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Intradermal injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a non-surgical cosmetic therapy to rejuvenate the periorbital area pathologies of wrinkles, periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH), and photoaging. The past decade has seen the adoption of this novel therapy around the world. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating PRP treatment of periorbital pathologies. This is a PRISMA compliant review that includes a comprehensive search of the databases Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov. The search was performed in June 2019 to obtain all peer-reviewed articles published in English that describe the application of PRP to periorbital pathologies. A meta-analysis of patient satisfaction was performed for randomized controlled trials. Nineteen studies treating 455 patients (95% female, age range 28–60) were included. Studies were categorized based on reported outcomes: wrinkles (11 studies), POH (7 studies), and photoaging (6 studies). Patients were treated a mean of 3 times (range 1–8) in mean intervals of 23 days (range 14–56 days). Follow-up averaged 3 months (range 1–6 months). Meta-analysis of 3 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) shows that patients treated with PRP have increased satisfaction above controls of saline, platelet-poor plasma, mesotherapy, and as an adjunct to laser therapy (overall effect p = 0.001, heterogeneity I2 = 64%). PRP treatment of periorbital area pathologies results in histologic improvements of photoaging, subjective satisfaction score increases, and blind evaluator assessments of rejuvenated skin appearance. Future studies are needed to address limitations of the current literature and should include long-term follow-up, delineation of the POH etiology that is treated, RCTs with low risk of bias, and be absent conflicts of interest or industry sponsors. Trial registration: Prospero Systematic Review Registration ID: CRD42019135968

Objective: The past decade has seen platelet-rich plasma (PRP) become a popular therapy around the world as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). These systematic review and meta-analyses assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of PRP to determine the role of PRP as a treatment for AGA among the other non-surgical treatment modalities.Methods: This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered under the PROSPERO ID CRD42019136329. Seven databases were searched from inception through May 2019. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to evaluate the effect of PRP treatments on hair density and hair thickness.Results: Thirty studies, including 687 patients, met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies reported beneficial results, and 24 studies reached statistical significance on a measured outcome. Ten RCTs were included. Our meta-analyses show that PRP treatment increases hair density and hair thickness.Conclusions: PRP is an autologous treatment that lacks serious adverse effects and effectively improves hair density and hair thickness in men and women with AGA. Future research should include low risk-of-bias RCTs to optimize treatment protocols, investigate variability among studies, and to obtain more data on hair thickness changes.

How can we know what stakeholders think and feel about brands in real-time and over time? Most brand reputation measures are at the aggregate level (e.g., the Interbrand “Best Global Brands” list) or rely on customer brand perception surveys on a periodical basis (e.g., the Y&R Brand Asset Valuator). To answer this question, brand reputation measures must capture the voice of the stakeholders (not just ratings on brand attributes), must reflect important brand events in real-time, and must connect to a brand’s financial value to the firm. This paper develops a new social media-based brand reputation tracker by mining Twitter comments for the world’s top 100 brands using Rust-Zeithaml-Lemon’s value-brand-relationship framework, on a weekly, monthly, and quarterly basis. The paper demonstrates that brand reputation can be monitored in real-time and longitudinally, managed by leveraging the reciprocal and virtuous relationships between the drivers, and connected to firm financial performance. The resulting measures are housed in an online longitudinal database and may be accessed by brand reputation researchers.

Mining opinions from online reviews has been shown to be extremely valuable in the past decades. There has been a surge of research focused on understanding consumer brand perceptions from the textual content of online reviews using text mining methods. With the increase in smartphone usage and ease of posting images, these reviews now often contain visual content. We propose an unsupervised cluster method to understand the user-generated imagery (UGI) of online reviews in the travel industry. Using the deep embedded clustering model we group together similar UGI and examine the average review ratings of these clusters to identify imagery associated with positive and negative reviews. After training the method on the entire dataset, we map out individual hotels and their corresponding UGI to show how hotel managers can use the method to understand their performance in particular areas of customer service based on UGI. The performance in a cluster relative to the population can be a clear indicator of areas that need improvement or areas that should be highlighted in the hotel's marketing efforts. Overall, we present a useful application using visual analytics for mining consumer opinions and perceptions directly from image data.

Intradermal injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a non-surgical cosmetic therapy to rejuvenate the periorbital area pathologies of wrinkles, periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH), and photoaging. The past decade has seen the adoption of this novel therapy around the world. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating PRP treatment of periorbital pathologies. This is a PRISMA compliant review that includes a comprehensive search of the databases Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov. The search was performed in June 2019 to obtain all peer-reviewed articles published in English that describe the application of PRP to periorbital pathologies. A meta-analysis of patient satisfaction was performed for randomized controlled trials. Nineteen studies treating 455 patients (95% female, age range 28-60) were included. Studies were categorized based on reported outcomes: wrinkles (11 studies), POH (7 studies), and photoaging (6 studies). Patients were treated a mean of 3 times (range 1-8) in mean intervals of 23 days (range 14-56 days). Follow-up averaged 3 months (range 1-6 months). Meta-analysis of 3 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) shows that patients treated with PRP have increased satisfaction above controls of saline, platelet-poor plasma, mesotherapy, and as an adjunct to laser therapy (overall effect p = 0.001, heterogeneity I

Background This study summarizes all literature investigating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hands and feet. Materials & methods This is a PRISMA compliant systematic review of 7 databases and includes a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data on pain and function. Results Nine articles were included in the review. Meta-analysis of 4 RCTs shows PRP significantly improves pain and function versus control. More results are significant at longer duration follow-up. Conclusions PRP improves pain and function of osteoarthritis. Heterogeneity and risk-of-bias limit current data, requiring more RCTs to determine any regenerative potential of PRP. Prospero Systematic Review Registration Number 136582.

Images are vitally important in interesting consumers and helping them to make decisions. Images of a hotel are particularly important and were used to sell hotels even before the Internet, when travel agencies would often have brochures about hotel properties that they used to entice travelers. On many online travel agency (OTA) websites, the hotel's image can take up 33% of the space on the hotel property page, but the importance of this image in the decision-making process has yet to be studied. For many OTAs, there are currently no quantitative analytic methods that help determine which image to display in this critical location. In this research, we use deep learning to extract information directly from hotel images and we apply image analytics to understand the importance of this information in the online hotel booking process. To provide managerial insights, we will combine a prediction model, with the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to classify and understand the types of images hotels generally use as their thumbnail or "champion" image and what aspects of these images elicit consumers to consider and book a hotel.

Capacity expansion generally requires large capital expenditure on illiquid assets. Therefore, decisions to enlarge capacity must support the organisation’s strategic objectives and provide valuable input for the budgeting process. This paper applies an expanded form of Real Options Analysis (ROA) to generate and evaluate capacity expansion strategies under uncertainty in the construction material industry. ROA is applied to different expansion strategies associated with different demand scenarios. Evaluating a wider variety of strategies can reduce risk and sponsor decisions that maximise the firm’s value. The case study shows that the execution of a lead expansion strategy with 10-year intervals under a 50 per cent demand satisfaction scenario produces superior results.

We explore the relationship between income, race and the probability of being arrested. Our data set is comprised of individuals who have all violated federal marijuana laws, some of whom have been arrested. We reason that the cost of arresting a poor individual with diminished social status is lower. Our empiricism reveals that the probability of arrest is higher when the law breaker is poor and African American.

Is there a link between designated driver usage and alcohol consumption? We hypothesize that the use of a designated driver lowers the cost of drinking which, in turn, increases alcohol consumption. We examine the effect on drinking intensity (which incorporates low levels of alcohol use) and binge drinking (which measures greater alcohol use), using a proxy for designated driver usage. If workplace rules forbid alcohol use for safety or other reasons, a large potential cost of drinking is the possible job loss (or other penalty) incurred if an employed person tests positive for alcohol. We add variables to our model related to workplace policies on alcohol use by workers to ascertain if designated drivers still influence drinking. We test these hypotheses utilizing a large dataset from the 2006 and 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) which includes several measures of alcohol use, in addition to a host of other correlates. Findings reveal that our proxy for designated driver use increases the incidence of drinking and the results hold even after controlling for workplace alcohol testing.

This study uses the voter-shopping construct to analyze signaling of moderateness in the U.S. Senate. We compare legislator-provided signals (advertising)—such as membership in the U.S. Senate’s Centrist Coalition—with actual voting histories in order to characterize these types of advertising cues as sincere or insincere. Following recent research indicating that moderate legislators receive greater financial support, we test whether or not Political Action Committees (PACs) are willing to support financially those who send false signals of moderateness. Our results show that the mean level of real PAC contributions garnered by non-moderate Democrats who send false signals exceeds that of the non-moderate Democrats who do not do so by $182,078. This figure is about 74% of mean level of real PAC contributions for those non-moderate Democrats who do not send false signals.

I Introduction IN 1999, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES STATED: "The annual comprehensive cost of STDs in the United States is estimated to be well in excess of $10 billion." (1) Today more than 20 STDs have been identified and, again according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, they "affect" approximately 13 million men and women each year. Generally speaking, STDs can be either viral (as in the case of HIV and herpes) or bacterial. This article focuses on the effect of welfare payments on the incidence of three types of bacterial STDs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. All three of these STDs are targets of federally funded control programs and are the only STDs for which long-term data are available. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the chlamydia incidence rate for 1998 was 236.6 per 100,000 persons, and its prevalence has generally declined over time. Screening programs indicate that the highest incidence of chlamydia in women is among adolescents. Furthermore, chlamydia is highly prevalent among economically disadvantaged female adolescents--the same population who are likely to qualify for welfare assistance. The gonorrhea incidence rate for 1998 was 132.9 cases per 100,000 persons. The incidence of gonorrhea declined from the mid-1970s to 1997, although an increase was reported between 1997 and 1998. Female gonorrhea rates are highest among those 15 to 19 years old. Also in 1998, the incidence rate for primary and secondary syphilis was 2.6 per 100,000 persons--the lowest rate recorded since 1941 when national reporting began. Syphilis today is primarily a regional problem, with 91 percent of the counties reporting syphilis cases in 1998 being located in the South. This article explores the possibility that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases may be unwittingly encouraged by public policy. Specifically, we argue that if welfare payments lower the cost of unprotected sexual relations, they play a role in the incidence of STDs. In the next section we present our logical argument. In the subsequent three sections, we review the literature, specify our model, and present our empirical findings. II The Logic AFDC PAYMENTS, OR WHAT IS GENERALLY REFERRED TO AS "WELFARE," have long been a topic for study by economists. Among the most studied aspects of any income transfer is how the recipients' behavior is altered. The literature has had much to say regarding, for example, how rates of fertility (2) and illegitimacy are affected by AFDC payments. As Ozawa (1989), Caudill and Mixon (1993), and Clarke and Strauss (1998) have determined, the magnitude of financial transfers to unwed mothers is positively related to rates of fertility and illegitimacy. The rationale is that these welfare payments lower the cost of bearing and raising children. In addition to an increase in fertility, AFDC payments may have some impact on the number of children put up for adoption and the number of aborted pregnancies that occur. The relationships described above are "downstream" outcomes of "upstream" behavior. Specifically, for there to be increases in fertility, children offered for adoption, and abortions, it must be the case that first there has been an increase in unprotected sex. After all, unprotected sex is generally a requirement for pregnancy. As Ressler, Waters, Hill, and Watson (2005) point out, because such sex also is correlated with the risk of contracting HIV, AFDC payments are positively correlated with HIV incidence rates per state. It should also be the case that AFDC payments are positively related to the propensity to contract other STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. Given the opportunity to have unprotected sex, a woman's choice is assumed to be a function of the perceived costs and benefits that she will bear from this action. …