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Aim: To compare the perspective of nurses, long-stay immigrants and cultural mediators on intercultural communication in care encounters., Design: Qualitative secondary analysis of data obtained in two primary studies., Methods: Two sets of data from two primary studies on nurses and long-stay immigrants (including in total two focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews) were merged. The sample was extended to include a focus group of cultural mediators. An amplified analysis was conducted using Charmaz's approach to grounded theory., Results: The results are structured under the core category "Agreements and discrepancies in intercultural communication," split into two subcategories: (1) Communication and the role of culture; (2) (Non) equitable and culturally (in)sensitive care. Immigrant patients and mediators detect barriers associated with generic aspects of communication, while nurses and mediators value culture. Nurses recognise paternalistic attitudes, while long-stay immigrants sometimes detect biased treatment that mediators do not see. Immigrant patients and mediators value informal conversation as a strategy for cultural learning and building mutual trust, while nurses request regulated training., Conclusion: The findings show that there are always discrepancies in this relationship. Changes to health care should be based on the participation of all actors. Communication skills training programs should be implemented., Implications for the Profession And/or Patient Care: The convergences and divergences of nurses, immigrants and mediators expose new ways to approach care. Communication skills training programs should be implemented. Changes to health care should be based on the participation of all actors, including immigrant patients and mediators, and allow them to voice their opinions and make decisions., Impact: This study addresses intercultural communication from three different perspectives: nurses, long-stay immigrants and cultural mediators. Nurses, long-stay immigrants and cultural mediators sometimes show convergence but never completely agree. The research may have an impact on primary-care nursing by making it more culturally competent., Patient or Public Contribution: Each participating long-stay immigrant, nurse and cultural mediator reviewed their own interview. The findings were reviewed by a verifier member of each group (a nurse, patient and mediator)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Understanding the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for efficient monitoring and control strategies. The ProHEpic-19 cohort provides a fine-grained description of the kinetics of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection with an exceptional resolution over 17 months., Methods: We established a cohort of 769 healthcare workers including healthy and infected with SARS-CoV-2 in northern Barcelona to determine the kinetics of the IgM against the nucleocapsid (N) and the IgG against the N and spike (S) of SARS-CoV-2 in infected healthcare workers. The study period was from 5 May 2020 to 11 November 2021.We used non-linear mixed models to investigate the kinetics of IgG and IgM measured at nine time points over 17 months from the date of diagnosis. The model included factors of time, gender, and disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-moderate, severe-critical) to assess their effects and their interactions., Findings: 474 of the 769 participants (61.6%) became infected with SARS-CoV-2. Significant effects of gender and disease severity were found for the levels of all three antibodies. Median IgM(N) levels were already below the positivity threshold in patients with asymptomatic and mild-moderate disease at day 270 after the diagnosis, while IgG(N and S) levels remained positive at least until days 450 and 270, respectively. Kinetic modelling showed a general rise in both IgM(N) and IgG(N) levels up to day 30, followed by a decay with a rate depending on disease severity. IgG(S) levels remained relatively constant from day 15 over time., Interpretation: IgM(N) and IgG(N, S) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed a heterogeneous kinetics over the 17 months. Only the IgG(S) showed a stable increase, and the levels and the kinetics of antibodies varied according to disease severity. The kinetics of IgM and IgG observed over a year also varied by clinical spectrum can be very useful for public health policies around vaccination criteria in adult population., Funding: Regional Ministry of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Call COVID19-PoC SLT16_04; NCT04885478)., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

There is a gap between the preferences of immigrant patients and their experiences with intercultural communication. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of long-stay immigrants on intercultural communication in encounters with primary care (PC) nurses. Participants were selected by purposive sampling at the Maresme Primary Care Center. A focus group and five in-depth interviews with long-stay immigrants from eight countries were carried out. Data collection was guided by a script previously validated by a group of experts. We conducted a qualitative analysis following Charmaz's approach, and data saturation was reached with 11 patients (one focus group and five interviews). Long-stay immigrants would like closer and more personalized communication exchanges with greater humanity, as well as polite and respectful manners as they perceive signs of an asymmetrical care relationship. Those who had negative communication experiences tried to justify some of the behaviors as a result of having free access to public health services. This is one of the few existing studies from the point of view of long-stay immigrants. Achieving effective intercultural communication requires a process of self-reflection, awareness-raising and commitment, both on a personal and institutional level, to eliminate the asymmetry in the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses should be trained in person-centered intercultural communication.

The process of international migration causes a situation of vulnerability in people's health and greater difficulty in coping with disease. Furthermore, the adversities suffered during migration can trigger reactive signs of stress and cause anxious, depressive, confusional and somatic symptoms. This article studies the relationships between psychosocial risk, psychological distress and somatization in immigrants from four communities: Maghrebis, Sub-Saharans, South Americans and South Asian. A cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaires on 602 immigrants who were surveyed in the primary care centers of an urban area of Catalonia. The instruments used were the Demographic Psychosocial Inventory (DPSI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI). The average psychosocial risk obtained was 0.35, with the highest values in the Sub-Saharan community. Psychological distress showed a mean value of 0.66, with the Sub-Saharan community scoring the lowest in all dimensions except depression. The average somatization values were 1.65, with the Sub-Saharan community scoring the least. The female gender is a risk factor for somatization and psychological distress. Perceived psychosocial risk is a predictor of psychological distress, but not somatization, suggesting that the use of more adaptive coping strategies could minimize the effect of the migration process on somatizations.