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1. Awareness of doctors of health care and possible therapy methods for alcohol and drug dependant patients in Latvia

Author

Dave V., Sudraba V., and Rancans E.

Subjects
dependence, detoxification, suggestive methods, psychotherapy, self-help groups, Social Sciences
Abstract

Aim is to investigate the knowledge of Latvian doctors about addiction treatment and healthcare possibilities in Latvia, to compare which methods are the best known to physicians, and which are offered to addicted patients. Work material and methods. Questionnaire was developed by researchers themselves, it contains 14 questions (about demographical data, treatment methods and their application). 250 questionnaires were distributed, 158 (63, 2%) were received. Results. Average age of participants – 43.7 years. 31,0% of respondents are psychiatrists, 13,3% – addiction specialists, 34,8% – other specialists (general practitioners, internists, health care doctors, neurologists and others), 12,0% – psychotherapists, 4,4% – surgeons, 1,9% – dentists and 1,9% – paediatricians. The best known were detoxification (98,2%) and suggestion (892%) methods. The least known methods for drug addicts were substitution therapy (73,4%) and rehabilitation communities (73,4%). The most recommended treatment method was Minnesota programme – 108 (68,4%) and detoxification 99 (62,7%), the least recommended – substitution therapy – 29 (18,5%). Conclusions. 17,1% of respondents do not meet patients with addiction problems, but 20,3% of respondents don’t recommend any of treatment methods. Although 73%-98% of respondents have information about treatment methods, only 18%-68% of respondents offer them.

Published
2012
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20. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: An international multi-center study

Author

Fountoulakis, K.N. Dragioti, E. Theofilidis, A.T. Wiklund, T. Atmatzidis, X. Nimatoudis, I. Thys, E. Wampers, M. Hranov, L. Hristova, T. Aptalidis, D. Milev, R. Iftene, F. Spaniel, F. Knytl, P. Furstova, P. From, T. Karlsson, H. Walta, M. Salokangas, R.K.R. Azorin, J.-M. Bouniard, J. Montant, J. Juckel, G. Haussleiter, I.S. Douzenis, A. Michopoulos, I. Ferentinos, P. Smyrnis, N. Mantonakis, L. Nemes, Z. Gonda, X. Vajda, D. Juhasz, A. Shrivastava, A. Waddington, J. Pompili, M. Comparelli, A. Corigliano, V. Rancans, E. Navickas, A. Hilbig, J. Bukelskis, L. Stevovic, L.I. Vodopic, S. Esan, O. Oladele, O. Osunbote, C. Rybakowski, J.K. Wojciak, P. Domowicz, K. Figueira, M.L. Linhares, L. Crawford, J. Panfil, A.-L. Smirnova, D. Izmailova, O. Lecic-Tosevski, D. Temmingh, H. Howells, F. Bobes, J. Garcia-Portilla, M.P. García-Alvarez, L. Erzin, G. Karadaǧ, H. De Sousa, A. Bendre, A. Hoschl, C. Bredicean, C. Papava, I. Vukovic, O. Pejuskovic, B. Russell, V. Athanasiadis, L. Konsta, A. Stein, D. Berk, M. Dean, O. Tandon, R. Kasper, S. De Hert, M.

Abstract

Background The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ±Â 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct cores of schizophrenia, the Positive and the Negative, while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition. © 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

21. Accuracy of the PHQ-2 Alone and in Combination With the PHQ-9 for Screening to Detect Major Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Levis B, Sun Y, He C, Wu Y, Krishnan A, Bhandari PM, Neupane D, Imran M, Brehaut E, Negeri Z, Fischer FH, Benedetti A, Thombs BD, Depression Screening Data (DEPRESSD) PHQ Collaboration, Che L, Levis A, Riehm K, Saadat N, Azar M, Rice D, Boruff J, Kloda L, Cuijpers P, Gilbody S, Ioannidis J, McMillan D, Patten S, Shrier I, Ziegelstein R, Moore A, Akena D, Amtmann D, Arroll B, Ayalon L, Baradaran H, Beraldi A, Bernstein C, Bhana A, Bombardier C, Buji RI, Butterworth P, Carter G, Chagas M, Chan J, Chan LF, Chibanda D, Cholera R, Clover K, Conway A, Conwell Y, Daray F, de Man-van Ginkel J, Delgadillo J, Diez-Quevedo C, Fann J, Field S, Fisher J, Fung D, Garman E, Gelaye B, Gholizadeh L, Gibson L, Goodyear-Smith F, Green E, Greeno C, Hall B, Hampel P, Hantsoo L, Haroz E, Harter M, Hegerl U, Hides L, Hobfoll S, Honikman S, Hudson M, Hyphantis T, Inagaki M, Ismail K, Jeon HJ, Jetté N, Khamseh M, Kiely K, Kohler S, Kohrt B, Kwan Y, Lamers F, Asunción Lara M, Levin-Aspenson H, Lino V, Liu S-I, Lotrakul M, Loureiro S, Löwe B, Luitel N, Lund C, Marrie RA, Marsh L, Marx B, McGuire A, Mohd Sidik S, Munhoz T, Muramatsu K, Nakku J, Navarrete L, Osório F, Patel V, Pence B, Persoons P, Petersen I, Picardi A, Pugh S, Quinn T, Rancans E, Rathod S, Reuter K, Roch S, Rooney A, Rowe H, Santos I, Schram M, Shaaban J, Shinn E, Sidebottom A, Simning A, Spangenberg L, Stafford L, Sung S, Suzuki K, Swartz R, Tan PLL, Taylor-Rowan M, Tran T, Turner A, van der Feltz-Cornelis C, van Heyningen T, van Weert H, Wagner L, Li Wang J, White J, Winkley K, Wynter K, Yamada M, Zhi Zeng Q, and Zhang Y

Subjects
Adult, Male, Depressive Disorder, Major, Patient Health Questionnaire, behavioral disciplines and activities, Sensitivity and Specificity, humanities, Interviews as Topic, ROC Curve, General & Internal Medicine, mental disorders, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, 11 Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Importance:The Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9) is a 9-item self-administered instrument used for detecting depression and assessing severity of depression. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) consists of the first 2 items of the PHQ-9 (which assess the frequency of depressed mood and anhedonia) and can be used as a first step to identify patients for evaluation with the full PHQ-9. Objective:To estimate PHQ-2 accuracy alone and combined with the PHQ-9 for detecting major depression. Data Sources:MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (January 2000-May 2018). Study Selection:Eligible data sets compared PHQ-2 scores with major depression diagnoses from a validated diagnostic interview. Data Extraction and Synthesis:Individual participant data were synthesized with bivariate random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-2 alone among studies using semistructured, fully structured, or Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnostic interviews separately and in combination with the PHQ-9 vs the PHQ-9 alone for studies that used semistructured interviews. The PHQ-2 score ranges from 0 to 6, and the PHQ-9 score ranges from 0 to 27. Results:Individual participant data were obtained from 100 of 136 eligible studies (44 318 participants; 4572 with major depression [10%]; mean [SD] age, 49 [17] years; 59% female). Among studies that used semistructured interviews, PHQ-2 sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 0.91 (0.88-0.94) and 0.67 (0.64-0.71) for cutoff scores of 2 or greater and 0.72 (0.67-0.77) and 0.85 (0.83-0.87) for cutoff scores of 3 or greater. Sensitivity was significantly greater for semistructured vs fully structured interviews. Specificity was not significantly different across the types of interviews. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88 (0.86-0.89) for semistructured interviews, 0.82 (0.81-0.84) for fully structured interviews, and 0.87 (0.85-0.88) for the MINI. There were no significant subgroup differences. For semistructured interviews, sensitivity for PHQ-2 scores of 2 or greater followed by PHQ-9 scores of 10 or greater (0.82 [0.76-0.86]) was not significantly different than PHQ-9 scores of 10 or greater alone (0.86 [0.80-0.90]); specificity for the combination was significantly but minimally higher (0.87 [0.84-0.89] vs 0.85 [0.82-0.87]). The area under the curve was 0.90 (0.89-0.91). The combination was estimated to reduce the number of participants needing to complete the full PHQ-9 by 57% (56%-58%). Conclusions and Relevance:In an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies that compared PHQ scores with major depression diagnoses, the combination of PHQ-2 (with cutoff ≥2) followed by PHQ-9 (with cutoff ≥10) had similar sensitivity but higher specificity compared with PHQ-9 cutoff scores of 10 or greater alone. Further research is needed to understand the clinical and research value of this combined approach to screening.

Published
2020

22. Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study

Author

Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects. RESULTS: There was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P < .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures (P < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness. DISCUSSION: Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.

Published
2021

23. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS : An international multi-center study

Author

Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., De, Hert M., Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., and De, Hert M.

Abstract

Background. The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods. Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results. The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions. The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Probability of major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI diagnostic interviews: A synthesis of three individual participant data meta-analyses

Author

Wu, Y. Levis, B. Ioannidis, J.P.A. Benedetti, A. Thombs, B.D. Sun, Y. He, C. Krishnan, A. Bhandari, P.M. Neupane, D. Negeri, Z. Imran, M. Rice, D.B. Riehm, K.E. Saadat, N. Azar, M. Levis, A.W. Sanchez, T.A. Chiovitti, M.J. Yan, X.W. Boruff, J. Kloda, L.A. Cuijpers, P. Gilbody, S. McMillan, D. Patten, S.B. Shrier, I. Ziegelstein, R.C. Comeau, L. Mitchell, N.D. Tonelli, M. Vigod, S.N. Henry, M. Ismail, Z. Loiselle, C.G. Akena, D.H. Al-Adawi, S. Alamri, S.H. Alvarado, R. Alvarado-Esquivel, C. Amtmann, D. Arroll, B. Ayalon, L. Bakare, M.O. Baradaran, H.R. Barnes, J. Bavle, A.D. Beck, C.T. Beraldi, A. Bernstein, C.N. Bhana, A. Bindt, C. Bombardier, C.H. Boyce, P.M. Büel-Drabe, N. Buji, R.I. Bunevicius, A. Butnoriene, J. Bunevicius, R. Butterworth, P. Carter, G. Chagas, M.H. Chan, J.C.N. Chan, L.F. Chaudron, L.H. Chen, C.-K. Cholera, R. Clover, K. Conroy, R.M. Conway, A. Conwell, Y. Correa, H. Castro E Couto, T. Cukor, D. Dabscheck, E. Daray, F.M. De Figueiredo, F.P. De Man-Van Ginkel, J.M. Diez-Quevedo, C. Douven, E. Downing, M.G. Eapen, V. Fann, J.R. Feinstein, A. Ferentinos, P.P. Fernandes, M. Field, S. Figueiredo, B. Fischer, F.H. Fisher, J.R.W. Flint, A.J. Fujimori, M. Fung, D.S.S. Gallagher, P. Gandy, M. Garcia-Esteve, L. Garman, E.C. Gelaye, B. Gholizadeh, L. Giardinelli, L. Gibson, L.J. Goodyear-Smith, F. Grassi, L. Green, E.P. Greeno, C.G. Hall, B.J. Hantsoo, L. Haroz, E.E. Harter, M. Hegerl, U. Helle, N. Hides, L. Hobfoll, S.E. Honikman, S. Howard, L.M. Hudson, M. Hyphantis, T. Inagaki, M. Jenewein, J. Jeon, H.J. Jette, N. Keller, M. Khalifa, D.S. Khamseh, M.E. Kiely, K.M. Kim, S.-W. Kjargaard, M. Kohler, S. Kohlhoff, J. Kohrt, B.A. Kozinszky, Z. Kusminskas, L. Kwan, Y. Lamers, F. Lara, M.A. Lelli, L. Leonardou, A.A. Levin-Aspenson, H.F. Lotrakul, M. Loureiro, S.R. Lowe, B. Luitel, N.P. Lund, C. Maes, M. Marrie, R.A. Marsh, L. Martin-Santos, R. Marx, B.P. Massardo, L. Matsuoka, Y. Mehner, A. Meuti, V. Michopoulos, I. Misery, L. Sidik, S.M. Munhoz, T.N. Muramatsu, K. Radoš, S.N. Nakku, J.E.M. Navarrete, L. Garcia, P.N. Navines, R. Nishi, D. O'Donnell, M.L. Luwa E-Andjafono, D.O. Osório, F.L. Öztürk, A. Peceliuniene, J. Pence, B.W. Persoons, P. Picardi, A. Pintor, L. Ponsford, J.L. Pugh, S.L. Quinn, T.J. Rancans, E. Rathod, S.D. Reme, S.E. Reuter, K. Robertson-Blackmore, E. Rochat, T.J. Rooney, A.G. Rowe, H.J. Sánchez-González, R. Santos, I.S. Schram, M.T. Schwarzbold, M.L. Cankorur, V.S. Shaaban, J. Sharpe, L. Shinn, E.H. Sidebottom, A. Simard, S. Simning, A. Singer, S. Siu, B.W.M. Skalkidou, A. Spangenberg, L. Stafford, L. Stein, A. Stewart, R.C. Stone, J. Su, K.-P. Sultan, S. Sundström-Poromaa, I. Sung, S.C. Suzuki, K. Tadinac, M. Tan, P.L.L. Tandon, S.D. Taylor-Rowan, M. Teixeira, A.L. Tendais, I. Thiagayson, P. Tiringer, I. Töreki, A. Torres-Giménez, A. Tran, T.D. Trevillion, K. Tung, K.-Y. Turner, A. Turner, K. Van Der Feltz-Cornelis, C.M. Van Heyningen, T. Van Weert, H.C. Vega-Dienstmaier, J.M. Vöhringer, P.A. Wagner, L.I. Walterfang, M. Wang, J.L. Wang, W. Wang, L.-J. White, J. Wong, D.K. Wynter, K. Yamada, M. Yonkers, K.A. Zeng, Q.Z. Zhang, Y. DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) Collaboration

Abstract

Introduction: Three previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) reported that, compared to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), alternative reference standards, primarily the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), tended to misclassify major depression status, when controlling for depression symptom severity. However, there was an important lack of precision in the results. Objective: To compare the odds of the major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI. Methods: We included and standardized data from 3 IPDMA databases. For each IPDMA, separately, we fitted binomial generalized linear mixed models to compare the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of major depression classification, controlling for symptom severity and characteristics of participants, and the interaction between interview and symptom severity. Next, we synthesized results using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 69,405 participants (7,574 [11%] with major depression) from 212 studies were included. Controlling for symptom severity and participant characteristics, the MINI (74 studies; 25,749 participants) classified major depression more often than the SCID (108 studies; 21,953 participants; aOR 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.92]). Classification odds for the CIDI (30 studies; 21,703 participants) and the SCID did not differ overall (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 0.79-1.75); however, as screening scores increased, the aOR increased less for the CIDI than the SCID (interaction aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.80). Conclusions: Compared to the SCID, the MINI classified major depression more often. The odds of the depression classification with the CIDI increased less as symptom levels increased. Interpretation of research that uses diagnostic interviews to classify depression should consider the interview characteristics. © 2020

Published
2020

35. Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Author

Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients. DISCUSSION: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.

Published
2019

44. Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000-2011

Author

Fountoulakis, Kn, Kawohl, W, Theodorakis, Pn, Kerkhof, Aj, Navickas, A, Höschl, C, Lecic Tosevski, D, Sorel, E, Rancans, E, Palova, E, Juckel, G, Isacsson, G, Korosec, Jagodic, H, Botezat Antonescu, I, Warnke, I, Rybakowski, J, Azorin, Jm, Cookson, J, Waddington, J, Pregelj, P, Demyttenaere, K, Hranov, Lg, Injac Stevovic, L, Pezawas, L, Adida, M, Figuera, Ml, Pompili, Maurizio, Jakovljević, M, Vichi, M, Perugi, G, Andrasen, O, Vukovic, O, Mavrogiorgou, P, Varnik, P, Bech, P, Dome, P, Winkler, P, Salokangas, Rk, From, T, Danileviciute, V, Gonda, X, Rihmer, Z, Forsman Benhalima, J, Grady, A, Kloster, Leadholm, Ak, Soendergaard, S, Nordt, C, Lopez Ibor, J., Clinical Psychology, and EMGO+ - Mental Health

Subjects
Adult, Male, Inflation, medicine.medical_specialty, Internationality, Adolescent, Gross Domestic Product, media_common.quotation_subject, Statistics as Topic, Poison control, Suicide prevention, Recession, Gross domestic product, 03 medical and health sciences, suicide rates, economic variables, Europe, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, Injury prevention, medicine, Per capita, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, media_common, business.industry, SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth, Middle Aged, ta3124, 030227 psychiatry, Suicide, Psychiatry and Mental health, Economic Recession, Unemployment, 8. Economic growth, Female, Demographic economics, business
Abstract

BackgroundIt is unclear whether there is a direct link between economic crises and changes in suicide rates.AimsThe Lopez-Ibor Foundation launched an initiative to study the possible impact of the economic crisis on European suicide rates.MethodData was gathered and analysed from 29 European countries and included the number of deaths by suicide in men and women, the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the annual economic growth rate and inflation.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between suicide rates and all economic indices except GPD per capita in men but only a correlation with unemployment in women. However, the increase in suicide rates occurred several months before the economic crisis emerged.ConclusionsOverall, this study confirms a general relationship between the economic environment and suicide rates; however, it does not support there being a clear causal relationship between the current economic crisis and an increase in the suicide rate.

Published
2014
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