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The carbon black, used in rubber compound as reinforcing filler, improves the strength, durability, and wear resistance of the rubber compound. However, it causes filler-filler interaction and results in extensive hysteresis energy losses on deformation. This research aims to reduce hysteresis energy loss of rubber compound by reducing filler-filler interaction and by improving the filler dispersion in rubber matrix. In this study, the effect of carbon black treated with benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) on solution styrene butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber (SSBR-BR) system was studied. Microscopic study of dispersion and distribution of carbon black in rubber matrix was performed and a significant improvement in dispersion of BTEAC treated carbon black in SSBR-BR rubber matrix was observed. As a result of increased interaction of BTEAC treated carbon black with rubber, the filler - filler interaction was significantly reduced, resulting lower hysteresis energy loss of the compound as expressed by loss tangent (tanδ) value and it has been observed that an extent of around 15% reduction in tanδ value was achieved in rubber compound consisting of BTEAC treated carbon black. In this research, the carbon black was treated with different concentration of BTEAC, such as 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and the best balance of rubber properties was observed for 1% and 1.5% BTEAC treated carbon black.

Intentional replantation is done in cases of endodontic failures where conventional forms of treatment options either fail or become impossible. It involves the removal of the offended tooth, execution of extra oral apicoectomy followed by its reinsertion into the socket. The present case report discussed in this paper presentation demonstrates a scenario where a right maxillary second molar had an iatrogenic perforation in the middle third of distal root. The decision of intentional replantation was made for its repair but unfortunately, the tooth underwent fracture in the course of extraction. The procedure was still performed with a reduced distal root length. Fortunately, a favourable outcome was observed after 1 year of follow up. However, for recording the long term survival, the patient is kept on follow-up.

Color perception is a major guiding factor in the evolutionary process of human civilization, but most of the neurological background of the same are yet unknown. This work attempts to address this area with an EEG based neuro-cognitive study on response of brain to different color stimuli. With respect to a Grey baseline seven colors of the VIBGYOR were shown to 16 participants with normal color vision and corresponding EEG signals from different lobes (Frontal, Occipital & Parietal) were recorded. In an attempt to quantify the brain response while watching these colors, the corresponding EEG signals were analysed using two of the latest state of the art non-linear techniques (MFDFA and MFDXA) of dealing complex time series. MFDFA revealed that for all the participants the spectral width, and hence the complexity of the EEG signals, reaches a maximum while viewing color Blue, followed by colors Red and Green in all the brain lobes. MFDXA, on the other hand, suggests a lower degree of inter and intra lobe correlation while watching the VIBGYOR colors compared to baseline Grey, hinting towards a post processing of visual information. We hope that along with the novelty of methodologies, the unique outcomes of this study may leave a long term impact in the domain of color perception research.

Polymer insulation is an integral part of electrical equipment. For an electrical insulation system, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymer play a critical role in performance of insulation. Therefore, for reliable insulation system it is imperative to enhance and upgrade the insulating materials properties. In this context nanodielectrics materials can play a crucial role for next generation of insulating materials. Development of nanodielectrics materials with enhanced properties is a complex interplay between filler particle size, its functionalization and uniform dispersion in polymer matrix. In this paper, we report preparation of epoxy nanocomposites with silica particles having varying size and functionality. The epoxy nanocomposite composites were evaluated for their dielectric strength, dielectric dissipation and water absorption and impact properties. Our results shows improvement in dielectric and impact properties for epoxy nanocomposites with functionalized fumed silica nano-particles. Addition of colloidal silica did not show noticeable improvement in dielectric and mechanical properties. Our results for epoxy nanocomposite shows that enhancement of epoxy nanocomposite properties are function of particles size and chemical functionality of filler particles.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can be possibly be performed on endodontically treated teeth with remarkable outcomes. There is however a scarcity of adequate knowledge and data regarding the crisp association between endodontics and orthodontic treatment. This association comprises of various effects involving the pulp and periodontium that occurs as a result of orthodontic treatment. It is hence always suggested to apply adequate and appropriate amount of occasional forces that would bring about satisfactory tooth movement. This would in turn restrict pulpal damage, and also aid in its healing. Thus, proper evaluation of such endodontically treated case with a thorough clinical and radiographical assessment before orthodontic treatment is primarily important prior to orthodontic treatment. Hence, this review portrays a brief image about the various adverse effects of OTM on endodontically treated tooth. Keywords: Orthodontic tooth movement, Root resorption, Periodontium.

The Golgi apparatus (GA) in mammalian cells is pericentrosomally anchored and exhibits a stacked architecture. During infections by members of the alphavirus genus, the host cell GA is thought to give rise to distinct mobile pleomorphic vacuoles known as CPV-II (cytopathic vesicle-II) via unknown morphological steps. To dissect this, we adopted a phased electron tomography approach to image multiple overlapping volumes of a cell infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and complemented it with localization of peroxidase tagged Golgi marker. Analysis of the tomograms revealed a pattern of progressive cisternal bending into double-lamellar vesicles as a central process underpinning the biogenesis and the morphological complexity of this vacuolar system. Here we propose a model for the conversion of GA to CPV-II that reveals a unique pathway of intracellular virus envelopment. Our result has implications for alphavirus virus induced displacement of Golgi cisternae to the plasma membrane to aid viral egress operating late in the infection cycle.

During disease, cells experience various stresses that manifest as an accumulation of misfolded proteins and eventually lead to cell death. To combat this stress, cells activate a pathway called unfolded protein response that functions to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and determines cell fate. We recently reported a hitherto unknown mechanism of regulating ER stress via a novel post-translational modification called Fic-mediatedadenylylation/AMPylation. Specifically, we showed that the human Fic (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE/FicD, catalyzes the addition of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the ER chaperone, BiP, to alter the cell's unfolded protein response-mediated response to misfolded proteins. Here, we report that we have now identified a second target for HYPE-alpha-synuclein (αSyn), a presynaptic protein involved in Parkinson's disease. Aggregated αSyn has been shown to induce ER stress and elicit neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease models. We show that HYPE adenylylates αSyn and reduces phenotypes associated with αSyn aggregation invitro, suggesting a possible mechanism by which cells cope with αSyn toxicity.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. Research on SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as the closely related SARS‐CoV‐1 and MERS coronaviruses is restricted to BSL‐3 facilities. Such BSL‐3 classification makes SARS‐CoV‐2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the US; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. However, a minimal system capable of recapitulating different steps of the viral life cycle without using the virus' genetic material could increase accessibility. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS‐CoV‐2 for their ability to form virus‐like particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL‐2 studies of SARS‐CoV‐2. After establishing the minimal system requirements for VLP production, we examined their morphological relevance with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). VLPs produced with all four viral structural proteins were approximately 100 nm in diameter and bared the characteristic coronavirus crown or ‘corona’. We next sought to evaluate the entry competency of our VLPs. GFP‐tagged VLPs were generated by fluorescently tagging one of the four structural proteins used to produce VLPs. Once incorporation of the GFP‐tagged protein into VLPs was confirmed, we used these GFP‐VLPs to infect HEK293 cells. GFP‐VLPs indeed did enter HEK293 cells and properly colocalized with endocytic markers Rab5 and LAMP1 in accordance with live virus data. To further evaluate viral entry, we made the VLP entry assay accessible to TEM analysis by replacing the GFP tag with an ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2) tag, which when oxidized produces a dark brown precipitate visible on micrographs. APEX2‐VLPs were found to be entry‐competent as well. In addition to entry, APEX2‐VLPs yield the ability to visualize VLP assembly at the ER‐Golgi intermediary complex (ERGIC) and for the first time we show localization of the structural proteins during SARS‐CoV‐2 VLP assembly, budding, and egress. In total, this research provides ample resources for other BSL‐2 laboratories interested in joining the growing field to try and understand SARS‐CoV‐2 assembly, budding, and entry dynamics, biochemical and biophysical questions on the four structural proteins, and drug screening of viral assembly, budding, and/or entry inhibitors.

Mutual interactions of twin Savonius water turbines in cluster can augment the harness of water power from river stream currents without implementing additional device. For low speed water current (less than 1 m/s) applicable in perennial rivers, an efficient design of twin Savonius turbine cluster is not designed so far. The objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate the performance of two bladed cluster Savonius water turbines and perform numerical simulations using CFD to determine the configuration of an efficient cluster design. The cluster design is constructed using twin Savonius water turbines having same design features. Different configurations of the cluster are studied with respect to gap distance and phase shift between them. Detailed experimental investigations are carried out in an open flow water channel at a low water speed of 0.75 m/s by varying these two parameters to determine their optimal values for an efficient cluster design. The results show a maximum power coefficient of 0.15 at a tip speed ratio 0.3 can be obtained for the cluster if the gap distance between the twin turbines is 0.6 times the turbine diameter and phase shift between them is 30°. A maximum power coefficient of only 0.075 is obtained at the same tip speed ratio for only two bladed Savonius water turbine, which is half of that of the efficient cluster design. Further, flow physics of the individual turbines in cluster are obtained to delineate the importance of proper phase shift and gap distance to make an efficient cluster design. The present study demonstrates the potential of twin Savonius water turbine cluster design as a river-stream energy harvester for small-scale power generation in rural areas.

In Hindustani music, a small segment is the precomposed but the remains involve with a gradual systematic exploration of the raga by various forms of improvisation keeping the grammar of the raga intact. Performers are free to explore their improvisational patterns based on their experience and expertise. According to the artist’s cognitive and imaginative abilities, the quality and nature of improvisation differ among artists. One of the most important tools used in improvisation is musical ornamentation (alankar/alankaran). Extempore variations that a musical performer creates while performing within the limit of melodic pattern and the rhythmic cycle could be termed as alankar or alankaran (ornamentation). These variations in performance embellished and enhanced the beauty of the raga. Here, in this study, we are interested in finding the hidden musical patterns and structures in Indian classical music which are fundamental in unfolding the musical ornamentation of a raga. Here, we have discussed only two ornamentations, viz. meend and andolan. The study leads to identifying the style of vocal performers.

Can the sound of a vocalist be qualified by timbre? Can we identify the style of a vocalist from timbre? In this work, our objective is to identify timbre characteristics of vocal sound signals of eminent vocalists in Hindustani music, and we tried to identify the style of the artist from those timbre structures. The descriptive timbre parameters that help with identifying the style of vocalists are brightness, odd and even harmonics, irregularity among partials and spectral centroids. Beside these, shimmer, jitter and frequency per partial number were also descriptive. The study concludes that timbre is an important feature to distinguish or identify the style of a vocalist.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. Research on SARS-CoV-2, as well as the closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses, is restricted to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification makes SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the United States; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. However, a minimal system capable of recapitulating different steps of the viral life cycle without using the virus’ genetic material could increase accessibility. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form virus-like particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions. These systems should be useful to those looking to circumvent BSL-3 work with SARS-CoV-2 yet study the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters and exits human cells.

With the advent of various techniques to assess the bioelectric signals on the surface of the body, it has become possible to develop various Human–Computer interface systems. In this study, for the first time a cross-correlation based data is reported for two different types of bio-signals, viz. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG). Whereas EEG refers to the neuro-electric impulses generated in the brain recorded in the form of electric potentials, EMG records the activation potentials of the muscle cells when they contract or relax. The ability of Hindustani Music (HM) to evoke a wide range of emotional experience in its listeners is widely known. For this study, we took simultaneous EEG and EMG data of 5 participants while they listened to two Hindustani ragas of contrast emotions namely Chayanat (corresponding to happy/joy) and Darbari Kanada (corresponding to sad/pathos) emotion. We make use of two latest signal processing algorithms—Wavelet-based power spectra and cross-correlation coefficient to assess the arousal based activities in response to the acoustic clips in the two different bio-signals. For the first time, an attempt is being made to quantify and categorize musical emotions using EMG signals and an attempt to correlate that with the EEG signals obtained from the brain. The alpha, theta, and gamma frequency range in the frontal and parietal electrodes is found to be the most responsive in case of musical emotions. The EMG response has been studied by segregating the entire signal into different frequency ranges as is done in case of EEG frequency bands. Interestingly, the response in case of EMG data is strongest in the same frequency bands as that of EEG signals. Novel pitch detection algorithm has also been applied to EMG signals to ratify the rationale behind the separation of frequency bands. This is the first of its kind study which looks for categorization and quantification of musical emotions using simultaneously two different bio-signals with the help of robust mathematical analysis. The results and implications have been discussed in detail.

Group IV phospholipase A2&alpha, (cPLA2&alpha, ) regulates the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes via the formation of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. The targeting and membrane binding of cPLA2&alpha, to the Golgi involves the N-terminal C2 domain, whereas the catalytic domain produces arachidonic acid. Although most studies of cPLA2&alpha, concern its catalytic activity, it is also linked to homeostatic processes involving the generation of vesicles that traffic material from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Here we investigated how membrane curvature influences the homeostatic role of cPLA2&alpha, in vesicular trafficking. The cPLA2&alpha, C2 domain is known to induce changes in positive membrane curvature, a process which is dependent on cPLA2&alpha, membrane penetration. We showed that cPLA2&alpha, undergoes C2 domain-dependent oligomerization on membranes in vitro and in cells. We found that the association of the cPLA2&alpha, C2 domain with membranes is limited to membranes with positive curvature, and enhanced C2 domain oligomerization was observed on vesicles ~50 nm in diameter. We demonstrated that the cPLA2&alpha, C2 domain localizes to cholesterol enriched Golgi-derived vesicles independently of cPLA2&alpha, catalytic activity. Moreover, we demonstrate the C2 domain selectively localizes to lipid droplets whereas the full-length enzyme to a much lesser extent. Our results therefore provide novel insight into the molecular forces that mediate C2 domain-dependent membrane localization in vitro and in cells.

Studies have successfully elucidated the mechanism of action of several effector domains that comprise the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (MARTX) toxins of Vibrio vulnificus. However, the biochemical linkage between the cysteine proteolytic activity of Makes Caterpillars Floppy (MCF)-like effector and its cellular effects remains unknown. In this study, we identify the host cell factors that activate in vivo and in vitro MCF autoprocessing as adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) and ADP-Ribosylation Factor 3 (ARF3). Autoprocessing activity is enhanced when ARF1 is in its active [guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound] form compared to the inactive [guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound] form. Subsequent to auto-cleavage, MCF is acetylated on its exposed N-terminal glycine residue. Acetylation apparently does not dictate subcellular localization as MCF is found localized throughout the cell. However, the cleaved form of MCF gains the ability to bind to the specialized lipid phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate enriched in Golgi and other membranes necessary for endocytic trafficking, suggesting that a fraction of MCF may be subcellularly localized. Traditional thin-section electron microscopy, high-resolution cryoAPEX localization, and fluorescent microscopy show that MCF causes Golgi dispersal resulting in extensive vesiculation. In addition, host mitochondria are disrupted and fragmented. Mass spectrometry analysis found no reproducible modifications of ARF1 suggesting that ARF1 is not post-translationally modified by MCF. Further, catalytically active MCF does not stably associate with ARF1. Our data indicate not only that ARF1 is a cross-kingdom activator of MCF, but also that MCF may mediate cytotoxicity by directly targeting another yet to be identified protein. This study begins to elucidate the biochemical activity of this important domain and gives insight into how it may promote disease progression.

Indian classical music is entirely based on the “Raga” structures. In Indian classical music, a “Gharana” or school refers to the adherence of a group of musicians to a particular musical style of performing a raga. The objective of this work was to find out if any characteristic acoustic cues exist which discriminates a particular gharana from the other. Another intriguing fact is if the artists of the same gharana keep their singing style unchanged over generations or evolution of music takes place like everything else in nature. In this work, we chose to study the similarities and differences in singing style of some artists from at least four consecutive generations representing four different gharanas using robust non-linear methods. For this, alap parts of a particular raga sung by all the artists were analyzed with the help of non linear multifractal analysis (MFDFA and MFDXA) technique. The spectral width obtained from the MFDFA method gives an estimate of the complexity of the signal whereas the cross correlation coefficient obtained from the MFDXA technique gives the degree of correlation between two nonlinear time series. The observations give a cue in the direction to the scientific recognition of “Guru-Shisya Parampara” (teacher-student tradition)—a hitherto much-heard philosophical term. Moreover the variation in the complexity patterns among various gharanas will give a hint of the characteristic feature of that particular gharana as well as the effect of globalization in the field of classical music happening through past few decades.

Background: The presence of pathogenic bacteria, toxins and byproducts in the root canal system show a decisive part in success of endodontic therapy. Thus, the complete removal of this bacterium is highly desirable. Several intracanal medicaments were tried to disinfect the root canal before obturation. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare Pomegranate, sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, Myrrh (Commiphora molmol), tulsi extract against Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococci epidermidis. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional observational prospective study. Materials and Methodology: Aqueous extract of 20% pomegranate peel, 20% pomegranate peel, 0.2% CHX, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Tulsi extract and Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) was used as agent against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and Staphylococci Epidermidis. Zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated and compared using analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test. The information was statistically evaluated with SPSS software version 20 with P < 0.05. Results and conclusion: The mean zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum and S. Epidermidis was highest in chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite groups compared to herbal groups. MIC was least with group III followed by group II against all bacterial species (P < 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite found comparatively better followed by chlorhexidine and other agents against E. faecalis, F nucleatum and S. epidermidis.

In the last few decades, nonlinear science and chaos theory has provided several robust non-deterministic tools by means of which the complexity of a nonlinear audio waveform can be measured precisely. On the other hand, sound signal analysis in linear deterministic approach has reached a new dimension where a number of well equipped software have been developed which can minutely measure and control the basic parameters of sound like pitch, intensity, tempo etc. The main objective of the present work is to quantitatively study the changes in acoustic signal complexity (measured using chaos based fractal technique) with individual variation in pitch, loudness and timbre of a sound signal. EEG (Electroencephalography) was also performed on 10 participants to see how the neuro-cognitive attributes of a sound change, i.e. when these basic components — pitch, loudness and timbre of the sound vary, one at a time. Single strokes of a piano were recorded where pitch and loudness of the sound signals were varied one at a time keeping the other parameters fixed. Then the sounds of 14 different musical instruments playing the same pitch at same loudness were recorded, which effectively served the purpose of timbre variation. EEG experiment was conducted with these audio signals as stimuli for the participants. The multifractal spectral widths were calculated for all the music signals as well as the corresponding EEG signals using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) and compared with each other. The results point towards the direction of a correlation between the conventional linear parameters and the latest nonlinear features in the acoustic domain, while the changes in the multifractal values of the different EEG waves reveal new information about the cognition of the basic features of sound in human brain. This study is a novel attempt to provide new data in engulfing apparent objective (acoustics) - subjective (EEG) connection, which is highly needed for building any model for perception–cognition connectivity.

MFDFA (the most rigorous technique to assess multifractality) was performed on four Hindustani music samples played on same ‘ raga ’ sung by the same performer. Each music sample was divided into six parts and ‘multifractal spectral width’ was determined for each part corresponding to the four samples. The results obtained reveal that different parts of all the four sound signals possess spectral width of widely varying values. This gives a cue of the so called ‘musical improvisation’ in all music samples, keeping in mind they belong to the bandish part of the same raga . Formal compositions in Hindustani raga are juxtaposed with the improvised portions, where an artist manoeuvers his/her own creativity to bring out a mood that is specific for that particular performance, which is known as ‘improvisation’. Further, this observation hints at the association of different emotions even in the same bandish of the same raga performed by the same artist, this interesting observation cannot be revealed unless rigorous non-linear technique explores the nature of musical structure. In the second part, we applied MFDXA technique to explore more in-depth about ‘improvisation’ and association with emotion. This technique is applied to find the degree of cross-correlation ( γ x ) between the different parts of the samples. Pronounced correlation has been observed in the middle parts of the all the four samples evident from higher values of γ x ​whereas the other parts show weak correlation. This gets further support from the values of spectral width from different parts of the sample — width of those parts is significantly different from other parts. This observation is extremely new both in respect of musical structure of so called improvisation and associated emotion. The importance of this study in application area of cognitive music therapy is immense.

The relationship between color and music as part of the complex system consisting of visual and auditory domain has been investigated in this study. As both the stimulus forms are processed in the same part of the human body, i.e., the brain, it will be really interesting to examine whether they share a similarity in perception. Needless to say that color and music both have strong impact on emotion and feelings & also a few studies have been reported in literature to explore causal relationship between color and emotion. This work reports a neuro-cognitive study on response of brain to two different stimulus and their cross-modal associations. In this study the correlation between emotional arousal and the effect of audio and visual stimuli has been studied from a new perspective. 93 participants were asked to hear 6 different music pieces (each of 30 s duration). The type of emotion elicited by different music pieces were identified by the participants from a given collection of possible emotional responses. Then they are asked to assign a color associating the emotion from a given color wheel (structured according to Munsell color system/RGB color space). Each color, associated with a particular music piece, is a mixture of specific Red, Green and Blue values (RGB triplet) and has a specific HEX number (hexadecimal representation), which is recorded for each response. Then, the musical pieces used were further zoomed with the help of fractal technique to identify different emotions related to music in a quantitative approach. Here, to analyze the complexity of the sound signal (which are non-stationary and scale varying in nature), we have used Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), which is capable of determining multifractal scaling behavior of non-stationary time series. From the experimental data, it is seen that the visual and emotional response to the auditory stimulus follows a specific trend which is directly related to the stimulus complexity.

During disease, cells experience various stresses that manifest as an accumulation of misfolded proteins and eventually lead to cell death. To combat this stress, cells activate a pathway called UPR (Unfolded Protein Response) that functions to maintain ER (endoplasmic reticulum) homeostasis and determines cell fate. We recently reported a hitherto unknown mechanism of regulating ER stress via a novel post-translational modification (PTM) called Fic-mediated Adenylylation/AMPylation. Specifically, we showed that the human Fic (filamentation induced by cAMP) protein, HYPE/FicD, catalyzes the addition of an AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to the ER chaperone, BiP, to alter the cell’s UPR-mediated response to misfolded proteins. Here, we report that we have now identified a second target for HYPE - alpha-Synuclein (αSyn), a presynaptic protein involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Aggregated αSyn has been shown to induce ER stress and elicit neurotoxicity in PD models. We show that HYPE adenylylates αSyn and reduces phenotypes associated with αSyn aggregation in vitro, suggesting a possible mechanism by which cells cope with αSyn toxicity.HIGHLIGHTSAggregated forms of the presynaptic protein αSyn cause neurotoxicity and induce ER stress in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease.We have identified αSyn as a novel target for the human Fic protein, HYPE, a key regulator of ER homeostasis.HYPE adenylylates αSyn and reduces the aggregation of recombinant αSynFic-mediated adenylylation/AMPylation is a possible mechanism by which cells cope with αSyn toxicity.Graphic Abstract