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This paper introduces the homotopy analytic HAM, an effective and reliable method for solving computationally challenging fuzzy Volterra nonlinear integral equations of the second type. Numerical examples are provide to demonstrate the accuracy of HAM. To check for existence and uniqueness, the study employs the Banach fixed point theory and homotopy analysis. Finally the study resolves our issue using the MAPLE programme.

IntroductionNon-infectious inflammatory ocular diseases pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management, often requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Since Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic option for these disorders, the present study aimed to expand current knowledge about their efficacy and safety in patients with these conditions.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 12 adult patients from the international AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) Network registries dedicated to non-infectious ocular inflammatory conditions. We assessed ocular flares, visual acuity, disease course, and complications before and after initiating JAK inhibitor therapy.ResultsOcular inflammation was related to a systemic disease in 8 (66.7%) patients as follows: spondyloarthritis (n = 3), peripheral psoriatic arthritis (n = 1), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 1), Behçet’s syndrome (n = 1), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (n = 1). In total, 4 patients received baricitinib, 1 patient received tofacitinib, and 7 patients underwent upadacitinib treatment. The overall average duration of JAK inhibitors treatment was 8.6 ± 5.5 months (ranging from 3 to 20 months). At the last assessment, ocular disease control was complete in 12/12 patients. One patient discontinued baricitinib due to poor compliance after a 12-month relapse-free period. The incidence of ocular flares was 125 episodes/1.000 person-months prior to the initiation of JAK inhibitors and 28.6 episodes/1.000 person-months thereafter. The incidence rate ratio for experiencing a relapse before starting a JAK inhibitor compared to the following period was 4.37 (95% CI 1.3–14.7, p-value: 0.02).ConclusionJAK inhibitors demonstrate efficacy and safety in controlling ocular inflammatory relapses, confirming that they represent a valuable treatment option for patients with non-infectious inflammatory ocular diseases resistant to conventional treatments.

Abstract Introduction Since many biological drug patents have expired, biosimilar agents (BIOs) have been developed; however, there are still some reservations in their use, especially in childhood. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors BIOs as treatment for pediatric non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Methods Data from pediatric patients with NIU treated with TNF inhibitors BIOs were drawn from the international AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) registries dedicated to uveitis and Behçet's disease. The effectiveness and safety of BIOs were assessed in terms of frequency of relapses, risk for developing ocular flares, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), glucocorticoids (GCs)-sparing effect, drug survival, frequency of ocular complications, and adverse drug event (AE). Results Forty-seven patients (77 affected eyes) were enrolled. The BIOs employed were adalimumab (ADA) (89.4%), etanercept (ETA) (5.3%), and infliximab (IFX) (5.3%). The number of relapses 12 months prior to BIOs and at last follow-up was 282.14 and 52.43 per 100 patients/year. The relative risk of developing ocular flares before BIOs introduction compared to the period following the start of BIOs was 4.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.38–5.98, p = 0.004). The number needed to treat (NNT) for ocular flares was 3.53. Median BCVA was maintained during the whole BIOs treatment (p = 0.92). A significant GCs-sparing effect was observed throughout the treatment period (p = 0.002). The estimated drug retention rate (DRR) at 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up were 92.7, 83.3, and 70.8%, respectively. The risk rate for developing structural ocular complications was 89.9/100 patients/year before starting BIOs and 12.7/100 patients/year during BIOs treatment, with a risk ratio of new ocular complications without BIOs of 7.1 (CI 3.4–14.9, p = 0.0003). Three minor AEs were reported. Conclusions TNF inhibitors BIOs are effective in reducing the number of ocular uveitis relapses, preserving visual acuity, allowing a significant GCs-sparing effect, and preventing structural ocular complications. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05200715.

The water oxidation reaction in photosystem II (PS II) produces most of the molecular oxygen in the atmosphere, which sustains life on Earth, and in this process releases four electrons and four protons that drive the downstream process of CO2 fixation in the photosynthetic apparatus. The catalytic center of PS II is an oxygen-bridged Mn4Ca complex (Mn4CaO5) which is progressively oxidized upon the absorption of light by the chlorophyll of the PS II reaction center, and the accumulation of four oxidative equivalents in the catalytic center results in the oxidation of two waters to dioxygen in the last step. The recent emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with intense femtosecond X-ray pulses has opened up opportunities to visualize this reaction in PS II as it proceeds through the catalytic cycle. In this review, we summarize our recent studies of the catalytic reaction in PS II by following the structural changes along the reaction pathway via room-temperature X-ray crystallography using XFELs. The evolution of the electron density changes at the Mn complex reveals notable structural changes, including the insertion of OX from a new water molecule, which disappears on completion of the reaction, implicating it in the O—O bond formation reaction. We were also able to follow the structural dynamics of the protein coordinating with the catalytic complex and of channels within the protein that are important for substrate and product transport, revealing well orchestrated conformational changes in response to the electronic changes at the Mn4Ca cluster.

Abstract Introduction Scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor adalimumab (ADA) in pediatric patients with non-infectious non-anterior uveitis is still limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic role of ADA in a cohort of pediatric patients with non-anterior uveitis. Methods This is an international multicenter study analyzing real-life data referred to pediatric patients treated with ADA for intermediate uveitis/pars planitis, posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Data were drawn from the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) registry for patients with uveitis. Results Twenty-one patients (36 affected eyes) were enrolled, and all patients benefited from ADA administration. In detail, 11 patients (19 affected eyes) did not experience further ocular inflammation after ADA introduction; 10 cases (17 affected eyes) showed a significant clinical improvement consisting of a decrease in severity and/or frequency of ocular relapses. The number of ocular flares dropped from 3.91 to 1.1 events/patient/year after ADA introduction (p = 0.0009); macular edema and retinal vasculitis were respectively observed in 18 eyes and 20 eyes at the start of ADA and in 4 eyes and 2 eyes at the last assessment. The mean daily glucocorticoid dosage significantly decreased from 26.8 ± 16.8 mg/day at the start of ADA to 6.25 ± 6.35 mg/day at the last assessment (p = 0.002). Intermediate uveitis/pars planitis (p = 0.01) and posterior uveitis (p = 0.03) were more frequently observed in patients with full response to ADA; panuveitis (p = 0.001) was significantly more frequent among patients continuing to experience uveitic flares. This could be related to a higher use of systemic glucocorticoids (p = 0.002) and conventional immunosuppressants (p = 0.007) at the start of ADA when treating intermediate uveitis/pars planitis. Regarding the safety profile, only one adverse event was reported during ADA treatment, consisting of the development of generalized adenopathy. Conclusions ADA proved to have an effective therapeutic role in all pediatric patients with non-anterior uveitis enrolled in the study. An overall glucocorticoid-sparing effect was observed despite the severity of cases enrolled. A more aggressive treatment of panuveitis and posterior uveitis at start of ADA could increase the likelihood of full response to therapy.

Abstract To evaluate the retinal vasculature in psoriasis patients and detect if metabolic syndrome is an additional risk factor. This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 80 eyes of 80 subjects; 28 eyes with psoriasis only (PS group), 12 eyes with additional metabolic syndrome to psoriasis (PMS group) and 40 eyes healthy controls (HS). The retinal capillary plexuses were evaluated by OCTA. The disease activity was evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and extent. The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vascular density was significantly lower in PS group than HS while in PMS it was significantly lower only in whole image and superior and temporal perifoveal areas (p-value = 0.020, 0.030, 0.001 respectively). The changes correlated with the disease duration. The vascular density of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) was significantly lower in both PS and PMS groups (p-value

Abstract Photosystem I (PS I) has a symmetric structure with two highly similar branches of pigments at the center that are involved in electron transfer, but shows very different efficiency along the two branches. We have determined the structure of cyanobacterial PS I at room temperature (RT) using femtosecond X-ray pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that shows a clear expansion of the entire protein complex in the direction of the membrane plane, when compared to previous cryogenic structures. This trend was observed by complementary datasets taken at multiple XFEL beamlines. In the RT structure of PS I, we also observe conformational differences between the two branches in the reaction center around the secondary electron acceptors A1A and A1B. The π-stacked Phe residues are rotated with a more parallel orientation in the A-branch and an almost perpendicular confirmation in the B-branch, and the symmetry breaking PsaB-Trp673 is tilted and further away from A1A. These changes increase the asymmetry between the branches and may provide insights into the preferential directionality of electron transfer.

The oxygen-evolving complex in Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water to oxygen and it is still under debate how the water reaches the active site. Here, the authors analyse time-resolved XFEL-based crystal structures of PSII that were determined at room temperature and report the structures of the waters in the putative channels surrounding the active site at various time-points during the reaction cycle and conclude that the O1 channel is the likely water intake pathway and the Cl1 channel the likely proton release pathway.

Abdominal fat synthesizes a variety of adipokines, including vaspin and chemerin, that affect the resistance to insulin. This research was conducted to demonstrate the effect of pioglitazone, one insulin sensitizer used to decrease insulin resistance, on these adipokines in obese patients with polycystic ovary (PCOS). Twenty-five obese women with PCOS were treated with pioglitazone 15mg/bid for 12 weeks. Modifications in fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fasting insulin (FSI), chemerin and vaspin serum levels, follicle stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and in baseline and post-therapy were assessed. Body mass index decreased without any substantial variance after 12 weeks of pioglitazone therapy (P> 0.05). T, FSI, HOMA-IR, LH, and FBG levels have decreased considerably (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) after the therapy. No substantial variations were found in FSH (P>0.05). Serum chemerin and vaspin levels were observed no significant difference than before treatment (P>0.05) in obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome cases.

In the last ten years, x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have been successfully employed to characterize metalloproteins at room temperature using various techniques including x-ray diffraction, scattering, and spectroscopy. The approach has been to outrun the radiation damage by using femtosecond (fs) x-ray pulses. An example of an important and damage sensitive active metal center is the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II (PS II), the catalytic site of photosynthetic water oxidation. The combination of serial femtosecond x-ray crystallography and Kβ x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has proven to be a powerful multimodal approach for simultaneously probing the overall protein structure and the electronic state of the Mn4CaO5 cluster throughout the catalytic (Kok) cycle. As the observed spectral changes in the Mn4CaO5 cluster are very subtle, it is critical to consider the potential effects of the intense XFEL pulses on the Kβ XES signal. We report here a systematic study of the effects of XFEL peak power, beam focus, and dose on the Mn Kβ1,3 XES spectra in PS II over a wide range of pulse parameters collected over seven different experimental runs using both microcrystal and solution PS II samples. Our findings show that for beam intensities ranging from ∼5 × 1015 to 5 × 1017 W/cm2 at a pulse length of ∼35 fs, the spectral effects are small compared to those observed between S-states in the Kok cycle. Our results provide a benchmark for other XFEL-based XES studies on metalloproteins, confirming the viability of this approach.

يرمي البحث للتعرف على الواقع الجديد لعلاقات العراق الدولية عن طريق التغطية الإخبارية التي تقوم بها قناة العراقية، لان حجم وطبيعة التغطية تشير الى أي مدى وصلت هذه العلاقات، وتلخصت مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل الرئيس )ما حجم وطبيعة التغطيات الإخبارية لعلاقات العراق الدولية في قناة العراقية الإخبارية(. يعد هذا البحث من البحوث الوصفية اذ استخدم الباحثان المنهج المسحي وطريقة تحليل المضمون من خلال حصر جزئي لمجتمع البحث المتكون من النشرة الرئيسة ولمدة برامجية واحدة، وصممت استمارة تحليل المضمون التي خضعت للتقييم الخبراء والمحكمين لبيان مدى توافقها مع موضوع البحث وما تحتويه من فئات، وتوصل البحث الى نتائج عدة أبرزها: سعي العراق لبناء علاقات اقتصادية واستثمارية مع دول العالم وجلب الشركات الكبرى لإعادة بناء مدنه المدمرة والنهوض بواقعه الاقتصادي. بناء وتدريب وتسليح جيشه والاستمرار بمكافحة الارهاب في العراق والمنطقة والعالم والتصدي لتنظيم داعش. تبني سياسة خارجية تحترم السيادة ورفض العراق بإن يكون منصة حرب على دول الجوار وإبراز سعي الحكومة ان يكون البلد نقطة لقاء وحوار لجميع الدول وممثل سلام لشعوب العالم، ابراز دور الرئاسات الثلاث كشخصيات فاعلة بالخبر عن طريق تغطية الاجتماعات واللقاءات الرسمية مع رؤساء وملوك وممثلي البلدان الأخرى. نقل الاخبار بدون مصدر مما يبرز ضعف الأداء بغرفة الاخبار في القناة وعدم سعيها للتحقق من المصادر الخبرية عند ورود اخبار الحكومة الخاصة بعلاقات العراق الدولية، ومن جانب اخر أظهرت التغطية إمكانية القناة بالاعتماد على مصادرها الخاصة في عدد من الاخبار مما يدل على إمكانية القناة في الاعتماد على نفسها في تغطية اخبار علاقات العراق الدولية داخل وخارج العراق. اظهار إمكانية القناة الفنية والتكنولوجية باستضافة الضيوف عبر الأقمار الصناعية واعداد التقارير التلفزيونية المختلفة لإغناء الحدث العراقي الدولي بالتفاصيل المهمة والمواد الفنية .المصورة من موقع الحدث

In this study, sixty specimens were collected of Staphylococcus aureus isolation from several sources but found twenty-five specimens of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin from External laboratories in Baghdad, Iraq, during the period of December to May 2018. Then the samples were inoculated on culture media (Mannitol agar). The results of the sequencing showed congruence with isolation Staphylococcus aureus of amplified product of 16S rRNA gene appeared 99%compatibility. The results as shown After alignment of product amplification of 16S rRNA having seven Transition(A>G, A>G, T>C, T>C, G>A, C>T and A>G, and having three Transversion (T>G, G>C and A>T) from the Gene Bank. Registration of Iraqi isolate for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in National Center for Biotechnology Information and under the accession number MH 145371.1. and it is available for download at NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ MH 145371.1. The aim of the study was to determine the phylogenetic tree of Staphylococcus aureus based on 16S rRNA sequencing.The local Iraq isolate was registered after the correspondence of (NCBI), and obtained accession number and became a reference to Iraq and the Middle East and the world found variations of the local strain on the world.

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli still an important pathogen that cause diarrhea which lead to hospital admissions and death specially in children. In order to identify the common pathotypes of E. coli via investigate different virulence genes. A total of 210 stool samples were collected from children under five years presented with diarrhea from different hospitals and private clinics in Wasit province, Iraq, on the other hand, 40 stool samples were collected from healthy children considered as control group. regarding to culture, biochemical tests and API 20E results 100 isolates were supposed to be E. coli. The DNA were extracted to that 100 isolates from diarrheal cases and for 40 isolates of control, concentration of DNA samples were between (50-360 mg/µl ) and the purity between (1.8-2). All isolates studied for detectionvirulence gene of five Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli strains based on using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction technique, by amplified 13 primer (eaeA, bfpB, aggR, astA, pic, hly, stx1, stx2, invE, ipaH, elt, estIa, estIb), and showed the distribution of the strains and its susceptibility to antibiotics. The most frequent pathotypes was Enteropathogenic E.coli 19/42 (45.3%) ) with 9 typical and 10 atypical, followed by Enteroaggregative E. coli 17/42 (40.5%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli 3/42 (7.1%), Enteroinvasive E. coli 3/42 (7.1% ), and 0/42 (0%) in Shigatoxin producing E .coli and no DEC in all control patients. The highest resistance to antibiotics was (95.2%) to Amoxicillin and Ampicillin, respectively, Sulfa-Trimethoprim 92.9%, followed by 85.7% for Tetracycline and Cephalothin, Ceftriaxone 81% and Cefotaxim “clavulanic acid 71.4%. While the lowest resistance was to Chloramphenicol (19 %), Ciprofloxacin (16.7%), Amikacin (7.1%) and no resistance was detected toward Imipenem. We can conclude in this study, multiplex PCR is a swift, and accurate procedure can be used for Diarrheagenic E.coli identification and isolation successfully of strains.

Fertilization need increased the concentration of Ca+ for egg activation. Inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (IP3), the second messenger of phospholipase Cγ, regulates the initial calcium rise from egg’s endoplasmic reticulum. However, FAK (focal adhesion kinase) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which is known to create docking sites for signaling molecules that contain SH2 domains, including PLC. PLC participates in other signaling pathways besides fertilization and the role FAK may play in fertilization has not been determined. The goal of these experiments is to determine is the FAK is the link between Src and PLC, as well as, confirming or not confirming if Src directly or indirectly activates PLC.

In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven splitting of water at a protein-bound Mn4CaO5-cluster, the water-oxidizing complex (WOC). In the photosynthetic organisms, the light-driven formation of the WOC from dissolved metal ions is a key process because it is essential in both initial activation and continuous repair of PSII. Structural information is required for understanding of this chaperone-free metal-cluster assembly. For the first time, we obtained a structure of PSII from Thermosynechococcus elongatus without the Mn4CaO5-cluster. Surprisingly, cluster-removal leaves the positions of all coordinating amino acid residues and most nearby water molecules largely unaffected, resulting in a pre-organized ligand shell for kinetically competent and error-free photo-assembly of the Mn4CaO5-cluster. First experiments initiating (i) partial disassembly and (ii) partial re-assembly after complete depletion of the Mn4CaO5-cluster agree with a specific bi-manganese cluster, likely a di-µ-oxo bridged pair of Mn(III) ions, as an assembly intermediate.

Background: Depression and anxiety are among the underlying factors and effects of heart attack. Reducing these patients' levels of depression and anxiety is crucial for reducing recurrent strokes and enhancing their quality of life (QOL). The current study was conducted to examine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression and anxiety in heart attack patients. Methods: The current experimental study was conducted on a community of heart attack patients in 2021. The statistical population consisted of 197 patients admitted to the CCU of Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Using a simple random sampling method, 84 patients were chosen and divided into experimental and control groups (42 patients in each group). For data collection, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was utilized. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software. The significance level was considered to be equal to 0.05. Results: The mean depression score in the control group (1.27 ± 0.52) was significantly higher after the intervention compared to the experimental group (0.68 ± 0.29) (P < 0.001). In addition, the experimental group's depression score in the posttest stage was significantly lower than in the pretest stage (P < 0.001). ANCOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the mean posttest score of the dependent variables of depression (F = 129.48; P < 0.001) and anxiety (F = 123.99; P < 0.001) in heart attack patients who received the intervention. Conclusion: CBT intervention was impressive in the treatment of anxiety and depression in heart attack patients, resulting in a significant decrease in anxiety and depression and a reduction in the likelihood of future heart attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]