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The synchronous reluctance motor (Sync-RM) is known for its higher reliability, faster dynamic response, higher efficiency, higher speed range, higher power density, and higher torque per ampere. Consequently, the scope of research into emerging Sync-RMs drive system has been extended. For different kinds of mechanical and electrical applications, motors are important components of any machine or tool. There are several types of motors available for various kinds of industrial applications, but the benefits of Sync-RM in medium- and low-power applications have eventually been very efficient compared to other motor types, regarding the factors such as high flux density per unit volume, high efficiency, requirements of low maintenance, and low electromagnetic obstruction. This research proposed a Sync-RM drive fed by a bridgeless LUO converter (BLLC) using the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) tuned proportional integral (PI) controller. High competence, higher power density, and a small structure of the motor drive are delivered by the PI-tuned converter. The output voltages are related to the Sync-RM motor of the proposed converter. Due to its minimum effort and modest development, the Sync-RM here is chosen for the drive. The proposed Sync-RM drive framework based on the LUO converter was evaluated by simulation using the Matlab/Simulink tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no reservation that semiconductor equipment distorted the world despite the fact of doing the practical experiments and also in research field. Researchers will communicate the process of semiconductor statistics with nearby pupils. In this work, diverse brand of semiconductor equipment was thrashed out with elementary properties and their distinctiveness. One type of semiconductor is differentiated based on energy band gap with an added type of semiconductor equipment. Semiconductor resources are the edifice block for the electrical and electronics component. This work makes an available apt generic argument of materials with the latest discussion and its impact of temperature on different materials, and it also reveals dissimilar parameters such as modern density, porch voltage value, transmission rate, and drain resistance value. Exceptional applications were discussed for divergent semiconductor materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, functions of BMS in elections vehicles are explained. The BMS consists of number of electronics components for monitoring and controlling the functions of batteries in electrical vehicles (EVs). Nowadays, the EV has more concentrations because it has number of merits like compact in size, does not require fossil fuel so it is environment friendly, and cost-saving. The main components in EV are batteries because batteries decide the performance and efficiency of EV. So, we should give more importance to batteries. Battery is controlled and monitored with the help of BMS. The BMS protects the battery and increases life time and efficiency due to charging discharging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage multiplier factor circuits area unit wide employed in several high-voltage/low-current applications this paper proposes a hybrid SVM (HSVM) for dc high-voltage applications. The multiplier factor is made by cascading a diode-bridge rectifier associated an (symmetrical voltage multiplier factor) SVM with diode-bridge rectifier because the initial stage of multiplier. The planned topology saves 2 high-voltage capacitors and needs just one secondary of HVT. Besides, it's lesser free fall and quicker transient response at start-up, compared with typical SVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

during this paper a completely unique topology for top increase DCDC convertor is introduced. The convertor makes use of coupled electrical device and voltage multiplier factor cell to achieve the specified high increase voltage gain. the most benefits of the projected convertor square measure easy topology, high increase voltage gain, continuous input current, exercise the energy of the run inductance of the coupled electrical device, and utilizing only 1 active switch with reduced voltage stress. Reduced switch voltage stress leads to choice of switch with low on-resistance that improves the potency. Operational principles of the convertor in steady state square measure studied Associate in Nursingd an analytical approach is employed to realize voltage gain and switch voltage stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a very distinctive boost device with twin coupled-inductors and a voltage variety module. On the one hand, the primary windings of two coupled-inductors unit of measurement connected in parallel to share the input current and deate this ripple at the input. On the other hand, the projected device inherits the deserves of interleaved series-connected output capacitors for prime voltage gain, low output voltage ripple and low switch voltage stress. Moreover, the secondary sides of two coupled-inductors unit of measurement connected asynchronous to a regenerative device by a diode for extending the voltage gain and leveling the primary-parallel currents. In addition, the active switches unit of measurement turned on at zero-current and conjointly the reverse recovery disadvantage of diodes is relieved by low cost leak inductances of the coupled inductors. Besides, the energy of leak inductances is recycled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the efficiency of the circuit and to minimize the THD to the negligible level voltage doubler circuit is interleaved with the single stage ZVS PFC converter circuits. The voltage doubler circuit is used to obtain UPF with low THD and increased performance efficiency of the converter by imposing the control over the current. The voltage doubler is charged by the converter operation at both negative and positive cycle. The converter circuit without voltage doubler was used in low power rating applications. But with the voltage doubler circuits high power ratings applications are possible. In this circuit the reduced switching loss of 6.7% is obtained with the THD 2.95[12]. The improvised performance efficiency with the input condition of 529.65W/31.21 A is 93.28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of resources established in the present world is initiating everyone towards energy efficient technologies. Among all these resources, power is one which needs to be monitored and controlled as per the need since electricity consumption is increasing day-by day. In this project, we have described an effective implementation of an intelligent remote monitoring system for solar Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and battery which are used in a greenhouse environment. The proposed system design can be installed in solar PV, WECS and battery in order to solve management problems, maintenance and shortens the mean time to repair. We have designed a smart remote monitoring system based on internet of thing for monitoring Solar PV, WECS and Battery. This system had incorporated remote monitoring for solar PV, WECS and battery through internet using host, network GPRS (Global Positioning Radio Service), embedded system gateway and Arduino. The result of our demonstration shows that the system can monitor store and manipulate data from solar PV, WECS and battery. Thus, the remote monitoring functions are realized in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of the optimal orientation of the solar panels is by far one of the most important issues in the practical application of solar installations. The use of phase changing materials (PCMs) is an efficient approach of storing solar thermal energy. Because PCMs are isothermal in nature, they provide better density energy storage and the capacity to function across a wide temperature range. Unfortunately, this feature is very rare on various solar power panels; however, ignoring it can reduce the performance of the panels to unacceptable levels. The fact is that the angle of incidence of rays on the surface greatly affects the reflection coefficient and, consequently, the role of unacceptable solar energy. In this paper, a smart energy harvesting model was proposed. In the case of glass, when the angle of incidence varies vertically from its surface to 30, the reflection coefficient is practically unchanged and slightly less than 5%, i.e., more than 95% of the radiation goes inwards. Furthermore, the reflection increase is noticeable, and the area of the reflected radiation by 60 doubles to almost 10%. At an angle of incidence of 70, it reflects 20% of the radiation, and at 80, 40%. For most other objects, the dependence of the reflection magnitude on the angle of incidence is approximately the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining a strategic distance from the PQ aggravation and upgrading the PQ are the troublesome assignments. More power hardware gadgets are utilized to overcome the PQ unsettling inuences. Multi converter - Unified power quality conditioner (MC-UPQC) is one of the new power gadgets that are utilized for improving the PQ. The framework can be connected to contiguous feeders to adjust for supply-voltage and load current defects on the principle feeder and full pay of supply voltage blemishes on alternate feeders. In the proposed design, all converters are associated consecutive on the dc side and offer a typical dc-interface capacitor. Offering to one DC connect capacitor. The releasing time of DC connect capacitor is high, thus it is the fundamental issue in MC-UPQC gadget. To wipe out this issue, an upgraded ANN based MC-UPQC is proposed in this work. The transient reaction of the PI dc-connect voltage controller is moderate. In this way, a quick acting dc-connect voltage controller in light of the vitality of a dc-interface capacitor is proposed. The transient reaction of this controller is quick when contrasted with that of the regular dc-connect voltage controller. By utilizing uffy rationale controller rather than the PI controller the transient reaction is moved forward. The DC capacitor charging yield voltage is expanded and the reaction is quick when contrasted and PI by utilizing the ANN controller and subsequently, the PQ of the framework is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to energy crisis, renewable energy distributed power generators, such as wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) cell, fuel cell, and thermoelectric generation modules, are becoming more and more popular in industrial and residential applications. Many renewable energy such as PV cell, fuel cell and thermoelectric generation can only output dc voltage. So an inverter interface has to be utilized for grid-connected applications. So many inverter topologies have been proposed and reviewed recently like as Z-source proposed inverter. In this proposed semi-Z-source inverters for a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) system. With low cost and doubly grounded features. These semi-Z-source inverters only two active switches. To achieve the same output voltage as the traditional voltage-fed full-bridge z-source inverter. The input dc source and the output ac voltage of the semi-Z-source inverter share the same ground. Thus lead into less leakage ground current advantages over other non-doubly grounded inverters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a single-phase nine-level (9L) inverter topology suitable for control strategy and design of an AC/DC/AC IGBT-PMW power converter for PMSG-based variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (VSWECS) operation in grid/load-connected mode are presented. VSWECS consists of a PMSG connected to a AC-DC IGBT-based PWM rectifier and a DC/AC IGBT-based PWM inverter with LCL filter. The proposed inverter is realized using a T-type neutral point-clamped inverter connected in cascade to a oating capacitor (FC) H-bridge. Additionally, two low-frequency switches are added across the dc-link enabling the inverter to generate a 9L waveform. A sensor less voltage control based on redundant switching state is developed and embedded with PWM controller, which is responsible for regulating the FC voltage at one quarter of the dc source voltage. The proposed PWM technique employs the generation of 9L waveform without using any voltage sensor, thereby reducing the complexity of the overall control scheme. This, in turn, will make the overall system appealing for various industrial applications. In comparison to conventional and recent topologies, generation of the 9L waveform using a lower number of components is the notable contribution. Another important feature of the proposed inverter is that if FC H-bridge fails, it can be bypassed, and the inverter can still operate as a 5L inverter at its nominal power rating. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison study is included which confirms the merits of the proposed inverter against those of other state-of-the art topologies. Finally, simulation and hardware results are included for validating the feasibility of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased asset utilization, facilitates the penetration of renewable sources and improves the exibility, reliability and efficiency of the grid, Separate Energy Storage Devices (SESD) technology has been progressed. SESD Technology has the potential to bring real power storage characteristic to protect consumer's loads from the grid voltage uctuations like Long and Short term Voltage variation conditions. This project deals the Design of Decision making Switch and operation principle of the SESD based Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and its design is based on simple PI control method to compensate voltage Fluctuations. The principle of SESD based DVR is analyzed in this work. The performance of the SESD is validated through simulations using MATLAB SIMULINK and the results reveals that the SESD can be a useful DC source for the DVR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resonance analysis and soft switching design of the isolated boost converter with coupled inductors are designed in this project. Due to the resonance participated by the voltage doubler capacitor, clamping capacitor, and leakage inductance of coupled inductors, the reverse recovery problem of the secondary diodes is restrained within the whole operation range. By choosing appropriate magnetic inductance of the coupled inductors, zero voltage switching ON of the main MOSFET is obtained collectively at the same working conditions without any additional devices. Moreover the rang of duty ratio is enlarged to achieve soft switching and an optimal operation point is obtained with minimal input current ripple, when duty ratio approaches 0.5, additionally, two kinds of resonances are analyzed and an optimized resonance is utilized to achieve better power density. The high step up conversion is achieved by using soft switching methodology with fuzzy logic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns over environment and increased demand of energy have led the world to think about alternate energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar and fuel cells. Out of these, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems have become increasingly important all over the world due its availability, cleanness, low maintenance cost and inexhaustible nature. But power produced by the photovoltaic system is stochastic in nature due to the variation of solar irradiation and cell temperature throughout the day. In order to track the varying power, a DC-DC converter have been proposed for the parallel operation of PV panel. The proposed DC/DC converter is designed by a coupled inductor with same winding turns in the primary and secondary sides. In step-up mode, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are operated in parallel charge and series discharge to achieve high step-up voltage gain. In step-down mode, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are operated in series charge and parallel discharge to achieve high step-down voltage gain. Thus, the proposed converter has higher step-up and step-down voltage gains than the conventional bidirectional dc-dc boost/buck converter. The proposed converter and the conventional bidirectional boost/buck converter, the average value of the switch current in the proposed converter is less than the conventional bidirectional boost/buck converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, environmental problems due to existing power plants seem to acquire more attention around the world, because it increases continuously the earth temperature and warming. Nowadays, renewable energies, especially photovoltaic (PV) energy, considered as palliative energy resource, are growing rapidly and are used in several applications, e.g., battery charging, home energy supply, and pumping systems. However, they suffer from a relatively low conversion efficiency, which makes their optimization necessary. This is done by extracting their maximum power for uctuating climatic environments. An efficient ANFIS based tracking algorithm is proposed for PV applications under mismatching conditions. PV fed zeta converter is used to step-up the output voltage and track the maximum power efficiently. An ANFIS based MPPT algorithm takes minimum time to find the MPP when subjected to rapid change in irradiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns over environment and increased demand of energy have led the world to think about alternate energy sources such as wind, hydro, solar and fuel cells. Out of these, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems have become increasingly important all over the world due its availability, cleanness, low maintenance cost and inexhaustible nature. But power produced by the photovoltaic system is stochastic in nature due to the variation of solar irradiation and cell temperature throughout the day. In order to track the varying power, a DC-DC converter with maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used. Different MPPT algorithms have been proposed for tracking peak power from the PV panel. Selection of adequate DC-DC converter is also an important factor since it has an inuence on overall performance of the PV system. This paper presents a comparative study on the characteristics of different non-isolated DC-DC converters and highlights the various research works that has been done on DC-DC converters based MPPT PV system. Study shows that selection of converter also has an impact on the overall performance of the PV system. Based on the survey and comparative study, selection criteria to choose DC-DC converter for PV system is described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power control of small-scale wind energy conversion system is usually limited by the sluggish mechanical dynamic. Aiming at highlighting this phenomenon, this article introduces a small-scale wind energy conversion system using the permanent magnet synchronous machine as generator to validate different combinations of control strategy resulting from four different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods with hysteresis control: one indirect MPPT method based on a look-up table and three direct methods based on perturb and observe relationship. Following two ideal wind speed profiles, a real rapid wind speed profile and using a test bench emulating a small-scale wind turbine, the MPPT methods are compared and analysed based on experimental results. The indirect method operates with the best MPPT performances for all three wind speed profiles while requiring accurate knowledge of the controlled system. The direct methods operate with low MPPT performance under rapid variation of wind speed and the superiority of variable step size is not significant since the dynamic process of the perturbation strongly weakens the effect of MPPT algorithm. In proposed system Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Interference System is used to control the MPPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing energy demand is motivating us to search for new way to meet the demand with existing grid system. This can be fulfilled with microgrids. But there is a challenge in controlling point of renewable energy system and energy storage unit in microgrids. That is switching the microgrid according to the demand without disturbing the main grid in both online and offline conditions. This project presents a control method for demand response management to optimize the microgrid composed of PV system, wind turbine, diesel generator and energy storage unit. In order to address the problem, the proposed control technique is fuzzy logic control. This proposed control strategy efficiently manage the response to demand and ensure the independent operation of microgrid with respect to the main grid in both online and offline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current. The Three phase four wire system is realized from a three phase three wire system. In three phases, four wire system electrical loads are connected from line to neutral of the three phases. Neutral current in three-phase power systems is often thought to be only the result of the imbalance of the phase currents. Unbalance is a serious power quality problem, mainly affecting low-voltage distribution systems, as for instance encountered in office buildings with abundant PCs and lighting. In an ideal balanced sinusoidal three-phase power system, the neutral current is the vector sum of the three phase currents, should be equal to zero. Under normal operating condition, some phase unbalance occurs resulting in a small neutral current. A new control strategy to balance the unbalanced load currents is presented. The neutral current that may ow towards transformer neutral point is compensated by using a four-leg voltage source inverter topology in shunt part of the inverter. Hysteresis controller is mainly used to control the gating pulses of the inverter. The series transformer neutral will be at virtual zero potential during all operating conditions. The simulation results based on MAT-LAB/Simulink are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed UPQC-based three phases four wire distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years constraints forced by the environment, right of way and energy costs have resulted in power systems operating with considerably reduced stability margins. Consequently, modern power systems depend strongly on stabilizing devices to keep reliable and stable operation. These devices should provide sufficient damping in the system, during the transient period following a system disturbance, such as line switching, load changes and fault clearance. To avoid collapse of the system due to loss of synchronism or voltage instability, countermeasures such as power system stabilizers, optimal turbine governor control systems and phase shifters have been used. This concept presents the transient stability analysis of a power grid, which integrates both Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) and Gridable Vehicles (GVs). Also, Vehicle-to Grid (V2G) operation is devised to control GVs to charge power from or discharge to the grid. SMES and GVs to adjust the active power and reactive power to support the System. Simulations of both balanced and unbalanced faults such as 3LG fault, LG fault, LLG fault are carried. The system model is established and simulated using the Matlab/Simulink. The results of load angle response and system voltage response are given to illustrate that both SMES and GVs can enhance transient stability of the power grid. Moreover, the simultaneous use of SMES and GVs can further improve the system dynamic performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) generation system based on Hybrid Multilevel inverter is proposed. Hybrid multilevel inverter gives multilevel operation by using hybrid source, hybrid configuration or hybrid device in such a way to produce output with reduced number of DC sources, high speed capability, low output switching frequency, low switching loss, high conversion efficiency, exibility to enhance and various topologies for different applications. Simulations and analysis are done by the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a single phase multilevel inverter configuration that conjoins three series connected full bridge inverter and a single half bridge inverter for renewable energy application especially photovoltaic system. This configuration of multilevel inverter reduces the value of total harmonic distortion. The half bridge inverter utilized in the proposed configuration increases the output voltage level to nearly twice the output voltage level of a conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. This higher output voltage level is generated with lesser number of power semiconductor switches compared to conventional configuration, thus reducing the total harmonic distortion and switching losses. The effectiveness of the proposed configuration is illustrated by replacing the isolated DC sources in multilevel inverter with individual photovoltaic panels using separate perturb and observer based maximum power point tracking and boost converters. The verification of the proposed system is demonstrated successfully using MATLAB/Simulink based simulation with different irradiation and temperature conditions. Also, the transient operation of the system is verified with results depicted using step change in standard test condition. Selective experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness of proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project proposes about the compensating fault ride-through (FRT) of a wind turbine based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), voltage dip by using a PV supported dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). DVR a custom power device is used in series with grid by using coupling transformer. This device is used to protect the critical load in which the fault occurred due to source side disturbance. PV is used as a source to DVR and during fault PV supports DVR to clear the fault. With the proposed control method, the DVR can compensate for the FRT, while the DFIG wind turbine can continue its normal operation as demanded in actual grid codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]