face-Name Matching). C3 acceptability and completion rates were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. C3 performance was explored in relation to Aβ+/- groups (n=1323/3163) and PACC.ResultsC3 was feasible for CN older adults to complete. Rates of incomplete or invalid administrations were extremely low, even in the bottom quartile of cognitive performers (PACC). C3 was moderately correlated with PACC (r=0.39). Aβ+ performed worse on C3 compared with Aβ- [unadjusted Cohen's d=-0.22 (95%CI: -0.31,-0.13) p

BackgroundAlzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) clinical trials require multidisciplinary expertise in medicine, biostatistics, trial design, biomarkers, ethics, and informatics.ObjectivesTo provide focused interactive training in ADRD clinical trials to a diverse cadre of investigators.DesignThe Institute on Methods and Protocols for Advancement of Clinical Trials in ADRD (IMPACT-AD) is a novel multidisciplinary clinical trial training program funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association with two educational tracks. The Professionals track includes individuals who fill a broad variety of roles including clinicians, study coordinators, psychometricians, and other study professionals who wish to further their knowledge and advance their careers in ADRD trials. The Fellowship track includes current and future principal investigators and focuses on the design, conduct and analysis of ADRD clinical trials.SettingThe 2020 inaugural iteration of IMPACT-AD was held via Zoom.ParticipantsThirty-five trainees (15 Fellowship track; 20 Professionals track) were selected from 104 applications (34% acceptance rate). Most (n=25, 71%) identified as female. Fifteen (43%) were of a non-white race; six (18%) were of Hispanic ethnicity; eight (23%) indicated they were the first person in their family to attend college.MeasurementsParticipants completed daily evaluations as well as pre- and post-course assessments of learning.ResultsAcross topic areas, >90% of trainees evaluated their change in knowledge based on the lectures as "very much" or "somewhat increased." The mean proportion correct responses in pre- and post-course assessments increased from 55% to 75% for the Professionals track and from 54% to 78% for the Fellowship track.ConclusionsIMPACT-AD successfully launched a new training opportunity amid a global pandemic that preliminarily achieved the goals of attracting a diverse cohort and providing meaningful training. The course is funded through 2025.

The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, to identify and encapsulate the enablers that can facilitate curriculum agility in higher education and second, to understand the interplay between the factors. Literature review and academic experts helped identify eight factors crucial for driving curriculum agility in higher education. The total interpretive structural modelling (TISM), a widely used method in theory building, was used to develop a hierarchical conceptual framework of the curriculum agility factors. The TISM model helped comprehend the relationship between the factors and the logical reasoning behind the relationship. The cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification, also known as MICMAC analysis, was applied to rank the enablers based on their driving power into independent, autonomous, linkage, and dependent zones. The participants for the study included faculty members from higher education institutions in India. A closed-ended questionnaire and scheduled interview helped in gathering data. The TISM model revealed curriculum leader, organisational governance and teacher autonomy as the most crucial factors in driving curriculum agility in higher education. The results of this study would assist the policymakers and management of higher education institutions to understand the critical factors and work around them to add value to the curriculum.

Purpose: The study has a two-fold purpose--first, to identify the enablers of partnering agility in higher education, and, second, to analyze the interplay between the enablers. Design/methodology/approach: Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) was used to construct a theoretical model of partnering agility enablers, and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis was used to rank and segregate the enablers into independent, autonomous, dependent and linkage zones on the basis of their driving and dependence power. Findings: The study helped in identifying eight enablers that can be instrumental in driving partnering agility in higher education. According to the TISM model, clarity on roles and responsibilities of partners was found to be the most crucial and vital enabler followed by resource sharing. Practical implications: The conceptual model provides a new direction on how to develop and strengthen higher education partnerships. The model has prioritized all the crucial enablers that the management can work around in order to drive partnering agility in higher education institutions. Originality/value: Studies in the past have majorly focused on academia-industry partnerships. This research has tried to provide a comprehensive view of the enablers and the multidirectional interplay between the enablers that can facilitate partnerships between academia and industry, Indian and international universities, and academia and community.

Ramyaa Srinivasan,&ast; Krishnakanta Roy,&ast; Meenakshi Mahesh, Janani Surya, Rajiv Raman Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Vision Research Foundation – Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rajiv Raman, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Vision Research Foundation – Sankara Nethralaya, Sankara Nethralaya (Main Campus), No. 41 (Old 18), College Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India, Tel +91 9444288708, Fax +91-44-28254180, Email rajivpgraman@gmail.comPurpose: To determine the functional and anatomical outcomes of patients with endophthalmitis with concurrent or delayed onset retinal detachment (RD), and compare the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative features.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 121 eyes in 121 patients presenting with endophthalmitis and RD. Subjects were categorized into two groups: endophthalmitis with delayed onset RD (group 1, N=76) and endophthalmitis with concurrent RD (group 2, N=45).Results: The mean age of patients in groups 1 and 2 was 38.21± 21.60 and 46.78± 24.42 years, respectively (P=0.047). Exogenous endophthalmitis was common in both groups 1 and 2 (86.84% and 84.44%, respectively). No significant differences were found between the groups in the type of RD, retinal breaks, number of quadrants involved or proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade. In the overall cohort, visual acuity improved post-surgery in one-third of the patients who were in the near or total blindness category at presentation. We found good anatomical success rates of an attached retina in both groups 1 and 2 (84.3% and 77.7%, P=0.376).Conclusion: Our study presents the results of patients with endophthalmitis and delayed onset RD or concurrent RD. It shows a few differences in presentation between the groups, but the anatomical and functional outcomes were almost the same.Keywords: endophthalmitis, delayed onset retinal detachment, concurrent retinal detachment, functional outcomes and anatomical outcomes

The drive to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) becomes more urgent as the 2030 deadline draws near, increasing research in various sectors. Nevertheless, studies that systematically map Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) publications with the SDGs need to be more conspicuously lacking. Our study adds a new perspective to the field by creatively bridging this knowledge gap using the Elsevier SDG Mapping Initiative. To find research clusters, trends, and themes linked to SDGs and their connection to environmental sustainability, we thoroughly analyzed 29,897 publications from 2012 to 2022. The analysis showed that SDG 15, SDG 7, SDG 12, SDG 13, and SDG 11 were the top five SDGs, with an environmental focus among the 17 SDGs. These top SDGs had many clusters connected to them, illustrating various sustainability-related problems. The study also looked at connections between SDGs, the nations with the highest rates of productivity, the top contributors, and the journals with the highest citation counts. We discovered three separate SDG clusters using co-occurrence network analysis, each representing a different SDG. We discovered relevant SDGs using Matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis and centrality indicators like eigenvector and betweenness. This novel method for publishing analysis combines an AHP focus that aligns with the SDGs with social network analysis and centrality metrics. Our research advances knowledge of how the AHP technique can assess initiatives supporting the SDGs. We offer essential insights into prioritizing sustainable development measures by identifying research clusters, trends, and issues related to environmental sustainability. This study highlights the subject's most important SDGs, productive nations, helpful organizations, and significant journals.