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When it comes to combating climate change and global warming, the best course of action is to promote the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. In this regard, most nations have resolved to boost the use of solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines (WTs) to generate clean green energy and curb carbon emissions. India is actively contributing to the international change of the energy sector. When it comes to renewable energy and encouraging the use of electric vehicles, India is among the top five countries in the world. There has been a recent push to increase the world's renewable energy generation capacity to 450 GW by 2030, up from its current level of around 400 GW. Getting India's total generation beyond 60%using the low-carbon energy sources is encouraged because it will help the country meet its larger climate goals and push it above the amount agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. Economic growth, increased energy security, and expanding access to energy for the rural population are only a few of the goals, roles, and responsibilities of government. As part of India's progress toward modernization, this paper details a number of related efforts, policy shifts, technical and economic hurdles, and regulatory rules for rolling out renewables and EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the multi-level dependency has been increasing. It has many convenient applications to conversion ability as well as to change in the improvement in the output voltage quality. Adding on, it has been providing the lowest total-harmonic-distortion(THD), the output power rating has also been increased by lower switching losses and conduction losses and also multi-level is providing higher staircase voltage levels. In this paper the H-Bridge cascaded-multiple-level inverter with different levels of output is studied using MATLAB. The role of multiple-level inverter is, it has to convert DC to good quality AC. In multi-level the transformation of power from DC to AC will be carried out in small steps which results in lower harmonics. This paper presents 3-level, 5-level and 7-level of H-Bridge cascaded-multiple-level inverters. The cascaded multiple-level inverter uses the notion of series connection means that, the output of one inverter stage is given as input to the following inverter stage. The number of voltage levels developed by the inverter depends on the number of individual inverter stages. Each inverter stage consists of four switching devices. For every inverter stage a separate DC source must be used. Here, we are using sinusoidal voltage pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique to trigger the switching devices. Finally, the simulation results of 3-level, 5-level, 7-level are observed and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fossil fuels has created ecological problems, such as the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere, which makes it necessary for people to alter their current quality of life. As a result, big business and government have both made big bets on the future of transportation, particularly as it relates to electric vehicles and other forms of cutting-edge tech. Rapidly recharging electric vehicle batteries is a technological concern. In order to quickly charge electron volts and reduce grids' demands, it is advocated to use renewable energy systems. A higher Voltage converter (boost) driven by a proportional integral controller is proposed by the study to deal with the current state of fast charging. With the boost converter's help, you can get a different amount of output power to go along with the value you expect the referred voltage to be. While PVs provide the given supply, an electric vehicle's batteries are replaced by a single resistance known as the output load. Live testing will be performed using the measuring instruments provided by Key-sight Technology solutions, and the results will be verified via simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high efficiency and power factor of rechargeable batteries, they require high-power-density and bridgeless single-conversion battery chargers. In this paper, we introduce a bridgeless AC-DC c0nverter that can provide high efficiency and low reverse-recovery losses. The proposed device features a series-resonance current injection system and a linear feedback algorithm to control the output power. Because of the simplicity of the circuit construction, it has a high efficiency and power factor. The suggested charger's theoretical concepts are tested in an actual setting using a 1.7 kW prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays in the ship industry we can see clearly see that every ship is shifting to electric propulsion systems from conventional propulsion systems like diesel propulsion systems due to a lot of advantages it offers, like reduced environmental pollution, lower running cost, less maintenance, electric energy is cheaper as compared with gasoline, greater controlling of vehicle and advancement of power electronics devices. As the emergence of with drive systems and electrical propulsion components, electrical loads in ships and boats are still present in the twenty-first century, integrated marine power systems (IMPS) will require more research and development. Because future IMPS will be primarily powered by power electronic devices, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) will become more prevalent in shipboard systems. In this paper we discuss designing a controller for PMSM for marine applications to obtain desired speed and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key issue in the current generation's distribution system is power quality due to the increased number of loads being connected to it. Because of the increasing number of non-linear loads, electronic gadgets, and renewable energy sources, there has been a surge in interest in the field of power quality recently. Measures the efficiency of electric power transmission from generating to industrial, domestic, and commercial customers. Voltage quality issues account for almost half of all power quality issues. The standards in a distribution system are discussed in relation to power quality issues in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In any power system network, transmission lines transmit the power from the feeding end(S) to delivering end(R). In the line, the active power (PLine) and reactive power (QLine) flowing in line is adjusted by various types of controllers. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the devices used to adjust the PLine and QLine in the transmission system by adjusting the parameters. To enhance PLine and QLine. Coordination controllers for PLine and QLine for UPFC have been used. Primary control of this controller is bus voltage of UPFC, shunt QLine, and voltage of DC link capacitor are all maintained by UPFC's Shunt-Converter. PLine and QLine are maintained by seriesconverter. During stable conditions, active power requirement of series-converter is provided by Shunt-Converter of UPFC and at transient conditions, the PLine is provided by DC link capacitor. To prevent voltage loss in dc link capacitor at transient time and also to limit excessive voltage excursions at the time of QLine flows, coordination controller for PLine and coordination controller for QLine are used respectively. This article, consists of FUZZY Logic Control for fulfilment of the PLine requirement of series-converter by use of a Shunt-Converter. Simulink\MATLAB tool has been utilized for the simulation purpose of the system. The results from simulations have been depicted to present enhancement in performance characteristics of UPFC with coordination controllers for PLine and QLine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-Automatic Producing Power grid regulation includes adjusting frequency and tie-line output in response to fluctuating load requirements. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in a feedback loop is used in the proposed model to provide the required continuous regulation. The amount of power sent along a tie line from one place to another varies as a function of the load and the frequency. Each region's frequency deviations are actively compared to the frequency that was originally described. The Proportional-Deviation-Integral controller regulates these frequency deviations. The power flowing through the tie-lines between different locations is regulated using a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). Chimp algorithm optimizes these results. The primary goals of automatic voltage control (AGC) are to provide a satisfying frequency near described values as close to the defined range, to manage the right amount of exchange power, and to lower the cost of the unit's generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy created by wind turbine technology is one of the most rapidly developing sustainable power sources due to its enormous potential. Wind turbine (WT) technology has advanced in recent decades, resulting in the adjustable speed WT with a multi-stage gearbox. This sort of WT poses challenging for designers due to the stresses and environmental conditions accomplished with gearbox operation. The gearbox can be replaced with gearless wind turbine technology, increasing turbine reliability through lowering downtime and repair costs. To avoid gearbox failure and transmission losses, WTs without gears are necessary. Since the speeds of generator and rotor are equal as they are directly connected. Due to the low rotational speed of generator designers used many magnetic poles in order to achieve high output frequency. A Direct driven adjustable speed WT with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is investigated in this study. It is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the vehicles all over the planet uses fossil fuel or gasoline for transportation. It is the significant usage of energy and consumes a large portion of the world's oil. These fuels are non-renewable and also poses threat to the atmosphere by creating environmental pollution. This also leads to global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases during transportation. In coming year, electrical vehicles (EVs) are going to be vital alternative for transportation as electricity is cheaper than the fossil fuels and also causes nearly no pollution. In this paper, Simulink model for EV is proposed which demonstrates the vehicle performance, dynamics and battery necessities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To this end, we looked into the enhanced multiple-input DC-DC converter used in a hybrid electric vehicle. It has been increased in its output gain. The suggested converter has the solar panel, fuel cell, and battery all functioning as inputs. The fuel cell was assumed to be the major power source, with rooftop PV used to charge the battery for improved efficiency and reduced fuel usage. There is no need for more than one or two converters, as the load can share the necessary energy. The control method is described and implemented using a power management strategy. To verify the accuracy of the project's analysis, we constructed a converter prototype and tested it. We built the entire system of the converter and simulated it with MATLAB/SIMULINK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the vehicles uses fossil fuel or gasoline for transportation. Usage of fossil fuel contaminates the air due to emission of nitrous oxides and particulates. It also causes the depletion of ozone layer. These fossil fuels are non-renewal and hence will be deplete from the earth in near future dueto increased demand. Moreover, due to scarcity, its cost is also increasing rapidly. In order to deal with this, an electric vehicle can be good alternative for transportation. With usage of electricvehicle, demand for fossil fuel can be greatly reduced. All the electric vehicle (EVs) are refer to BEV (battery electric vehicles) and they are equipped with the battery to store power. With increasing usage of renewable energy sources, clean power can be generated which can be supplied for charging of the electric vehicle. In this paper, review of electric vehicle is carried. Itinvolves various features of EV like its tractive effort, efficiencyof motor and battery necessities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric Spring is an upcoming technology, has been shown to-be useful as a Stability of the a) a smart grid with a high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources; and b) load demand following power generation. The electric spring gains new characteristics from a reactive power controller's modest shift from control of output voltage to control of input voltage which is appropriate. The implications for that controls the changes are underlined in the project, and Electric springs can theoretically and practically reduce the in smart electricity, energy storage is necessary networks are proven and shown in a 90 KVA power grid experimental setup. The electric spring, unlike classic Stat com and Static Var Compensation systems, In non-critical loads, it not only compensates for reactive power but also automatically changes the power. Because of this beneficial feature, non-critical loads with built-in electric springs can adapt future-grid. So, demand of load follow the power generation, reducing need for an energy buffer so, as a result, energy storage requirements are reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the issues of climate change and global warming, the transportation industry is gradually shifting from the usage of hydrocarbon fuels to electricity. The electric vehicles (EVs) are uses battery to store the energy with is subsequently used to convert into mechanical energy while driving the vehicle. Similarly, Micro-grids are used in distribution system that adds renewable energy sources along with the loads. The batteries placed in the EVs could be used significantly applied as energy storage units within the MG system. A good control system have to research and developed in order to satisfy the goal of fast charging of the EV batteries to avoid large queues at the charging stations. In this paper, the implementation of a MG model based vehicle to grid (V2G)-grid to vehicle (G2V) system using the level-3 fast charging of EV's is presented. A level-3 fast charging model consist of a fast DC charging technology for operating the electric vehicle. Various simulation conditions were realized and results have been observed to carry out to operate the power flow of V2G-G2V. Test results shows that regulation of the active power is achieved in the MGs by using the batteries of the EVs as dispatchable sources via the G2V-V2G operational modes. The charging infrastructure that is built should be attaining minimum harmonic distortions for injecting current into the of grid as well as while charging the EV and the controller should always give the very good dynamic results in the point of the DC-bus link voltage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the issues of climate change and global warming, the transportation industry is gradually shifting from the usage of hydrocarbon fuels to electricity. The Electric Vehicles are uses battery to store the energy with is subsequently used to convert into mechanical energy while driving the vehicle. Similarly, Microgrids are used in distribution system that adds renewable energy sources along with the loads. The batteries of the Electric vehicle (EVs) can be possibly used as energy storage and buffering devices inside the microgrids (MGs) or parking space of buildings. These EVs can help in managing the microgrid energy balance under two circumstances, viz. surplus generation it can store the excess energy as the Grid-To-Vehicle, G2V mode by charging of the batteries and during energy deficient in the MG it can provide energy back to the grid by working as Vehicle-To-Grid, V2G operation as discharging of the batteries. To facilitate these concepts proper development of inter-connecting infrastructure and control system arrangements have to be done. This paper provides a literature survey on various architecture for realizing the V2G-G2V strategies within a MG by studying different types of power electronics interfacing (PEI) like level-1, level-2, and level-3 acting as fast charging stations for the EVs are presented. Maintaining the power balance state and improving the reliability of the intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) MGs using proper PEI is a critical task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the event of a power transformer failure, the utility could experience an interruption in its power supply. Many factors, including winding deformations, insulation deterioration, transient and overloaded conditions, etc., can lead to this kind of failure. This research explores the relationship between polarisation and depolarization current (PDC) measured from the oil impregnated paper insulation of a high voltage (HV) power transformer to reveal data about the state of the insulation used in these devices. Paper insulation in a power transformer has been documented to age in a non-uniform fashion. Popular models that can model non-uniform ageing include the conventional Debye model (CDM). In the current study, we employed CDM to foresee the performance of oil-impregnated paper insulation. Further, dielectric loss tan and overall insulation conditions have been explored, with the largest magnitude of Z evaluated from the transfer function (TF) of the CDM model impacting most to the insulation condition and projected moisture present in the insulation paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this work is to analyse the effect of the voltage sag in wind turbine system with a double-fed induction generator. Voltage slope is a short decrease in voltage rms, generally caused by power system failure. This causes disruptions in the final voltage receiving the entire system's power quality. Space vector technology is used for the modelling of the wind power converting system. Vector control techniques are more appropriate from the different DFIG control methods. This technology controls the rotor side converter and the grid side converter. The PWM produces a reference three phase voltage, which supplies the switching pulses to the converters. The reference voltage is produced in the closed loop and bus voltage, following the application of the vector control technique on the rotor current. The rotor side converter controls active, reactive power and torque. In this work, the performance of the system is analysed for various grid voltage disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]