3,703 results on '"Ran, Tao"'
Search Results
2. Bile acids induce liver fibrosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the mechanism of FXR inhibition of NLRP3 activation
- Author
-
Feng, Shu, Xie, Xingming, Li, Jianchao, Xu, Xu, Chen, Chaochun, Zou, Gaoliang, Lin, Guoyuan, Huang, Tao, Hu, Ruihan, Ran, Tao, Han, Lu, Zhang, Qingxiu, Li, Yuanqingxiao, and Zhao, Xueke
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Subtype-specific neurons from patient iPSCs display distinct neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
-
Ran Tao, Chunmei Yue, Zhijie Guo, Wenke Guo, Yao Yao, Xianfa Yang, Zhen Shao, Chao Gao, Jianqing Ding, Lu Shen, Shengdi Chen, and Naihe Jing
- Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ,iPSC ,Cellular model ,Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) ,Cortical glutamatergic neuron ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive neuronal loss in the brain. Both cortical glutamatergic neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in the AD brain are selectively vulnerable. The degeneration and dysfunction of these two subtypes of neurons are closely associated with the cognitive decline of AD patients. The determination of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis, especially in the early stage, will largely facilitate the understanding of this disease and the development of proper intervention strategies. However, due to the inaccessibility of living neurons in the brains of patients, it remains unclear how cortical glutamatergic neurons and BFCNs respond to pathological stress in the early stage of AD. In this study, we established in vitro differentiation systems that can efficiently differentiate patient-derived iPSCs into BFCNs. We found that AD-BFCNs secreted less Aβ peptide than cortical glutamatergic neurons did, even though the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was comparable to that of cortical glutamatergic neurons. To further mimic the neurotoxic niche in AD brain, we treated iPSC-derived neurons with Aβ42 oligomer (AβO). BFCNs are less sensitive to AβO induced tau phosphorylation and expression than cortical glutamatergic neurons. However, AβO could trigger apoptosis in both AD-cortical glutamatergic neurons and AD-BFCNs. In addition, AD iPSC-derived BFCNs and cortical glutamatergic neurons exhibited distinct electrophysiological firing patterns and elicited different responses to AβO treatment. These observations revealed that subtype-specific neurons display distinct neuropathological changes during the progression of AD, which might help to understand AD pathogenesis at the cellular level.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Influence of different cleaning methods on the concentration of airborne endotoxins and microbial aerosols in the oral clinical environment
- Author
-
Yaru Du, Ran Tao, Meiling Shi, Bing Liu, and Fei Zhao
- Subjects
Airborne endotoxins ,Microbial aerosols ,Natural settling method ,Oral clinical environment ,Surface sampling method ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract Aim This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various cleaning methods in reducing airborne endotoxin and microbial aerosols during oral cleaning procedures. Method Forty patients undergoing oral cleaning procedures were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10 per group). Group A received strong suction alone; Group B received strong suction combined with an air disinfection machine; Group C received strong suction combined with a dental electric suction machine; Group D received strong suction in conjunction with both an air disinfection machine and a dental electric suction machine. Airborne aerosol concentrations were assessed at four-time points: before treatment, 30 min into treatment, immediately after treatment, and 60 min after treatment ended. Samples were collected at distances of 20 cm, 60 cm, and 1 m from the patient’s oral cavity using the natural sedimentation method. T-test was used to evaluate the difference among tested groups. Results Airborne endotoxins and microbial aerosols levels increased significantly during treatment, with the highest levels observed at 20 cm from the patient’s mouth. During treatment, groups with additional cleaning methods (Groups B, C, and D) exhibited higher levels of airborne endotoxins and microbial aerosols compared to Group A (strong suction alone). However, post-treatment analysis revealed that Group D demonstrated the lowest level of airborne endotoxins and microbial aerosols, while Group A exhibited the highest. Conclusions Implementing effective aerosol management strategies can significantly reduce aerosol dispersion in the oral clinical environment. Continuous monitoring aerosol concentrations and the application of appropriate control measures are essential for minimizing infection risks for both patients and healthcare providers during oral cleaning procedures.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Soybean oil induces neuroinflammatory response through brain-gut axis under high-fat diet
- Author
-
Xiangyan Liu, Ran Tao, Fangrui Guo, Linyu Zhang, Jianyu Qu, Mengyao Li, Xiaoran Wu, Xianglin Wang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Lixin Wen, and Ji Wang
- Subjects
Dietary fat ,Neuroinflammation ,Gut microbiota ,Soybean oil ,Lard ,Medicine - Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered the principal pathogenic mechanism underlying neurodegenerative diseases, and the incidence of brain disorders is closely linked to dietary fat consumption and intestinal health. To investigate this relationship, 60 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a 20-week dietary intervention, wherein they were fed lard and soybean oil, each at 15% and 35% fat energy. At a dietary fat energy level of 35%, inflammation was observed in both the soybean oil and lard groups. Nevertheless, inflammation was more pronounced in the mice that were administered soybean oil. The process by which nerve cell structure is compromised, inflammatory factors are upregulated, brain antioxidant capacity is diminished, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 inflammatory pathway is activated resulting in damage to the brain-gut barrier. This, in turn, leads to a reduction in the abundance of Akkermansia and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, as well as an increase in Dubosiella abundance, ultimately resulting in brain inflammation and damage. These results suggested that soybean oil induces more severe neuroinflammation compared to lard. Our study demonstrated that, at a dietary fat energy level of 35%, compared to soybean oil, lard could be the healthier option, the outcomes would help provide a reference basis for the selection of residents’ daily dietary oil.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Antifungal mechanism of nanosilver biosynthesized with Trichoderma longibrachiatum and its potential to control muskmelon Fusarium wilt
- Author
-
Xian Liu, Tong Li, Xiaohui Cui, Ran Tao, and Zenggui Gao
- Subjects
AgNPs ,Trichoderma longibrachiatum ,Fusarium oxysporum ,Antifungal mechanism ,Muskmelon seed germination and growth ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) f.sp. melonis, which causes muskmelon wilt disease, is a destructive filamentous fungal pathogen, attracting more attention to the search for effective fungicides against this pathogen. In particular, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have strong antimicrobial properties and they are not easy to develop drug resistance, which provides new ideas for the prevention and control of muskmelon Fusarium wilt (MFW). This paper studied the effects of AgNPs on the growth and development of muskmelon, the control efficacy on Fusarium wilt of muskmelon and the antifungal mechanism of AgNPs to F. oxysporum. The results showed that AgNPs could inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum on the PDA and in the PDB medium at 100–200 mg/L and the low concentration of 25 mg/L AgNPs could promote the seed germination and growth of muskmelon seedlings and reduce the incidence of muskmelon Fusarium wilt. Further studies on the antifungal mechanism showed that AgNPs could impair the development, damage cell structure, and interrupt cellular metabolism pathways of this fungus. TEM observation revealed that AgNPs treatment led to damage to the cell wall and membrane and accumulation of vacuoles and vessels, causing the leakage of intracellular contents. AgNPs treatment significantly hampered the growth of mycelia in the PDB medium, even causing a decrease in biomass. Biochemical properties showed that AgNPs treatment stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 6 h, subsequently producing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing protective enzyme activity. After 6 h, the protective enzyme activity decreased. These results indicated that AgNPs destroy the cell structure and affect the metabolisms, eventually leading to the death of fungus.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Ultrastrong, flexible thermogalvanic armor with a Carnot-relative efficiency over 8%
- Author
-
Jinpei Wang, Yuxin Song, Fanfei Yu, Yijun Zeng, Chenyang Wu, Xuezhi Qin, Liang Peng, Yitan Li, Yongsen Zhou, Ran Tao, Hangchen Liu, Hong Zhu, Ming Sun, Wanghuai Xu, Chao Zhang, and Zuankai Wang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Body heat, a clean and ubiquitous energy source, is promising as a renewable resource to supply wearable electronics. Emerging tough thermogalvanic device could be a sustainable platform to convert body heat energy into electricity for powering wearable electronics if its Carnot-relative efficiency (η r ) reaches ~5%. However, maximizing both the η r and mechanical strength of the device are mutually exclusive. Here, we develop a rational strategy to construct a flexible thermogalvanic armor (FTGA) with a η r over 8% near room temperature, yet preserving mechanical robustness. The key to our design lies in simultaneously realizing the thermosensitive-crystallization and salting-out effect in the elaborately designed ion-transport highway to boost η r and improve mechanical strength. The FTGA achieves an ultrahigh η r of 8.53%, coupling with impressive mechanical toughness of 70.65 MJ m−3 and substantial elongation (~900%) together. Our strategy holds sustainable potential for harvesting body heat and powering wearable electronics without recharging.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. “Planeterranean” diet: the new proposal for the Mediterranean-based food pyramid for Asia
- Author
-
Franchi, Carlotta, Orsini, Francesca, Cantelli, Federica, Ardoino, Ilaria, Piscitelli, Prisco, Shaji, Shana, Ran, Tao, Ainslie, Nicholas, Graziadio, Chiara, Vetrani, Claudia, and Colao, Annamaria
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Castration alters the ileum microbiota of Holstein bulls and promotes beef flavor compounds
- Author
-
Shi, Jinping, Li, Zemin, Jia, Li, Ma, Yue, Huang, Yongliang, He, Pengjia, Ran, Tao, Liu, Wangjing, Zhang, Wangdong, Cheng, Qiang, Zhang, Zhao, and Lei, Zhaomin
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Association between socioeconomic status and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a prospective cohort study
- Author
-
Yujie Hua, Xikang Fan, Mengshi Yang, Jian Su, Jia Guo, Jianrong Jin, Dianjianyi Sun, Pei Pei, Canqing Yu, Jun Lyu, Ran Tao, Jinyi Zhou, and Yan Lu
- Subjects
Socioeconomic status ,Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,COPD ,Prospective cohort study ,China Kadoorie Biobank ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Socioeconomic status (SES) has been proven to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Western populations, but the evidence is very limited in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and the risk of COPD incident. Methods This study was based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) project in Wuzhong District, Suzhou. A total of 45,484 adults aged 30–79 were included in the analysis during 2004–2008. We used Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the association between SES and the risk of COPD. Household income, education, private property and consumption potential was used to measure SES. Incident COPD cases were ascertained using hospitalization records, death certificates, and active follow-up. Results A total of 524 COPD cases were identified during a median follow-up of 11.2 years. Household income was inversely associated with the risk of COPD (P trend
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Interval prediction of short‐term photovoltaic power based on an improved GRU model
- Author
-
Jing Zhang, Zhuoying Liao, Jie Shu, Jingpeng Yue, Zhenguo Liu, and Ran Tao
- Subjects
coverage width‐based criterion ,improved gate recurrent unit ,interval prediction ,short‐term photovoltaic power prediction ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power is crucial for planning, constructing, and scheduling high‐penetration distributed PV power systems. Traditional point prediction methods suffer from instability and lack reliability, which can be effectively addressed through interval prediction. This study proposes a short‐term PV power interval prediction method based on the framework of sparrow search algorithm (SSA)‐variational mode decomposition (VMD)‐convolutional neural network (CNN)‐gate recurrent unit (GRU). First, PV data undergo similar day clustering based on permutation entropy and VMD is applied to solar radiation signals with high correlation. Then, the hyperparameters of GRU are optimized by SSA according to the comprehensive evaluation indicator of interval prediction proposed in this study. Subsequently, quantile prediction results are obtained based on CNN‐GRU using the optimal parameters from SSA optimization. Finally, the prediction interval is composed of multiple quantile prediction results. A MATLAB R2022b program is developed to compare different prediction methods. The results demonstrate that compared to single neural network methods, the proposed method effectively improves the coverage width‐based criterion. In the interval prediction of sunny and rainy similar days, the comprehensive evaluation indicators of the proposed method are only 54.3% and 37.4% of the single GRU, respectively, indicating significantly improved interval prediction accuracy.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Analysis of the temporal, spatial, and frequency law of the internal flow in a prototype vaned mixed‐flow pump
- Author
-
Chenhan Su, Jiahao Lu, Ran Tao, Di Zhu, and Ruofu Xiao
- Subjects
entropy production rate ,mixed‐flow pump ,pressure pulsation ,rotor–stator interaction ,time‐frequency transformation ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Mixed‐flow pump is a typical pump using in low‐head cases of water lifting. The flow field pulsation is usually an important issue in the operation of mixed‐flow pumps and their pumping statins. Due to its large size, it is difficult to monitor the internal flow characteristics well, based on computational fluid dynamics, we use 5678 monitoring points which arranged in the impeller and fixed vane with using the high pulsation tracking network, and the pressure pulsation signals are analyzed by fast Fourier transform and variable mode decomposition to decompose the main frequency and intensity of the pressure pulsation signals, then analyze the energy dissipation with the entropy production rate (EPR). It is found that there are strong low‐frequency (0.416, 0.625, and 1.67 Hz) pressure pulsation near hub, and the pressure pulsation on the shroud is stronger than that on the hub (at least three times or more); there are strong and stable pressure pulsation (25 Hz) on the shroud generated by the rotor–stator interference (RSI); and the EPR in the flow field can be well combined with the signal. Reasonably allocating material strength and controlling the number of vanes and impellers to avoid producing a common multiple can avoid pressure pulsation caused by RSI and reduce energy dissipation. Therefore, it is very effective in improving the efficiency of this part. Under low flow conditions, the siphon outflow passage can predict the high‐frequency (45.833 Hz) attenuation area well through the phase signal decomposition of the signal, which has certain significance for improving its stability and efficiency.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. In-ice light measurements during the MOSAiC expedition
- Author
-
Niels Fuchs, Philipp Anhaus, Mario Hoppmann, Torbjoern Kagel, Christian Katlein, Ronja Reese, Leif Riemenschneider, Ran Tao, Ricarda Winkelmann, and Dirk Notz
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstracts We present light measurements in Arctic sea ice obtained during the year-long MOSAiC drift through the central Arctic Ocean in 2019–2020. Such measurements are important as sea ice plays a fundamental role in the Arctic climate and ecosystem. The partitioning of solar irradiance determines the availability of radiation energy for thermodynamic processes and primary productivity. However, observations of light partitioning along the vertical path through the ice are rare. The data we present were collected by two measurement systems, the lightharp and the lightchain, both measuring autonomously multi-spectral light intensity in different depths within the ice. We present the dataset, retrieval methods for derived optical properties, and the conversion into the final, freely available data product, following standardized conventions. We particularly focus on the specifications of the newly developed lightharp system. Combined with the interdisciplinary and multi-instrument setup of MOSAiC, we expect great potential of the dataset to foster our understanding of light transmission and reflection in the sea-ice cover and interactions with physical sea-ice properties and the polar ecosystem.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Using genome and transcriptome data from African-ancestry female participants to identify putative breast cancer susceptibility genes
- Author
-
Jie Ping, Guochong Jia, Qiuyin Cai, Xingyi Guo, Ran Tao, Christine Ambrosone, Dezheng Huo, Stefan Ambs, Mollie E. Barnard, Yu Chen, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Jian Gu, Jennifer J. Hu, Esther M. John, Christopher I. Li, Katherine Nathanson, Barbara Nemesure, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Tuya Pal, Michael F. Press, Maureen Sanderson, Dale P. Sandler, Toshio Yoshimatsu, Prisca O. Adejumo, Thomas Ahearn, Abenaa M. Brewster, Anselm J. M. Hennis, Timothy Makumbi, Paul Ndom, Katie M. O’Brien, Andrew F. Olshan, Mojisola M. Oluwasanu, Sonya Reid, Song Yao, Ebonee N. Butler, Maosheng Huang, Atara Ntekim, Bingshan Li, Melissa A. Troester, Julie R. Palmer, Christopher A. Haiman, Jirong Long, and Wei Zheng
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract African-ancestry (AA) participants are underrepresented in genetics research. Here, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) in AA female participants to identify putative breast cancer susceptibility genes. We built genetic models to predict levels of gene expression, exon junction, and 3′ UTR alternative polyadenylation using genomic and transcriptomic data generated in normal breast tissues from 150 AA participants and then used these models to perform association analyses using genomic data from 18,034 cases and 22,104 controls. At Bonferroni-corrected P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Using Conventional Ruminant Techniques and Molecular Spectroscopy to Study the Impact of Additive Fibrolytic Enzymes and Maturity Stage on Nutritional and Molecular Structural Changes of Legume and Legume-Cereal Intercropped Silage
- Author
-
Guevara, Victor, primary, Nagy, Carlene, additional, Yang, Jen-Chieh, additional, He, Jiangfeng, additional, E. Rodriguez-Espinosa, Maria, additional, Zhang, Weixian, additional, Ran, Tao, additional, and Yu, Peiqiang, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Rapid antiretroviral therapy and treatment outcomes among people living with HIV: exploring the mediating roles of medication adherence
- Author
-
Hao Chen, Ran Tao, Lingli Wu, Cheng Chen, and Jingchun He
- Subjects
HIV ,rapid ART initiation ,medication adherence ,viral failure ,mediation effect ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionThe rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its impact on treatment outcomes have been a subject of global public health interest. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of rapid ART initiation remain unclear.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined data from 1846 HIV-infected individuals in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China, spanning from 2016 to 2022. Logistic regression models and serial mediation analysis were used to explore the influence of rapid ART initiation on treatment outcomes and the role of medication adherence as a mediating factor.ResultsThe findings revealed a significant association between rapid ART initiation and reduced risk of viral failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.320, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.161, 0.637]), as well as an increased likelihood of improved adherence (adjusted OR = 2.053, 95% CI = [1.226, 3.438]). Medication adherence was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between rapid ART initiation and viral failure, explaining 10.5% of the total effect.DiscussionIn conclusion,rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy was found to enhance treatment outcomes, emphasizing the importance of early adherence education. The study recommends early initiation of ART coupled with adherence education and psychological counseling for HIV-infected individuals.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Advances of immune-checkpoint inhibition of CTLA-4 in pancreatic cancer
- Author
-
Ran Ni, Zhiming Hu, and Ran Tao
- Subjects
Pancreatic cancer ,Immune checkpoint inhibitor ,CTLA-4 ,Combination therapy ,Tumor microenvironment ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Targeting checkpoints for immune cell activation has been acknowledged known as one of the most effective way to activate anti-tumor immune responses. Among them, drugs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are approved for clinical treatment though several more are in advanced stages of development, which demonstrated durable response rates and manageable safety profile. However, its therapy efficacy is unsatisfactory in pancreatic cancer (PC), which can be limited by the overall condition of patients, the pathological type of PC, the expression level of tumor related genes, etc. To improve clinical efficiency, various researches have been conducted, and the efficacy of combination therapy showed significantly improvement compared to monotherapy. This review analyzed current strategies based on anti-CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy, providing totally new idea for future research.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Based on experiment and quantum chemical calculations: a study of the co-pyrolysis mechanism of polyesterimide enameled wires with polyvinyl chloride and the catalytic effect of endogenous metal Cu
- Author
-
Ran Tao, Bin Li, Yufeng Wu, Wei Zhang, Lijuan Zhao, Haoran Yuan, Jing Gu, and Yong Chen
- Subjects
Enameled wires ,Pyrolysis ,Polyesterimide (PEsI) ,Recycle ,Density functional theory (DFT) ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 - Abstract
Pyrolysis technology is a green and efficient method for recycling enameled wires. However, since waste enameled wires are typically recovered from electronic waste, they often contain small amounts of wires and cables. Therefore, during the pyrolysis process of waste enameled wires, it is inevitable for the paint film and the cable sheath to undergo co-pyrolysis. Polyesterimide enameled wires (EPEsI) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were chosen as represent enameled wires and cable sheath materials, respectively. Using thermogravimetric analysis with various pyrolysis kinetic analysis methods, the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of EPEsI and Mixture (mixture of EPEsI and PVC) were studied. Through synergy analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, the influence of PVC on the pyrolysis of EPEsI was elucidated from aspects such as pyrolysis characteristics and product distribution. Based on density functional theory calculations and wave function analysis, the role of endogenous metal Cu in EPEsI on the pyrolysis processes of PEsI and PVC, as well as the mechanism of HCl from PVC on the pyrolysis of PEsI, were clarified.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. New insights into the role of Klotho in inflammation and fibrosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms
- Author
-
Xinyue Zhao, Donghe Han, Chun Zhao, Fengfan Yang, Zhimei Wang, Yujiao Gao, Meihua Jin, and Ran Tao
- Subjects
anti-aging ,inflammation ,tissue fibrosis ,Klotho ,therapy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
As the body’s defense mechanism against damage and infection, the inflammatory response is a pathological process that involves a range of inflammatory cells and cytokines. A healthy inflammatory response helps the body repair by eliminating dangerous irritants. However, tissue fibrosis can result from an overly intense or protracted inflammatory response. The anti-aging gene Klotho suppresses oxidation, delays aging, and fosters development of various organs. Numerous investigations conducted in the last few years have discovered that Klotho expression is changed in a variety of clinical diseases and is strongly linked to the course and outcome of a disease. Klotho functions as a co-receptor for FGF and as a humoral factor that mediates intracellular signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), renin -angiotensin system (RAS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). It also interferes with the phenotype and function of inflammatory cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Additionally, it regulates the production of inflammatory factors. This article aims to examine Klotho’s scientific advances in terms of tissue fibrosis and the inflammatory response in order to provide novel therapy concepts for fibrotic and inflammatory disorders.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. National centralized drug procurement and health care expenditure of households—micro-evidence from CFPS
- Author
-
Xin Li, Ran Tao, Yuning Jin, and Na Li
- Subjects
national centralized drug procurement (NCDP) ,household health care expenditure ,health care policy reform ,household economic ,CFPS ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
ObjectiveThis paper utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to evaluate the impact of the “4 + 7” National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) on Per Capita Household Health Care Expenditure (PCHHCE).MethodsThe study applies the Differences-in-Differences (DID) methodology to analyze the effects of NCDP. Various robustness tests were conducted, including the Permutation test, Propensity Score Matching, alterations in regression methodologies, and consideration of individual fixed effects.ResultsResearch indicates that the implementation of NCDP led to a reduction of 10.6% in PCHHCE. The results remained consistent across all robustness tests. Additionally, the research identifies diversity in NCDP effects among various household characteristics, with a more significant impact on households residing in rural regions of China, enrolled in Basic Medical Insurance for urban and rural residents and urban workers, and having an income bracket of 25–75%.ConclusionThese findings carry policy implications for the future expansion and advancement of NCDP in China. The study highlights the effectiveness of NCDP in reducing healthcare expenditures and suggests potential areas for policy improvement and further research.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Deuteration‐Induced Energy Level Structure Reconstruction of Carbon Dots for Enhancing Photoluminescence
- Author
-
Zimin Yao, Xiaokun Wen, Xia Hong, Ran Tao, Feifei Yin, Shuo Cao, Jiayi Yan, Kexin Wang, and Jiwei Wang
- Subjects
carbon dots ,deuteration ,energy level structure ,photoluminescence ,white‐light‐emitting diodes ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Constrained by a limited understanding of the structure and luminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs), achieving precise enhancement of their photoluminescence (PL) performance without altering the emission wavelength and color remains a challenge. In this work, a deuterated CD is first achieved by simply replacing the reaction solvent from H2O to D2O. The substitution of D atoms for H atoms is not limited on the surface but also within the internal structure of CDs. Deuteration affects the formation of the π‐conjugated network structure by altering the content of sp2 carbon and sp3 carbon, ultimately inducing a reconstruction for energy level structure of CDs. Both the intrinsic state and surface state emission, including quantum yield, emission intensity and lifetime, are significantly enhanced after deuteration. It benefits from the reduction in non‐radiative transitions, since the lowered vibrational frequencies of D atoms and optimized local energy level distribution in CDs structure. The deuterated CDs are applied in the fabrication of white‐light‐emitting diodes to show their application potential. This work provides a highly versatile route for improving and controlling photoluminescence performance of CDs and has opportunities to guide the development of CDs for practical applications.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. One-size-fits-all versus risk-category-based screening interval strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort studyResearch in context
- Author
-
Zhijia Sun, Yu Ma, Canqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Yuanjie Pang, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Huaidong Du, Hao Zhang, Xiaoming Yang, Maxim Barnard, Robert Clarke, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Jun Lv, Rory Collins, Richard Peto, Robin Walters, Daniel Avery, Derrick Bennett, Lazaros Belbasis, Ruth Boxall, Ka Hung Chan, Charlotte Clarke, Johnathan Clarke, Ahmed Edris Mohamed, Hannah Fry, Simon Gilbert, Pek Kei Im, Andri Iona, Maria Kakkoura, Christiana Kartsonaki, Hubert Lam, Kuang Lin, James Liu, Mohsen Mazidi, Iona Millwood, Sam Morris, Qunhua Nie, Alfred Pozarickij, Maryanm Rahmati, Paul Ryder, Saredo Said, Dan Schmidt, Becky Stevens, Iain Turnbull, Baihan Wang, Lin Wang, Neil Wright, Pang Yao, Xiao Han, Can Hou, Qingmei Xia, Chao Liu, Lang Pan, Zengchang Pang, Ruqin Gao, Shanpeng Li, Haiping Duan, Shaojie Wang, Yongmei Liu, Ranran Du, Yajing Zang, Liang Cheng, Xiaocao Tian, Hua Zhang, Yaoming Zhai, Feng Ning, Xiaohui Sun, Feifei Li, Silu Lv, Junzheng Wang, Wei Hou, Wei Sun, Shichun Yan, Xiaoming Cui, Chi Wang, Zhenyuan Wu, Yanjie Li, Quan Kang, Huiming Luo, Tingting Ou, Xiangyang Zheng, Zhendong Guo, Shukuan Wu, Yilei Li, Huimei Li, Ming Wu, Yonglin Zhou, Jinyi Zhou, Ran Tao, Jie Yang, Jian Su. Fang Liu, Jun Zhang, Yihe Hu, Yan Lu, Liangcai Ma, Aiyu Tang, Shuo Zhang, Jianrong Jin, Jingchao Liu, Mei Lin, Zhenzhen Lu, Lifang Zhou, Changping Xie, Jian Lan, Tingping Zhu, Yun Liu, Liuping Wei, Liyuan Zhou, Ningyu Chen, Yulu Qin, Sisi Wang, Xianping Wu, Ningmei Zhang, Xiaofang Chen, Xiaoyu Chang, Mingqiang Yuan, Xia Wu, Wei Jiang, Jiaqiu Liu, Qiang Sun, Faqing Chen, Xiaolan Ren, Caixia Dong, Hui Zhang, Enke Mao, Xiaoping Wang, Tao Wang, Xi Zhang, Kai Kang, Shixian Feng, Huizi Tian, Lei Fan, XiaoLin Li, Huarong Sun, Pan He, Xukui Zhang, Min Yu, Ruying Hu, Hao Wang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Yuan Cao, Kaixu Xie, Lingli Chen, Dun Shen, Xiaojun Li, Donghui Jin, Li Yin, Huilin Liu, Zhongxi Fu, Xin Xu, Jianwei Chen, Yuan Peng, Libo Zhang, and Chan Qu
- Subjects
Cardiovascular disease ,Screening ,Primary prevention ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: In non-high-risk individuals, risk-category-based atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) screening strategies may be more cost-effective than one-size-fits-all approaches. However, current decisions are constrained by a lack of research evidence. We aimed to explore appropriate risk-category-based screening interval strategies for non-high-risk individuals in ASCVD primary prevention in the Chinese population. Methods: We used data from 28,624 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) who had completed at least two field surveys. The risk assessment tools were the 10-year ASCVD risk prediction models developed based on the CKB cohort. We constructed multistate Markov models to model disease progression and estimate transition probabilities between different risk categories. The total person-years spent unidentified in the high-risk state over a 10-year period were calculated for each screening interval protocol. We also estimated the number of ASCVD events prevented, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and costs saved when compared to the 3-yearly screening protocol. Findings: When compared to the uniform 3-yearly protocol, most risk-category-based screening interval protocols would identify more high-risk individuals timely, thus preventing more ASCVD events and gaining QALYs. A few of them would reduce total health-care costs. The protocol, which used 6-year, 3-year, and 2-year screening intervals for low-risk, intermediate-low-risk, and intermediate-high risk individuals, was optimal, and would reduce the person-years spent unidentified in the high-risk category by 17.9% (95% CI: 13.1%–21.9%), thus preventing an estimated 113 thousand (95% CI: 83–138) hard ASCVD events for Chinese adults aged 30–79 over a 10-year period. When using a lower cost of statin therapy, more screening protocols would gain QALYs while saving costs. Interpretation: For the primary prevention of ASCVD, risk-category-based screening protocols outperformed the one-size-fits-all approach in the Chinese population. Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82192904, 82388102, 82192900) and grants (2023YFC2509400) from the National Key R&D Program of China. The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up is supported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z), grants (2016YFC0900500) from the National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China (81390540, 91846303, 81941018), and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Disruption of zebrafish sex differentiation by emerging contaminants hexafluoropropylene oxides at environmental concentrations via antagonizing androgen receptor pathways
- Author
-
Tingyu Lu, Wei Zheng, Fanglin Hu, Xicha Lin, Ran Tao, Minjie Li, and Liang-Hong Guo
- Subjects
Hexafluoropropylene oxide ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Sex differentiation ,Zebrafish ,Androgen receptor ,Antagonist ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
As alternatives of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimeric acid (HFPO-DA) and trimeric acid (HFPO-TA) have been detected increasingly in environmental media and even humans. They have been shown to exhibit reproductive toxicity to model species, but their effects on human remain unclear due to the knowledge gap in their mode of action. Herein, (anti-)androgenic effects of the two HFPOs and PFOA were investigated and underlying toxicological mechanism was explored by combining zebrafish test, cell assay and molecular docking simulation. Exposure of juvenile zebrafish to the chemicals during sex differentiation promoted feminization, with HFPO-TA acting at an environmental concentration of 1 μg/L. The chemicals inhibited proliferation of human prostate cells and transcriptional activity of human and zebrafish androgen receptors (AR), with HFPO-TA displaying the strongest potency. Molecular docking revealed that the chemicals bind to AR in a conformation similar to a known AR antagonist. Combined in vivo, in vitro and in silico results demonstrated that the chemicals disrupted sex differentiation likely by antagonizing AR-mediated pathways, and provided more evidence that HFPO-TA is not a safe alternative to PFOA.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Robust Adaptive MPC Using Uncertainty Compensation.
- Author
-
Ran Tao, Pan Zhao 0003, Ilya V. Kolmanovsky, and Naira Hovakimyan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. SHAF: Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Alignment and Fusion for Composed Image Retrieval.
- Author
-
Cairong Yan, Erhe Yang, Ran Tao 0005, Yongquan Wan, and Derun Ai
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Fast Algorithm Design for the Constant-Envelope Precoding in Massive Mimo Communications with Interference Exploitation.
- Author
-
Chunxuan Shi, Yongzhe Li, and Ran Tao 0003
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Signal Reconstruction from Nonideal Samples in Fractional Fourier Transform Domain.
- Author
-
Xiaoping Liu, Gong Chen, Jun Shi, and Ran Tao
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. OFDM Waveform Design with Good Correlation Level and Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio for the Joint MIMO Radar And Communications.
- Author
-
Xiaonan Xu, Yongzhe Li, Ran Tao 0003, and Tao Shan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Design of Spatial-Slow-Time Constant-Modulus Waveform Transmission and Receive Adaptive Filter for Dual-Function Radar Communications with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface.
- Author
-
Yuxuan Zhen, Chunxuan Shi, Yongzhe Li, and Ran Tao 0003
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Sport Action Evaluation Based on Human Pose Estimation: A Case of Evaluating Golf Swing Action.
- Author
-
Xiaoyan Li, Ran Tao, Yong Wang, Yi Ding, and Xin Luo
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Motion Compensation for Synthetic Aperture Passive Localization Based on Weather Radar Signals.
- Author
-
Jiayu Sun, Hao Huan, Ran Tao 0003, Yue Wang 0001, and Xiaogang Tang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes
- Author
-
Zhishan Chen, Xingyi Guo, Ran Tao, Jeroen R. Huyghe, Philip J. Law, Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla, Jie Ping, Guochong Jia, Jirong Long, Chao Li, Quanhu Shen, Yuhan Xie, Maria N. Timofeeva, Minta Thomas, Stephanie L. Schmit, Virginia Díez-Obrero, Matthew Devall, Ferran Moratalla-Navarro, Juan Fernandez-Tajes, Claire Palles, Kitty Sherwood, Sarah E. W. Briggs, Victoria Svinti, Kevin Donnelly, Susan M. Farrington, James Blackmur, Peter G. Vaughan-Shaw, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yingchang Lu, Peter Broderick, James Studd, Tabitha A. Harrison, David V. Conti, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Marilena Melas, Gad Rennert, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Vicente Martín-Sánchez, Jae Hwan Oh, Jeongseon Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Keum Ji Jung, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Aesun Shin, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Dong-Hyun Kim, Isao Oze, Wanqing Wen, Keitaro Matsuo, Koichi Matsuda, Chizu Tanikawa, Zefang Ren, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei-Hua Jia, John L. Hopper, Mark A. Jenkins, Aung Ko Win, Rish K. Pai, Jane C. Figueiredo, Robert W. Haile, Steven Gallinger, Michael O. Woods, Polly A. Newcomb, David Duggan, Jeremy P. Cheadle, Richard Kaplan, Rachel Kerr, David Kerr, Iva Kirac, Jan Böhm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Pekka Jousilahti, Paul Knekt, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Harri Rissanen, Eero Pukkala, Johan G. Eriksson, Tatiana Cajuso, Ulrika Hänninen, Johanna Kondelin, Kimmo Palin, Tomas Tanskanen, Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo, Satu Männistö, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Edward Ruiz-Narvaez, Julie R. Palmer, Daniel D. Buchanan, Elizabeth A. Platz, Kala Visvanathan, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Erin Siegel, Stefanie Brezina, Andrea Gsur, Peter T. Campbell, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner, Martha L. Slattery, John D. Potter, Kostas K. Tsilidis, Matthias B. Schulze, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy, Antoni Castells, Sergi Castellví-Bel, Leticia Moreira, Volker Arndt, Anna Shcherbina, D. Timothy Bishop, Graham G. Giles, Melissa C. Southey, Gregory E. Idos, Kevin J. McDonnell, Zomoroda Abu-Ful, Joel K. Greenson, Katerina Shulman, Flavio Lejbkowicz, Kenneth Offit, Yu-Ru Su, Robert Steinfelder, Temitope O. Keku, Bethany van Guelpen, Thomas J. Hudson, Heather Hampel, Rachel Pearlman, Sonja I. Berndt, Richard B. Hayes, Marie Elena Martinez, Sushma S. Thomas, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Susanna C. Larsson, Yun Yen, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Emily White, Li Li, Kimberly F. Doheny, Elizabeth Pugh, Tameka Shelford, Andrew T. Chan, Marcia Cruz-Correa, Annika Lindblom, David J. Hunter, Amit D. Joshi, Clemens Schafmayer, Peter C. Scacheri, Anshul Kundaje, Robert E. Schoen, Jochen Hampe, Zsofia K. Stadler, Pavel Vodicka, Ludmila Vodickova, Veronika Vymetalkova, Christopher K. Edlund, W. James Gauderman, David Shibata, Amanda Toland, Sanford Markowitz, Andre Kim, Stephen J. Chanock, Franzel van Duijnhoven, Edith J. M. Feskens, Lori C. Sakoda, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Alicja Wolk, Barbara Pardini, Liesel M. FitzGerald, Soo Chin Lee, Shuji Ogino, Stephanie A. Bien, Charles Kooperberg, Christopher I. Li, Yi Lin, Ross Prentice, Conghui Qu, Stéphane Bézieau, Taiki Yamaji, Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Loic Le Marchand, Anna H. Wu, Chenxu Qu, Caroline E. McNeil, Gerhard Coetzee, Caroline Hayward, Ian J. Deary, Sarah E. Harris, Evropi Theodoratou, Stuart Reid, Marion Walker, Li Yin Ooi, Ken S. Lau, Hongyu Zhao, Li Hsu, Qiuyin Cai, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Stephen B. Gruber, Richard S. Houlston, Victor Moreno, Graham Casey, Ulrike Peters, Ian Tomlinson, and Wei Zheng
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Roles of iron and manganese in bimetallic biochar composites for efficient persulfate activation and atrazine removal
- Author
-
Yuan Liang, Ran Tao, Ben Zhao, Zeda Meng, Yuanyuan Cheng, Fan Yang, Huihui Lei, and Lingzhao Kong
- Subjects
Atrazine ,Bimetallic biochar composites ,Persulfate ,Radicals ,Non-radicals ,Degradation pathways ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Agriculture - Abstract
Abstract As for Atrazine (C8H14ClN5) degradation in soil, iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) bimetallic biochar composites were proved to be more efficient for persulfate (PS) activation than monometallic ones. The atrazine removal rates of Fe/Mn loaded biochar + PS systems were 2.17–2.89 times higher than Fe/Mn loaded biochar alone. Compared with monometallic biochar, the higher atrazine removal rates by bimetallic biochar (77.2–96.7%) were mainly attributed to the synergy degradation and adsorption due to the larger amounts of metal oxides on the biochar surface. Atrazine degradation in Fe-rich biochar systems was mainly attributed to free radicals (i.e., $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{ \cdot - }$$ SO 4 · - and ·OH) through oxidative routes, whereas surface-bound radicals, 1O2, and free radicals were responsible for the degradation of atrazine in Mn-rich biochar systems. Furthermore, with a higher ratio of Fe(II) and Mn(III) formed in Fe-rich bimetallic biochar, the valence state exchange between Fe and Mn contributed significantly to the more effective activation of PS and the generation of more free radicals. The pathways of atrazine degradation in the Fe-rich bimetallic biochar systems involved alkyl hydroxylation, alkyl oxidation, dealkylation, and dechlorohydroxylation. The results indicated that bimetallic biochar composites with more Fe and less Mn are more effective for the PS-based degradation of atrazine, which guides the ration design of easily available carbon materials targeted for the efficient remediation of various organic-polluted soil. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Prediction of runner eccentricity and Alford force of a Kaplan turbine based on variational mode decomposition
- Author
-
Zilong Hu, Qiang Liu, Xiaohang Wang, Mingkun Fang, Taiping Chen, Ran Tao, Junfeng Ding, Di Zhu, Ruofu Xiao, and Huanmao Wang
- Subjects
Alford force ,Kaplan turbine ,pressure pulsation ,runner eccentricity ,variational mode decomposition ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The rotor blades of an axial‐flow turbine are cantilever structures, and there is inevitably a gap between them and the casing. Due to factors such as rotor wear and unit vibration, the eccentricity of the impeller will change during the operation of the turbine, resulting in the impeller being affected by additional radial forces, which can even lead to rubbing or biting between the impeller and the casing. To monitor the eccentricity of the impeller and the additional radial forces in real time during the operation of the turbine, this study conducted numerical simulations of the internal flow of the turbine under different eccentricities of the impeller, and analyzed the characteristics of pressure pulsation and impeller radial force in the turbine using the variational mode decomposition method. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the eccentricity of the impeller and the amplitude of the frequency corresponding to the rotor in pressure pulsation at the monitoring point and the Alford force acting on the impeller. Based on this finding, we established mathematical formulas for the relationship between the pressure pulsation at the monitoring point and the eccentricity of the impeller, as well as the eccentricity of the impeller and the Alford force acting on it. According to these formulas, we only need to monitor the pressure pulsation during the operation of the turbine to realize the real‐time monitoring of the eccentricity of the impeller and the Alford force, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the turbine.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Surface and bulk acoustic wave resonators based on aluminum nitride for bandpass filters
- Author
-
Xian-Hu Zha, Jing-Ting Luo, Ran Tao, and Chen Fu
- Subjects
Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Bandpass filters with high frequency and wide bandwidth are indispensable parts of the fifth-generation telecommunication technologies, and currently, they are mainly based on surface and bulk acoustic wave resonators. Owing to its high mechanical strength, excellent stability at elevated temperatures, good thermal conductivity, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, aluminum nitride (AlN) becomes the primary piezoelectric material for high-frequency resonators. This review briefly introduces the structures and key performance parameters of the acoustic resonators. The common filter topologies are also discussed. In particular, research progresses in the piezoelectric AlN layer, electrodes, and substrates of the resonators are elaborated. Increasing the electromechanical coupling constant is the main concern for the AlN film. To synthesize AlN in single-crystalline or poly-crystalline with a high intensity of (0002) orientation, and alloy the AlN with other elements are two effective approaches. For the substrates and bottom electrodes, lattice and thermal expansion mismatch, and surface roughness are critical for the synthesis of a high-crystal-quality piezoelectric layer. The electrodes with low electrical resistance, large acoustic-impedance mismatch to the piezoelectric layer, and low density are ideal to reduce insertion loss. Based on the research progress, several possible research directions in the AlN-based filters are suggested at the end of the paper.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Distinct Lipidomic Profiles between People Living with HIV Treated with E/C/F/TAF or B/F/TAF: An Open-Label Prospective Cohort Study
- Author
-
Zhikai Wan, Junwei Su, Xueling Zhu, Xiang Liu, Yongzheng Guo, Dairong Xiang, Xiaotang Zhou, Xiaorong Peng, Ran Tao, Qing Cao, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, and Biao Zhu
- Subjects
Lipidomic ,HIV ,Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide ,Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide ,Switch ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) has been increasingly replaced by bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) owing to its more favorable pharmacokinetics and fewer drug–drug interactions. However, the effect of this switch on plasma lipids and lipidomic profiles remains poorly characterized. Methods HIV infected patients on an E/C/F/TAF regimen were recruited into the study and followed up every 12 weeks. Participants were divided into E/C/F/TAF and B/F/TAF groups depending on whether they were switched to B/F/TAF during follow-up. Clinical information and blood samples were collected at 0, 12, and 24 weeks, and lipidomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results No significant differences were observed between the groups at baseline. At week 24, patients switched to B/F/TAF had lower triglyceride [mmol/L; 1.23 (0.62) versus 2.03 (0.75), P = 0.001] and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mmol/L; 0.64 (0.26) versus 0.84 (0.32), P = 0.037) compared with patients who continued E/C/F/TAF therapy. Small decrease from baseline in Framingham general cardiovascular risk score (FRS) was observed in the B/F/TAF arm [week (W) 0: 2.59 (1.57) versus W24: 2.18 (1.01), P = 0.043]. Lipidomic analysis indicated that E/C/F/TAF treatment increased the levels of several diglycerides (DGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPCs), whereas switching to B/F/TAF led to increased sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. After adjusting for demographic and clinical parameters, only DG (16:0/18:2), DG (18:2/22:6), DG (18:3/18:2), DG (20:5/18:2), TAG (18:3/18:2/21:5), TAG (20:5/18:2/22:6), and LPC (22:6) were found to be significantly associated with FRS (regression coefficient of 0.17–6.02, P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Clinical effectiveness of a multitarget urine DNA test for urothelial carcinoma detection: a double-blinded, multicenter, prospective trial
- Author
-
Junlong Wu, Yuda Lin, Kaiwei Yang, Xiao Liu, Huina Wang, Tingting Yu, Ran Tao, Jing Guo, Libin Chen, Huanqing Cheng, Feng Lou, Shanbo Cao, Wei Yu, Hailong Hu, and Dingwei Ye
- Subjects
Liquid biopsy ,Urine tumor DNA ,Cancer biomarkers ,Molecular diagnosis ,Early detection ,Urothelial carcinoma ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Urine-based testing is promising for noninvasive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) but has suboptimal sensitivity for early-stage tumors. Herein, we developed a multitarget urine tumor DNA test, UI-Seek, for UC detection and evaluated its clinical feasibility. The prediction model was developed in a retrospective cohort (n = 382), integrating assays for FGFR3 and TERT mutations and aberrant ONECUT2 and VIM methylation to generate a UC-score. The test performance was validated in a double-blinded, multicenter, prospective trial (n = 947; ChiCTR2300076543) and demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.37% and a specificity of 95.09%. The sensitivity reached 75.81% for low-grade Ta tumors and exceeded 93% in high-grade Ta and higher stages (T1 to T4). Simultaneous identification of both bladder and upper urinary tract tumors was enabled with sensitivities exceeding 90%. No significant confounding effects were observed regarding benign urological diseases or non-UC malignancies. The test showed improved sensitivities over urine cytology, the NMP22 test, and UroVysion FISH alongside comparable specificities. The single-target accuracy was greater than 98% as confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Post-surgery UC-score decreased in 97.7% of subjects. Overall, UI-Seek demonstrated robust performance and considerable potential for the early detection of UC.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Characterizing ABS–copper chemistry-dependent adhesion: From the atomic to macro level
- Author
-
Ran Tao, Hakkim Vovusha, Xiaole Li, Ruslan Melentiev, Kaichen Zhu, Mario Lanza, Udo Schwingenschlögl, Amit K. Tevtia, and Gilles Lubineau
- Subjects
ABS–copper adhesion ,Functional group ,Ab initio DFT simulation ,AFM force measurement ,FEM ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
The electroplating of copper layers on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymer surfaces is a common need in industrial applications. The development of new eco-friendly techniques to promote ABS–copper adhesion is crucial due to the harsh and expensive chemicals used in the existing processes. The initial path involves establishing a better understanding on chemistry-dependent ABS–copper adhesion mechanisms. By formulating the material with more functional groups, the adhesion between ABS and the coated copper layer was characterized through a multiscale approach. At the atomic scale, we performed ab initio density functional theory simulations to obtain the variations in the adsorption energy. At the nano and micro scales, we adopted atomic force microscopy to measure the adhesion forces on the bulk polymer surfaces. At the macro scale, we compared these adhesion results with both 90-degree peeling tests and finite element model analyses. This study presents the first comprehensive approach for bridging information gaps across the scales (from nano to macro) with computational and experimental data, facilitating the design of formulated ABS additives.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Improving polygenic risk prediction in admixed populations by explicitly modeling ancestral-differential effects via GAUDI
- Author
-
Quan Sun, Bryce T. Rowland, Jiawen Chen, Anna V. Mikhaylova, Christy Avery, Ulrike Peters, Jessica Lundin, Tara Matise, Steve Buyske, Ran Tao, Rasika A. Mathias, Alexander P. Reiner, Paul L. Auer, Nancy J. Cox, Charles Kooperberg, Timothy A. Thornton, Laura M. Raffield, and Yun Li
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have shown successes in clinics, but most PRS methods focus only on participants with distinct primary continental ancestry without accommodating recently-admixed individuals with mosaic continental ancestry backgrounds for different segments of their genomes. Here, we develop GAUDI, a novel penalized-regression-based method specifically designed for admixed individuals. GAUDI explicitly models ancestry-differential effects while borrowing information across segments with shared ancestry in admixed genomes. We demonstrate marked advantages of GAUDI over other methods through comprehensive simulation and real data analyses for traits with associated variants exhibiting ancestral-differential effects. Leveraging data from the Women’s Health Initiative study, we show that GAUDI improves PRS prediction of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein in African Americans by > 64% compared to alternative methods, and even outperforms PRS-CSx with large European GWAS for some scenarios. We believe GAUDI will be a valuable tool to mitigate disparities in PRS performance in admixed individuals.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Pulsation temporal-spatial characteristics of vortex-shedding flow under different hydrofoil trailing edge shapes
- Author
-
Qiang Liu, Zhaoheng Lu, Ran Tao, Zhifeng Yao, and Ruofu Xiao
- Subjects
Vortex-shedding flow ,trailing edge shapes ,pressure pulsation ,MVMD ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Hydrofoil trailing edge shape directly influences its downstream flow state. Due to the non-streamlined shape, alternating vortices will form downstream, resulting in complex pressure pulsations. Different shapes of the trailing edge lead to varying pressure pulsations downstream. In this paper, four different trailing edge shapes were selected for numerical simulation based on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0009 hydrofoil. The main difference lies in trimming one side of the trailing edge to different degrees, making it asymmetrical. Large Eddy Simulation was used and the results were accurate. The optimized multivariate variational mode decomposition was used to extract and reconstruct effective components of pressure pulsation in the flow, and satisfactory reconstruction results were obtained. This combined method effectively identifies key components influencing flow field and enables reasonable reconstruction. Results show that shedding vortices on both sides of an asymmetric hydrofoil's tailing edge exhibit noticeable differences in morphology. Pressure pulsation distribution in the trailing-edge flow field was primarily influenced by components near vortex-shedding frequency. With the deepening of the asymmetric trimming degree, the pressure pulsation influenced by this component on that side is gradually weakened, but the energy peak of pressure pulsation in the flow field is less reduced.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Energy distribution and chaotic pressure pulsation analysis of vortex ropes in Francis-99
- Author
-
Puxi Li, Jiahao Lu, Ran Tao, Ruofu Xiao, Bin Ji, and Fujun Wang
- Subjects
Vortex rope ,entropy ,pressure fluctuation ,GWO-VMD ,chaotic ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Francis turbines, essential for stability in diverse operating conditions and variable-speed scenarios, encounter efficiency-compromising vortex rope formations in the draft tube, leading to substantial pressure fluctuations. This research delves into the analysis of energy loss and pressure fluctuations associated with these vortex ropes. Employing the local entropy generation rate (LEGR) method and chaos theory, we scrutinize the behaviour of vortex ropes and their resultant pressure fluctuations. Notably, vortex ropes exhibit maximum LEGR near the runner cone, with secondary vortices escalating instability downstream. In the elbow section, the collision of vortex ropes with the outer elbow amplifies LEGR, primarily driven by fluctuating velocities (approximately 90%). Leveraging the GWO-VMD algorithm, non-stationary signals are decomposed, unveiling a significant 1.6 Hz vortex rope frequency under partial load (PL) conditions and isolating external noise frequencies, such as the prominent 300 Hz. Following decomposition, chaos theory tools, including phase space reconstruction and phase trajectory graphs, unveil the chaotic nature of PL conditions attributed to spiral vortex ropes, resulting in profound pressure fluctuations. This study enhances our understanding of such systems and provides methodologies for improved noise reduction and optimization of turbine performance.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Apolipoprotein A-I
- Author
-
Xia Tao, Ran Tao, Kaiyang Wang, and Lidong Wu
- Subjects
Apolipoprotein A-I ,macrophage ,dendritic cell ,neutrophil ,T lymphocyte ,anti-inflammatory ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA-I) is a member of blood apolipoproteins, it is the main component of High density lipoprotein(HDL). ApoA-I undergoes a series of complex processes from its generation to its composition as spherical HDL. It not only has a cholesterol reversal transport function, but also has a function in modulating the inflammatory response. ApoA-I exerts its anti-inflammatory effects mainly by regulating the functions of immune cells, such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. It also modulates the function of vascular endothelial cells and adipocytes. Additionally, ApoA-I directly exerts anti-inflammatory effects against pathogenic microorganisms or their products. Intensive research on ApoA-I will hopefully lead to better diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Bounds and Constructions of Singleton-Optimal Locally Repairable Codes With Small Localities.
- Author
-
Weijun Fang, Ran Tao 0010, Fang-Wei Fu 0001, Bin Chen 0011, and Shu-Tao Xia
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Spatial-Temporal Weighted and Regularized Tensor Model for Infrared Dim and Small Target Detection.
- Author
-
Jia-Jie Yin, Heng-Chao Li, Yu-Bang Zheng, Gui Gao, Yuxin Hu, and Ran Tao 0003
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Hyperspherical Structural-Aware Distillation Enhanced Spatial-Spectral Bidirectional Interaction Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification.
- Author
-
Boao Qin, Shou Feng, Chunhui Zhao 0003, Bobo Xi, Wei Li 0032, Ran Tao 0003, and Yunsong Li
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Separations in Proof Complexity and TFNP.
- Author
-
Mika Göös, Alexandros Hollender, Siddhartha Jain 0002, Gilbert Maystre, William Pires, Robert Robere, and Ran Tao 0013
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Spiking Transfer Learning From RGB Image to Neuromorphic Event Stream.
- Author
-
Qiugang Zhan, Guisong Liu, Xiurui Xie, Ran Tao, Malu Zhang, and Huajin Tang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Cross-Scene Joint Classification of Multisource Data With Multilevel Domain Adaption Network.
- Author
-
Mengmeng Zhang, Xudong Zhao 0003, Wei Li 0032, Yuxiang Zhang 0005, Ran Tao 0003, and Qian Du 0001
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Emitter Localization System Based on a Synthetic Aperture Map Drift Technique Aided by an Interferometer.
- Author
-
Jiayu Sun, Hao Huan, Ran Tao 0003, Yue Wang 0001, and Xiaogang Tang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. An integrated firefly algorithm for the optimization of constrained engineering design problems.
- Author
-
Ran Tao, Huanlin Zhou, Zeng Meng, and Zhaotao Liu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.