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The main objective of the article was to evaluate the effectiveness of Neuromuscular exercises (NEMEX) on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pubmed, Cochrane, PEDro and Google Scholar were searched. The eligibility criteria were: Randomized controlled trials, single blinded controlled trials, controlled before and after study comparing and assessing the effectiveness of NEMEX in knee osteoarthritis, articles published in English language till 2020 with NEMEX either alone or in conjunction with other interventions (drugs, educational packages) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Outcome measures used for meta-analysis were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for function and the other measures Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Index and Knee Adduction Moment (KAM) and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). The result of the meta-analysis for the included two studies showed statistically significant reduction in pain (VAS) in the NEMEX group as compared to the other group Z = 0.64, p = 0.03, I2 = 79% and no significant reduction in WOMAC scores Z = 0.70, P = 0.64. The study concludes that there was statistically significant improvement in pain (VAS) but no functional improvement (WOMAC) with the NEMEX whether used in isolation or in conjunction with other interventions was seen in the patients with knee OA. However, large numbers of studies are required to generalize the effectiveness of NEMEX in knee osteoarthritis. Based on this review, NEMEX can be used as a potential intervention in reducing pain, improving strength and function in knee osteoarthritis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the geometry of lightlike hypersurfaces of an indefinite Kaehler statistical manifold and investigates their structural properties with respect to the dual connections. Some conditions for the integrability and parallelism of the almost complex distribution have been derived. Further, the induced local lightlike parallel vector fields in the lightlike hypersurfaces have been characterized. It is also shown that a Lie-recurrent structure tensor field in the lightlike hypersurface of an indefinite Kaehler statistical manifold is Lie-parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E. faecium  is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Linezolid (LNZ) is a reserve antibiotic recommended for infections caused by vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VREfm).  The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of optrA  gene among linezolid resistant E. faecium (LREfm) and to study the molecular epidemiology using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clinically significant LREfm were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin was determined by E-test. PCR and PCR-RFPL were performed for the detection of optrA/cfr  gene and G2576T mutation respectively. Molecular epidemiology was studied by PFGE. A total of 1081 clinically significant Enterococci species were isolated which included E. faecium 63.5% (n=687) and E. faecalis 36.5% (n=394). LREfm (30/687) were further studied. Multidrug resistance and v ancomycin resistance was 100% and 80%, respectively. Linezolid MIC range was 8-256µg/ml and the most common mechanism of resistance was optrA gene (83.3%) followed by G2576T mutation (33.3%). PFGE analysis demonstrated 4 major clones. The optrA  gene mediated linezolid resistance was high and PFGE suggests resistance was emerging in the different background strains irrespective of resistance mechanism. Studies are required to investigate factors driving the emergence of linezolid resistance. The review suggests that this is the first report of optrA- mediated resistance in E. faecium from India., (© The Author(s).)