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Conduire une politique efficace en matière d’adaptation aux évolutions climatiques est un enjeu pour les collectivités et tous les acteurs des territoires, notamment dans le domaine de la gestion de la ressource en eau. À partir des premiers résultats d’une analyse de la gouvernance de la sécheresse dans le bassin versant de la Vilaine aval en Bretagne, cet article nous montre comment les éléments de la gouvernance de l’eau peuvent jouer un rôle dans la mise en place de mesures adaptées à la sécheresse face aux impacts liés au changement climatique.

The evaluation of streamflow predictions forms an essential part of most hydrological modelling studies published in the literature. The evaluation process typically involves the computation of some evaluation metrics, but it can also involve the preliminary processing of the predictions as well as the subsequent processing of the computed metrics. In order for published hydrological studies to be reproducible, these steps need to be carefully documented by the authors. The availability of a single tool performing all of these tasks would simplify not only the documentation by the authors but also the reproducibility by the readers. However, this requires such a tool to be polyglot (i.e. usable in a variety of programming languages) and openly accessible so that it can be used by everyone in the hydrological community. To this end, we developed a new tool named evalhyd that offers metrics and functionalities for the evaluation of deterministic and probabilistic streamflow predictions. It is open source, and it can be used in Python, in R, in C++, or as a command line tool. This article describes the tool and illustrates its functionalities using Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) reforecasts over France as an example data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the Editor: The wide spread of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to last-resource therapeutic options, including extended-spectrum [beta]-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, has re-ignited interest in old antimicrobial drugs, such as fosfomycin (1). [...]

This paper presents a methodological framework designed for the event-based evaluation of short-range hydrometeorological ensemble forecasts, in the specific context of an intense flash-flood event characterized by high spatio-temporal variability. The proposed evaluation adopts the point of view of end-users in charge of the organization of evacuations and rescue operations at a regional scale. Therefore, the local exceedance of discharge thresholds should be anticipated in time and accurately localized. A step-by-step approach is proposed, including first an evaluation of the rainfall forecasts. This first step helps to define appropriate spatial and temporal scales for the evaluation. The anticipation of hydrological responses (discharge thresholds) is then analyzed, with a focus on the flood rising limb period, and using simulated flows and zero-future rainfall forecasts as references. Based on this second step, several gauged sub-catchments are selected, at which a detailed evaluation of the forecast hydrographs is finally achieved. This methodology is tested and illustrated on the October 2018 flash-flood, which affected part of the Aude River basin (southeastern France). Three ensemble rainfall now casting research products recently proposed by Météo-France are evaluated and compared. The results confirm the added value of these ensembles to improve discharge threshold detection and anticipation, but at the price of a significant increase of false alarms. Finally, even if the evaluation of ensemble hydro-meteorological forecasts based on a low number of documented flood events remains challenging due to the limited statistical representation of the available data, the evaluation framework proposed herein should contribute to draw robust conclusions about the usefulness of newly developed rainfall ensemble forecast approaches, and about their limits and possible improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]