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Levamisole effects on the biochemical, hematological, and Histopathological parameters on heat stress fish.40 Cyprinus carpio fish were distributed into 4 groups, raised in a glass aquarium, and provided with a basic diet for ten days. Control groups as G1 and three treated groups were tested G2 with the elevated water temperature at 30°C, G3 was treated with a concentrated dose of 125 mg/L of levamisole, and the water temperature was25°C. At the same time, G4 elevated water temperature to 30°C and treated with the same dose of levamisole. At the end of the experiment, all groups were euthanized. Blood samples were collected for packed cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cortisol, glucose, immunoglobulin, albumin, and histopathological investing from all groups also done. The results showed that the G2 and G3 showed highly significant variation in the level of glucose and albumin in contrast to others, as well G4 showed highly significant variation in the level of the biochemical parameters, G4 showed a higher level of biological parameters changes in contrast to the other groups. At the same time, the hematological value was higher in the G3. The pathological alterations of G2, G3 and G4 represented vascular changes such as hemorrhagic congestion, disturbances of growth infiltration of inflammatory cell, necrosis, hyalin cast and dilution of bowman’s capsule; all these changes were graded as mild, moderate, and severe changes and were more severe in G2.Our results refer that immune stimulant agents enhance the biochemical and hematological parameters, but it leads to changes in the liver and kidney due to the effects of heat stress.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health challenge, and clearance or persistence of HBV is mostly determined by host immune responses, Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV effects in chronic HBV patients living in Baghdad receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The impact of HBV genotypes on liver-function parameters was explored A case-control study was conducted during June-October 2018 on 80 chronic HBV patients and 96 matched control. The results revealed that most patients were males 50 (62.5%), while female patients accounted for 30 (37.5%). The sera of patients were positive for anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) IgG and -HbsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) antibodies, while they were negative for anti-Hbc IgM antibody. Such profile is consistent with the interpretation of chronic HBV infection. Four liver-function tests (LFTs); total serum bilirubin (TSB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed. Significantly increased levels of ALP, ALT and AST were observed in HBV patients compared to normal healthy control, while TSB showed no significant variation. However, in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, only ALP and AST occupied an excellent area under curve (AUC > 0.90).

Abstract Both gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug. The biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of prepared nano-formulations were tested on Hela and normal BHK cell line. Gold nanospheres coated with citrate and gallate were synthesized via wet chemical reduction method. The prepared nano-formulations, citrate and gallate coated gold nanospheres (Cit-AuNPs and Ga-AuNPs), were characterized with respect to their morphology, FTIR spectra, and physical properties. In addition, to assess their cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and flow cytometry to measure biological response were performed. Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs were shown to significantly reduce the viability of Hela cancer cells. Both G0/G cell cycle arrest and comet assay results showed that genotoxic effect was induced in Hela cells by Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs. The results of this study showed that Cit-Au NPs and Ga-AuNPs inhibit the growth of metastatic cervical cancer cells, which could have therapeutic implications.

Abstract Aqueous bleaching may be used in textile conservation to improve the appearance of historic and culturally significant textiles. It is generally accepted amongst conservators that bleaching imparts damage. The aim of this research is to characterise the condition of cotton fibre's surface pre- and post-bleaching using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Unprocessed cotton calico (‘raw’ cotton), scoured cotton, and a historic cotton dress shirt (circa. 1920) were bleached using three separate methods: NaBH4 for 15 min; H2O2/NaBO3 for 1 h; and H2O2/NaBO3 buffered to pH 8.4 for 1 h. AFM was used in tapping-mode to obtain height, amplitude, and phase images. AFM imaging was able to distinguish between the cuticle, primary walls, and secondary walls of the cotton fibres. The data shows that bleaching has the effect of softening and removing individual layers of the cotton structure. Unprocessed cotton calico and scoured cotton fared better against the impact of bleaching. This was in stark contrast to the historic shirt where the already damaged surface of cotton fibres underwent further degradation using both oxidative and reductive bleaching. In general, reductive bleaching was more aggressive on the fibre surface compared to oxidative bleaching. The use of AFM provides further evidence of the physical effects of bleaching on historic textiles, and cotton textiles more broadly, and it has the potential to influence the conservator’s decision-making.

The synthetic allosteric effector of hemoglobin, TD-7 has been investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sickle cell disease. The pharmacologic activity of TD-7 is due to formation of a Schiff-base interaction between its aldehyde group and the two N-terminal αVal1 amines of hemoglobin, effectively inhibiting sickling of red blood cells. However, TD-7 faces a challenge in terms of poor oral bioavailability due to rapid in-vivo oxidative metabolism of its aldehyde functional group. To address this shortcoming, researches have explored the use of a L-cysteine ethyl ester group to cap the aldehyde group to form a thiazolidine aromatic aldehyde prodrug complex, resulting in the improvement of the metabolic stability of this class of compounds. This report details the synthesis of a thiazolidine prodrug of TD-7, referred to as Pro-7, along with a comprehensive investigation of Pro-7 functional and biological properties. In an in-vitro Hb modification and Hb oxygen affinity studies using normal whole blood, as well as erythrocyte sickling inhibition using sickle whole blood, Pro-7 exhibited a gradual onset but progressive increase in all activities. Additionally, in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted with Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated that Pro-7 can undergo hydrolysis to release TD-7. However, the blood concentration of TD-7 did not reach the desired therapeutic level. These findings suggest that the incorporation of the L-cysteine ethyl ester group to TD-7 represents a promising strategy to enhance the metabolic stability of aromatic aldehydes that could lead to the development of a more effective drug for the treatment of sickle cell disease.

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous vulvoperineal varices sclerotherapy using 2% polidocanol foam under fluoroscopic guidance. Subjects and Methods This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 70 patients treated between June 2020 and November 2021, with a mean age of 31 years (range: 24–42 years). All patients were not pregnant with residual vulvoperineal varices after embolization of their refluxing tributaries of the ovarian vein and/or internal iliac veins presenting with vulvoperineal heaviness/pain with or without lower limb varicosities. Technical and clinical successes together with procedural complications were assessed. Results The technical success rate was 100%. No minor or major complications have been reported. Follow-up was at 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post sclerotherapy. Clinical success was observed in all patients with improvement in their symptoms. Conclusion Direct fluoroscopic-guided sclerotherapy for vulvoperineal varices offers a safe and effective treatment option with the ability of visualization and embolization of the pelvic leak points to avoid recurrence.

Acrylamide is a neuro- and reproductive toxicant to humans and has carcinogenic effects in animal species which naturally forms in high-carbohydrate foods at high (≤121°C) temperatures. This study assessed acrylamide formation in various Iraqi bread types, including whole-wheat flatbread, white flatbread, stone-baked bread, whole-wheat baguette, and white baguette prepared in the selected local bread factories in Baghdad, Iraq, using HPLC assay. Among several types of bread, white flatbread is the most commonly consumed bread in Iraq; therefore, the impact of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), added to the flour at different concentrations: 240, 260, and 280 mg/100 g, in reducing acrylamide concentration only in white flatbread was assessed. Acrylamide was detected at various concentrations in each type of bread tested, with the highest concentration in whole-wheat flatbread (470.2 ± 6.7 μg/kg) followed by stone-baked bread (418.8 ± 6.4 μg/kg), whole-wheat baguette (408.3 ± 9.1 μg/kg), white flatbread (400.9 ± 7.4 μg/kg), and white baguette (362 ± 9.2 μg/kg), respectively. However, after supplementing CaCO3 in white flatbread, a significant p

The purpose of this study is to determine the association between fasting sugar level, urea, creatinine, uric acid, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in renal disease patients. The current study found that men patients had lower blood sugar, fasting blood glucose, and serum creatinine levels than women patients. however, there was no significant difference between groups of blood urea, uric acid, Glumoular filter, and blood pressure. Also, there is no significant difference in patients based on age in the current study, and there is a very strong positive link between random glucose level and fasting glucose level.

Abstract A case–control study (80 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection and 96 controls) was performed to evaluate the association of an IL12A gene variant (rs582537 A/C/G) with HBV infection. Allele G showed a significantly lower frequency in patients compared to controls (31.2 vs. 46.9%; probability [p] = 0.009; corrected p [pc] = 0.027) and was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–0.83). A similar lower risk was associated with genotypes CG (17.5 vs. 29.2; OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08–0.81; p = 0.02) and GG (10.0 vs. 16.7; OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.07–0.91; p = 0.036), but the pc value was not significant (0.12 and 0.126, respectively). Serum IL-35 levels showed significant differences between individuals of different genotypes (p = 0.007). The highest median was associated with CA genotype (286.5 pg/mL), followed by genotypes CG (227.0 pg/mL), GG (206.5 pg/mL), CC (169.0 pg/mL), AA (137.5 pg/mL) and finally AG (125.0 pg/mL). In conclusion, rs582537 appears to be an important genetic variant that may influence not only susceptibility to HBV infection but IL-35 levels.

Smart home indicates an application for different technological implementations, it could indicate any system which controls the door lock and several other devices. Facial identification which is an important section to achieve surveillance and safety, especially for handicapped people, can be considered as one of the ways that deal with biometrics and performed to identify facial images via utilizing fundamental features of the face. A Raspberry Pi-based face recognition system using conventional face detection and recognition techniques is going to be supplied, so the method in which image-built biometrics uses a Raspberry Pi is described. The aim of the paper here can be considered as transferring face recognition to a level in which the system can replace the utilizing of RF I-Cards and a password to access any system of security and making the system alive and protect the door from being open by hackers, especially by using the picture of an authorized person, we make the raspberry pi turn off and cannot turn on only by a command from the authorized person's mobile. The result of the presented proposal is a system that uses face recognition by utilizing OpenCV, Raspberry Pi, and it functions on an application of Android, and this system percentage becomes 99.63%. It should be cost-effective, of high performance, secured, and easy to use, which can be used in any smart home application.

Abstract Background Reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can salvage the myocardium; however, successful restoration of the coronary artery patency is not always associated with adequate perfusion at the level of microvasculature, known as the no-reflow or microvascular occlusion (MVO). The primary objective of our prospective study was to assess, by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), the prognostic value of MVO size, and its impact on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in cases of reperfused AMI. Thirty-three patients with AMI underwent cardiac MRI at 1.5-T scanner within 7 days (baseline) and 3 months (follow-up) after reperfusion. Patients with MVO were included where early gadolinium enhancement (EGE), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and cine sequences were acquired. The impact of MVO size on LV ejection fraction (EF%) and LV volumes was quantitively analyzed. Results There was a significant inverse correlation between the MVO size % of the LV mass (LVM) and the EF% values measured at follow-up with a P value of 0.000, while a significant positive correlation was encountered between the MVO% of LVM and both indexed end-systolic volume (ESVI) and indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVI) values measured at follow-up with P values of 0.438 and 0.389, respectively. MVO size was found to be a significant factor affecting the patient’s outcome (P = 0.000) where MVO size of > 10% of the total LVM can be a predictor of a worse outcome and reduced EF% at follow-up. Conclusion The prognostic value of MVO could be statistically determined with a cut off value to predict a possible good outcome using CMR.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single-point mutation, and the ensuing deoxygenation-induced polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), and reduction in bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO), contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In a proof-of-concept study, we successfully incorporated nitrate ester groups onto two previously studied potent antisickling aromatic aldehydes, TD7 and VZHE039, to form TD7-NO and VZHE039-NO hybrids, respectively. These compounds are stable in buffer but demonstrated the expected release of NO in whole blood in vitro and in mice. The more promising VZHE039-NO retained the functional and antisickling activities of the parent VZHE039 molecule. Moreover, VZHE039-NO, unlike VZHE039, significantly attenuated RBC adhesion to laminin, suggesting this compound has potential in vivo RBC anti-adhesion properties relevant to vaso-occlusive events. Crystallographic studies show that, as with VZHE039, VZHE039-NO also binds to liganded Hb to make similar protein interactions. The knowledge gained during these investigations provides a unique opportunity to generate a superior candidate drug in SCD with enhanced benefits.

5-hydroxyfurfural (5HMF), an allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb) with an ability to increase Hb affinity for oxygen has been studied extensively for its antisickling effect in vitro and in vivo, and in humans for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). One of the downstream pathophysiologies of SCD is nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, therefore increasing NO (bio)availability is known to mitigate the severity of SCD symptoms. We report the synthesis of an NO-releasing prodrug of 5HMF (5HMF-NO), which in vivo, is expected to be bio-transformed into 5HMF and NO, with concomitant therapeutic activities. In vitro studies showed that when incubated with whole blood, 5HMF-NO releases NO, as anticipated. When incubated with sickle blood, 5HMF-NO formed Schiff base adduct with Hb, increased Hb affinity for oxygen, and prevented hypoxia-induced erythrocyte sickling, which at 1 mM concentration were 16%, 10% and 27%, respectively, compared to 21%, 18% and 21% for 5HMF. Crystal structures of 5HMF-NO with Hb showed 5HMF-NO bound to unliganded (deoxygenated) Hb, while the hydrolyzed product, 5HMF bound to liganded (carbonmonoxy-ligated) Hb. Our findings from this proof-of-concept study suggest that the incorporation of NO donor group to 5HMF and analogous molecules could be a novel beneficial strategy to treat SCD and warrants further detailed in vivo studies.

Context: Percutaneous placement of gastrostomy tube has replaced surgical placement as the most accepted method of gastrostomy tube insertion. It can be done by an alternative nonendoscopic fluoroscopy-guided technique that combines the advantages of fluoroscopic guidance and the pull technique. Aims: This study aimed to describe a percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided technique for applying mushroom-retained large-bore gastrostomy advanced through the nose without endoscopy. Settings and Design: This retrospective study was conducted at the Interventional Radiology Unit, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: Between January 2015 and November 2017, 86 neurologically compromised patients underwent placement of 24F mushroom gastrostomy tubes. There were 55 males and 31 females, with the mean age of 61 years (58–87 years). Technical success and procedural complications were assessed. Follow-up data were collected retrospectively by reviewing the medical records at the neurology clinic to evaluate tube function and monitor complications. Results: Technical success rate was 100%. Procedure time varied between 10 and 13 min. No major procedure-related complications occurred. Twenty-two patients (25.5%) died during the study period with no procedure-related deaths. Nearly 34.8% of the patients (30/86 patients) could not be followed up due to loss of contact. Follow-up time ranged between 200 and 230 days in the remaining 34 patients with no evidence of tube dysfunction. Conclusions: Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous placement of large-bore pull gastrostomy tubes inserted via nasal route showed a high rate of technical success and long-term patency with low risk of complications.

This research concerned studying the combined effect of using nano-silica and/ or hybrid fibers on key mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete SCC. A comprehensive experimental work has been carried out, using steel fiber (SF) with volume fraction (0, 0.5% and 1.5%), polypropylene fiber (PPF) (0%, 0.05% and 0.15%) and SiO2 nanoparticles (0%, 2% and 4%) by weight of powdered material (silica fume- Sf ) with constant w/c ratio (0.48) to produce eleven different mixtures and tested at different ages (7, 28 and 90 days). Results showed that adding fibers adversely affect SCC workability and thus more dosage of super plasticizer (SP) should be added to stay within the standard limits. comparable to conventional concretes, the presence of steel fibers with SCC provide slight increase in compressive strength at 28 days, (up to 11%), while significant enhancement in tensile properties were observed (up to 24% and 32% for splitting and flexural strength respectively). Polypropylene or hybrid fibers however, provide lower enhancement compared with steel fibers. In contrast, implementation of nanosilica leads to significant improvement in concrete strengths particularly at 4% dosage. Combined effect of 4% nanosilica and 1.5% of steel fibers provide the superior hardening effect on the flexural performance compared with softening effect provided by other added dosages. Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) images confirm the matrix densification effect due to nanosilica adding. Flexural strength of SCCs without nanosilica was generally higher than splitting testing results. This fact does not change even with the presence of nanosilica and/ or fibers.

The unique characteristics of supercritical fluids can be utilised to overcome the drawbacks associated with the conventional techniques for the generation of pharmaceutical powders. These characteristics include high diffusivity compared with those of liquids, relatively high solvent density and solvent power intermediate between those of gases and liquids. Such characteristics make it possible to use supercritical fluids either as solvents or antisolvents. The application of supercritical fluid technology to various pharmaceutical processes such as micronisation of a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical compounds, encapsulation and polymer impregnation, coprecipitation of pharmaceutical compounds and liposome formation, has been explored. The present review critically discusses the novel supercritical fluid techniques that are currently available and the applications of such techniques to pharmaceutical powder systems.

The excited states of 26Al have been produced and studied using 27Al(d,t) reaction with 25 MeV deuteron as projectile. Optical model potential parameters were extracted from the measured elastic scattering angular distribution. Zero range distorted wave Born approximation analysis for the ground and 0.223 MeV states of 26Al have been done. The spectroscopic factors calculated for these states are found to be in good agreement with the previously reported values.

Using the major accelerator facilities available in India, detailed experimental studies have been made to understand the mechanism of quasi-fission and role of nuclear shell effect in heavy nuclei. Fission fragment mass distribution has been used as the probe to explore the role of entrance channel effects on fusion-fission and quasifission dynamics. Fission fragment mass distribution has also been demonstrated to be useful to identify the phenomenon of ‘washing out’ of nuclear shell effect with excitation energy.

Fragment emission mechanisms have been studied in 12C on 12C and 13C on 12C reactions at same excitation energy. The inclusive energy distributions of the complex fragments (3≤ Z ≤ 5) emitted from the composite system have been measured in the angular range 14° to 36°. The present experiments have been performed with the motivation to study the isotopic dependence of fragment yields in these two reactions. From the preliminary analysis, it has been observed that fragments are emitted from a completely equilibrated and long lived composite system for both 12C + 12C and 13C + 12C reactions. It has also been observed that the emission of neutron-rich fragments are more in 13C + 12C compared to 12C + 12C reaction.

Neutron evaporation spectra alongwith γ-multiplicity has been measured from the 185Re* compound nucleus at the excitation energies ~27 and 37 MeV. Statistical model analysis of the experimental data has been carried out to extract the value of the inverse level density parameter k at different angular momentum regions (J) corresponding to different γ-multiplicity. It is observed that, for the present system the value of k remains almost constant for different J. The present results on the angular momentum dependence of the nuclear level density (NLD) parameter ã (=A/k), for nuclei with A ~180 is quite different from our earlier measurements in case of light and medium mass systems. The present analysis provides useful information to understand the angular momentum dependence of NLD at different nuclear mass regions.

An excited state of 12C having excitation energy (Ex) 9.65 ± 0.02 MeV and width (FWHM) 607 ± 55 keV, which decays to three α particles via Hoyle state (Ex = 7.65 MeV), has been directly identified in the exclusive inelastic scattering of 60 MeV 4He on 12C, measured in coincidence with the recoiling 12C Hoyle state (decaying mostly as 12C* → 8Begs → α → α + α + α) by event-by-event kinematic reconstruction of the completely detected (4α) events. This state is likely to be a candidate for 22+ first excited of Hoyle state.

The high-spin states in 197Tl were studied by populating them using the 197Au(α, 4n)197 Tl reaction at 48 MeV of beam energy. γ−γ coincidence data were taken using a combination of clover, LEPS (low energy photon spectrometer) and single crystal HPGe detectors. The polarization and DCO measurements were performed for definite spin and parity assignment of the excited states. The πi13/2 intruder state has been identified for the first time in this nucleus. The total Routhian surface calculations have been performed to study the shape and deformation of 197Tl for different configurations.

The quantitative contributions of various direct three alpha decay mechanisms in the decay of the famous Hoyle state, the 02+ resonant excited state of 12C at excitation energy of 7.65 MeV, has been estimated using 60 MeV α inelastic scattering on 12C target in complete kinematical measurement. Simultaneous optimisation of three different distributions (the relative energy of 8Be like pairs, the root mean square energy deviation and the radial projection of symmetric Dalitz plot) derived from the experimental data with those generated from the Monte Carlo simulated event sets, have been done to arrive at a consistent estimation of the contributions of various direct decay modes.

Plant tissue culture is the method to produce many pigments, such as anthocyanin, regarding the importance of light in plant growth, especially when using laser rays. The present study aimed to establish the effect of laser rays on seed germination, initiation of callus, and the measurement of the amounts of anthocyanin pigment and protein for the growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Sterilizing seeds were cultured on a surface of MS medium, then seedlings stems were exposed to laser rays for 0, 4, 8, and 12 minutes each alone and planted on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of NAA and 1.0 mg/l of BA, the total protein of seedlings was estimated from all kinds of seedlings exposed to the rays. The anthocyanin pigment content was estimated and read Spectroscopically at a wavelength of 528 nm. The results refer to the different rates and periods of radish se ed germination dependent on the exposure time to the laser rays. They also showed the ability of seedlings to initiate callus fr om hypocotyl stems, which was the fastest exposed for 12 minutes after 7 days at a rate of 100 %. The seeds which were previously exposed to diode laser rays at different times recorded a superiority in stimulating anthocyanin pigment content, which amounted to 1195.2 µg/g for stems and 333.8 µg/g for leaves over the rest of the treatments and the control treatment. This proved to be a modern method to develop forms of physical stimulation as a bio elicitor for the growth of radish tissue cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]