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This experimental work investigates the emission, performance, and combustion study of Pongamia biodiesel fuel with the addition of titanium oxide (TiO2) in four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, compression-ignition (CI) engine. The TiO2 nanoparticle was included with Pongamia biodiesel (PBD100) fuel at the different PPM of 50 and 100. These experimental results proved that biodiesel with TiO2 nanoparticle has improved combustion when compared to biodiesel fuel. The emissions of HC, the smoke of biodiesel with 100 ppm TiO2 nanoparticle are lower than biodiesel fuel by 2.1%, 2.7% at full load. NOx and CO emissions are decreased by 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively compared to biodiesel. As per the performance fronts, specific fuel consumption improved with improvement in brake thermal efficiency for Pongamia biodiesel with 50 and 100 ppm TiO2 nanoparticle. The TiO2 nanoparticle inclusion at different ppm significantly increases the peak pressure and the net heat release rate values for Pongamia biodiesel. Hence, the Pongamia biodiesel with TiO2 nanoadditives is an appropriate substitute fuel for diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of octanol on the engine emissions, performance, and combustion of Pongamia oil biodiesel/octanol blends were examined. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, biodiesel engine using various blends of Pongamia biodiesel and octanol (O10PBD90, and O20PBD20) and Biodiesel (PBD). Experimental results show that the octanol and biodiesel blends (O10PBD90 and O20PBD20) have slightly higher Brake thermal efficiency (0.3–0.7%) and lower Brake specific fuel consumption (0.4% to 0.9%) than that of neat biodiesel (PBD) at all engine loads. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission and smoke emission are reduced by 2.2–2.9% and 2.1–3.2% for octanol and biodiesel blends compared to neat biodiesel. Introduction of octanol to biodiesel reduces the unburned hydrocarbon (1.7–2.5%), carbon monoxide emissions (1.4–2.7%) considerably. Further, the cylinder pressure and heat release rate and were enhanced by adding octanol to base fuel (BD100). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a heat pipe solar collector (HPSC) utilization system is proposed. An experimental system was designed to analyze the effect of nanofluid concentration on the efficiency of the solar collector. The HPSC system was investigated with low concentration of water-based Al2O3 and MgO as the working medium. To examine the structural and optical properties, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) were performed. The HSPC exhibited higher efficiency when they treated with MgO nanofluids. As the concentration of the nanofluid increases, the efficiency of the solar collector is increased irrespective of the working medium. Nevertheless, compared to the Al2O3, MgO reported superior efficiency irrespective of the concentration. Second, the entropy generation for MgO was lower and highest for the neat water. Further, the flow rate of the nanofluids increases the collector efficiency spikes. Experimental system shows that the maximum performance of the HPSC is possible by employing the nanofluids to the existing system in an optimized concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the emission characteristics of cashew nut shell biodiesel-fueled diesel engine with zinc oxide nanoparticle at various particle sizes (10 nm and 20 nm). Zinc oxide (ZnO) at a particle size of 10 nm and 20 nm were blended with cashew nut shell biodiesel using ultrasonicator, and the physicochemical properties were measured. Results revealed that cashew nut shell biodiesel promotes a lower level of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions with a significant increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. By adding 10 nm, the particle size of ZnO nanoparticle in cashew nut shell biodiesel reduces the CO, HC, smoke and NOx emission. The addition of ZnO nanoparticle at higher particle size in base fuel further reduces the CO, HC, smoke and NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]