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An intelligent transport system (ITS) is fully valuable only if it can dynamically and aptly integrate all the latest cutting‐edge technologies. An ITS focuses on providing services like promptly offering real‐time road traffic information to interested parties, finding ways to reduce the average waiting time and offer secure and reliable services for commuters using past statistics. Short‐term traffic prediction is one such area in which the research community has focused in the past decade. Existing models developed for prediction has scope to improve in terms of accuracy and training time. There is a necessity to develop a best‐performing model that is computationally affluent to train with the optimal hyperparameter configuration as input which leads to improved performance. This article proposes a model that captures the traffic flow trend present in the past data to predict the flow for a future time interval. This model is an amalgamation of seasonal global trend (SGT) model and long short‐term memory (LSTM) model with attention mechanism. A novel hyperparameter tuning algorithm is also proposed which is based on multi‐armed bandit strategy with context, incorporating the right trade‐off between exploitation and exploration of the hyperparameter space using successive halving. Experimental results conducted proves that our forecast model in combination with the proposed hyperparameter tuning algorithm outperforms the existing models like SGT, LSTM models in terms of accuracy and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: There is limited data available on atherectomy usage in hospitals or centers without on-site surgical backup. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to gain further knowledge by analyzing the in-hospital and 30-day outcomes of complex PCI patients (including diabetics) treated with coronary orbital atherectomy (OA) at centers without on-site surgical back-up.Methods/materials: All comers treated with OA at two centers without on-site surgical backup were included. Baseline, procedure, and outcome data were compared in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The impact of transfemoral (TFA) versus transradial (TRA) vascular access was also assessed.Results: Of the 221 patients treated with OA, 43% were diabetics. The diabetes and no-diabetes groups had similar baseline demographic and lesion characteristics, except for the higher rate of chronic kidney disease seen in the diabetics. Overall, there was a high freedom from major adverse cardiac events (MACE; in-hospital: 99.5%; 30-day: 98.6%), as well as a high success in stent delivery (99.5%) and procedural success (97.3%). The rate of angiographic complications was low in both the diabetes and no-diabetes groups (3.1% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.450). TFA and TRA were used in 36% and 64% of the patients, respectively-resulting in low angiographic complications in both groups (3.8% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.263).Conclusions: Despite the complexity of patient co-morbidities and the presence of heavily calcified lesions, the results indicate that coronary OA can be used safely and effectively without on-site surgical back-up. OA treatment resulted in a high rate of successful stent delivery and procedural success, as well as low rates of angiographic complications and MACE, in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, regardless of access site.Table Of Contents Summary: There is limited data available on atherectomy usage in centers without on-site surgical backup. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to gain further knowledge by analyzing the outcomes of complex PCI patients (including diabetics) treated with coronary orbital atherectomy (OA) at centers without on-site surgical back-up. The impact of transfemoral (TFA) versus transradial (TRA) vascular access was also assessed. Despite the complexity of patient co-morbidities and the presence of heavily calcified lesions, the results indicate that coronary OA can be used safely and effectively without on-site surgical back-up. OA treatment resulted in a high rate of successful stent delivery and procedural success, as well as low rates of angiographic complications and major adverse cardiac events, in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, regardless of access site (TFA or TRA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), nicknamed "Jelly Belly", is a very rare disease characterized by presence of jelly like fluid called mucin in the abdominal cavity. The natural history of PMP revolves around the "redistribution phenomenon", whereby mucinous tumor cells accumulate at specific sites with relative sparing of the motile small bowel and to a lesser extent other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper reports a case of an elderly woman, who was diagnosed with pseudomyxoma peritonei, who underwent surgery for the same and intraoperatively she was suspected to have primary arising from the ovary, postoperatively the histopathology report said that the primary was identified to be arising from the appendix. This also shines light on how cytoreductive and debulking surgery play a major role in prolonging the life span in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:Curcuma amada Roxb. (Mango ginger) was evaluated for anti-obesity, anti-amnesic and neuroprotection using high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS)-induced obesity and cognitive impairment in rats. Methods: Animals were exposed to HFHS diet to evaluate lipid parameters and subjected to Y maze test and Pole climbing test to evaluate the memory. In addition, oxidative stress parameters, acetyl cholinesterase activity (AChE), neurochemicals and histopathology were assessed in the brain. Results: HFHS diet led to increased body weight and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], triglycerides [TG]) but not high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Elevated serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), oxidative biomarker, decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reduced percentage of spontaneous alternation behaviour (% SAB in Y-maze test) as well as reduced serotonin and dopamine levels and neurodegeneration were observed in HFHS diet-fed rats. Curcuma amada (CAAE1, 100 mg/kg and CAAE2, 300 mg/kg) treatment to HFHS diet-fed rats (21 days after HFHS diet feeding alone) showed dose-dependent activity and ameliorated the HFHS diet-induced alterations in lipid parameters related to obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, oxidative stress, neurochemicals and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, 300 mg/kg of C. amada (CAAE2) augmented the memory by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; it also ameliorated the effect of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol and mitigated the effect of malondialdehyde (MDA). CAAE2 also controlled the level of dopamine and serotonin and reduced the neurodegeneration in the hippocampus CA1 region. Discussion: The results of the present study indicated that treatment with C. amada 300 mg/kg (CAAE2) attenuated the HFHS diet-induced obesity, memory loss, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. These study results indicated that the administration of C. amada offers a potential treatment option for obesity and memory loss, and it requires further preclinical and clinical evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 30% of all female 'groin' hernias are femoral hernias, although often only diagnosed during surgery. A Lichtenstein repair though, as preferred treatment modality according to guidelines, would not diagnose and treat femoral hernias. For women, the lifetime risk of inguinal hernias is 3%. There are two methods of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair - the transabdominal preperitoneal approach (TAPP) and the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach. The laparoscopic approach proves to be a more efficient way to evaluate for femoral and obturator hernias compared to the Lichtenstein repair. It is especially important to evaluate the femoral space endoscopically in women given the increased incidence of femoral hernias in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite resins represent a class of material widely used in restorative dentistry, not only for anterior aesthetics but also as the first choice to restore posterior teeth. However the key limitation in the use of composite resins as a restorative material is related to shrinkage during polymerization which leads to poor marginal seal,marginal staining, restoration displacement, tooth fracture and recurring caries [1]. Polymerization shrinkage may affect negatively the clinical outcome of the restoration. Hence the present study evaluates the Polymerization shrinkage of 2 different posterior composites; Filtek Z350(3M)and everX Posterior(GC), using a pycnometer. Independent Sample T-Test was used to determine statistically significant difference in volumetric shrinkage among the tested composite resins. everX Posterior showed comparatively less shrinkage than Filtek Z350; which can be attributed to the presence of silanated e-glass fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheologically complex materials are described by function-valued properties with dependence on a timescale (linear viscoelasticity), input amplitude (nonlinear material behavior), or more generally both (nonlinear viscoelasticity). This complexity presents a difficulty when trying to utilize these material systems in engineering designs. Here, we focus on linear viscoelasticity and a methodology to identify the desired viscoelastic behavior. This is an early-stage design step to optimize target (function-valued) properties before choosing or synthesizing a real material. In linear viscoelasticity, it is not obvious which properties can be treated as independent design variables. Thus, it is nontrivial to select the most design-appropriate constitutive model, to be as general as possible, but not violate fundamental restrictions. We use the Kramers-Kronig constraint to show that frequency-dependent moduli (e.g., shear moduli G′(ω) and G″(ω)) cannot be treated as two independent design variables. Rather, a single function such as the relaxation modulus (e.g., K(t) for force-relaxation or G(t) for stress relaxation) is an appropriate function-valued design variable. A simple case study is used to demonstrate the framework in which we identify target properties for a vibration isolation system. Viscoelasticity improves performance. Different parameterizations of the kernel function are optimized and compared for performance. While parameterization may limit the generality of the kernel function, we do include a nonobvious representation (power law) that is found in real viscoelastic material systems and in the spring-dashpot paradigm would require an infinite number of components. Our methodology provides a means to answer the question, "What viscoelastic properties are desirable?" This ability to identify targeted behavior will be useful for subsequent stages of the design process including the selection or synthesis of real materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Intraosseous Paraganglioma (PGL) of sacrum is highly uncommon. Few of the spinal PGL reported were mostly intradural mass. Paraganglionic tissue is usually not present in the bone. So far, only seven cases of primary intraosseous sacral PGL have been reported in the literature. There are no dependable prognostic histological features to differentiate benign from malignant PGL. The only unequivocal criterion for malignancy is metastasis to an organ where paraganglionic tissue is normally not present. However, an aggressive nature can be identified histologically by loss of architecture, decreased or absent sustentacular cells and Ki-67 index of >3%. We report a case of an elderly male who was admitted with complaints of swelling in the lower back with associated radiating pain and difficulty in sitting of two months duration. A diagnosis of sacral chordoma was made on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). No other mass was detected elsewhere in his body. The patient underwent surgical excision followed by radiotherapy. On histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of locally aggressive primary intraosseous PGL of sacrum was rendered. Hence, when evaluating a lytic sacral mass, PGL has to be considered as a differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tongue cancer is the most common intra-oral malignancy with a high rate of morbidity and mortality owing to its increased propensity for tumor invasion and metastasis. These processes require a controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are known to be important regulators of matrix lysis and play a significant role in the metastasis of malignancies. Aim and objectives To study the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and find the association between their expression and local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates of the subjects. Materials and methods Fifty-nine tumor biopsy samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 stages were immunostained with MMP-2 and MMP-9 antibodies. The immunohistochemical expression was compared with the patient characteristics and outcome. Results Cytoplasmic expression of MMP-2 correlated with that of MMP-9 ( r = 0.716, P < 0.001). Greater expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in patients who subsequently developed local recurrence ( P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively), regional and/or distant metastasis ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) of the tumor. Further, a higher expression of these biomarkers was associated with shorter survival. MMP-9 was found to have better specificity for local recurrence, metastasis and survival. Conclusion Our results showed that these biomarkers may serve as indicators of a patient's risk potential for poor prognosis and presage the need for more aggressive treatment measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the importance of good dental care becomes increasingly paramount in a globally connected society, it is imperative that thedental curriculum keep up pace with it. This means that the large numbers of Indian dental graduates who pass out every year are the sync with latest in the dental world. Hence this study aims to compare the dental curriculum of the traditional Indian BDS undergraduate program with those of the developed countries (restricted to American and British universities). It goes onto highlight the strengths of each curriculums studied. Additionally it identifies specific features of other curriculums which could be incorporated into the Indian dental curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours is a rare histological entity, and the occurrence of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in the skull base is even more unusual. We report a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with reduced hearing in the left ear, giddiness and left-sided facial weakness of short duration. He was a known hypertensive. On examination, left-sided 7th to 12th cranial nerve palsies were noted. Computed tomography (CT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reported as an ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing mass left skull base suggestive of chondrosarcoma. Left tympanotomy and biopsy of the lesion were carried out. On light microscopy and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy, a diagnosis of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour was established. The patient underwent left extended modified radical mastoidectomy and selective neck dissection. Histopathological study of the resected surgical specimen confirmed left-sided extensive tumour involvement of skull base structures, as well as neck nodal metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims of the study were to evaluate the expression Cytokeratin 5/6(CK5/6) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) among triple negative breast cancers and high grade infiltrating duct carcinomas. Further to probe if triple negative phenotype can be a surrogate marker for basal phenotype and to correlate the expression of basal markers with disease free survivals among triple negative phenotype and high grade infiltrating duct carcinomas. Methods: Expression of CK5/6 and EGFR were studied by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 31 triple negative and 19 non-triple negative high grade breast carcinomas. Results: 21 of the 31 triple negative phenotype (67.7%) breast carcinomas and 7 out of 19 non-triple negative (36.8%) breast carcinomas showed expression of basal markers (CK5/6 and/or over-expression of EGFR). There were statistically significant associations of all the basal-like tumors with negative hormonal status. The basal markers positive phenotype subjects had a shorter disease free interval as compared to basal markers negative phenotype subjects. Conclusion: Basal-like breast carcinomas constitute a unique clinical and pathological entity, characterized by high tumor grade and a propensity for lack of ER, PR and HER2 expression. Basal phenotypes have a more aggressive course than non-basal phenotype. "Triple negative" status cannot be used as a surrogate for "basal marker expression". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Present study was designed for carrying out the mutational analysis of the entire Androgen receptor (AR) gene including two microsatellite (CAG)n, (GGN)n, promoter region in cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) and primary amenorrhea (PA). Design. Previous reports of AR knockout mice model showed POF phenotype, this draws an attention on the role of AR gene in the aetiology of POF for the case-control association studies in POF samples (n=133), PA samples (n=63) and control samples (n=200). Results. We identified six mutations including four novel mutations, i.e. c.636G>A, c.1885+9C>A, c.1948A>G, c.1972C>A, and two previously reported mutations, i.e. c.639G>A, c.2319-78T>G. Repeat length variation was noted in the two microsatellite regions CAG and GGN, located in the coding region of exon 1 at the N-terminal region of the AR gene. The CAG repeat length was homogenously distributed with the same frequency and no association among all cases and controls. The GGN repeat showed a significant association among the SS and SL allele with p=0.0231 and p=0.0476, respectively, among the POF/control samples. Conclusions. Thus, AR gene mutations may play a role in the genetic cause of POF. Identification of the underlying genetic alteration of the AR gene is important for a proper diagnosis of POF subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is unexplained amenorrhoea (>6 months), increased FSH (1.20 IU/L) and LH occurring before 40 years. Several genes are reported as having significance in POF, including genes governing regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary--ovarian axis, but their role in ovarian physiology is not known. Deletions or translocations in Xq arm have been found to be associated with POF, assuming presence of ovarian-related genes but ovary-related function of these genes is unclear. Several researchers have suggested specific loci on Xq critical region, POF1 and POF2 and genes DIA, FMR1 and FMR2. The understanding of ovarian physiology, its regulation and genes involved is important to explain the causes of POF. Some genes coordinate development of germ cell to primordial stage, e.g. GDF9, BMP15 and NGF, while others regulate development of further stages, such as FSH and LH. Mutation in these genes may lead to female infertility and are likely to be candidate genes for POF. Recently, association between blepharophimosis--ptosis--epicanthus inversus syndrome type 1 and POF has emerged as a possibility. Galactosaemia is also shown to be important in POF due to toxic effects of accumulated galactose or downstream products. Thus, understanding the role of several genes can be used for the appropriate genetic diagnosis, research and in the clinical practice of POF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male DNA of recognized fetal origin can be detected in the maternal circulation many years after delivery. It is referred to as fetal microchimerism, and is thus a possible explanation for the existence of low-level Y chromosome mosaicisms. Employing the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, Y-specific markers were investigated in 13 cases with abnormal sex chromosome and 31 normal women. Sex-determining region Y (SRY) sequences were detected in normal women with a male child, which reflects the existence of fetal progenitor cells in the maternal circulation. This was completely absent in normal women with a female child. Individuals with the Y chromosome showed amplification for Y-specific markers. Microchimerism of Y was noted in Turner phenotype cytogenetically investigated with marker chromosome, and in an individual with XX karyotype. False positive amplifications are possible in nested PCR reactions, but the same could also be true for routine PCR. However, in the absence of any identifiable factor that could contribute to the recurrence of spurious PCR amplifications, cases of therapeutic importance must be tested at least five times. In such situations, DNA from an additional tissue should also be used for nested PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA-G is a nonclassical histocompatibility complex member associated with fetal tolerance of the mother observed during pregnancy. Despite its being a less polymorphic gene, a number of studies have evaluated the role of HLA-G gene polymorphisms on the risk of pregnancy-related complications. A 14-bp deletion polymorphism in exon 8 (3'UTR) was known to influence the levels of soluble HLA-G, differential splicing of the transcript, and also the induction of interleukin-10 secretion.The present study is aimed at evaluating the variations in exon 2 and exon 8 of the HLA-G gene for the risk of recurrent miscarriages in South Indian women.A total of 169 cases and 92 controls are included in the study. Six novel polymorphisms were identified, 2 of which are in intron 2 near the exon-intron junction and 4 of which are present downstream to the 14-bp deletion in 3'UTR.The exon 2 and intron polymorphisms failed to show any association. The T1570C and C1594A polymorphisms showed a significant association (P = .002 and .021) with the risk of miscarriage after categorization based on the 14-bp deletion. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the T allele of T1570C is in linkage disequilibrium with the 14-bp deletion in cases but not in controls. In silico RNA folding studies indicate that the T allele forms a more stable secondary structure than the C allele, giving rise to a more stable transcript.The authors demonstrate a significant relation between the two 3'UTR polymorphisms and recurrent miscarriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent reports suggest the relevance of gene polymorphisms in predicting reproductive outcome. The present study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the 5' UTR polymorphism of CYPI 7, a tetranueleotide repeat and a trinucleotide deletion polymorphism in CYPIg. A case--control-based study approach was used, which included 143 cases and 88 controls from the South Indian population. A PCR-sequencing based genotyping was used to ascertain the status of the individual. The AI, A2 allele frequencies of CYPI7 among the cases were 72 and 28% while among the controls were 68 and 32% respectively (OR 1.21,95% CI: 0.63-2.32). The 7/7 repeat of CYPI9 was the predominant one with a distribution frequency of 55% in the cases and 58% in the controls. The deletion was observed in 39% of the cases and 36% of the controls (OR I. 14, 95% CI: 0.62-2.10). Minor genotypes when taken together represented at a higher frequency in cases than those in controls (13 against 2%, P-value: 0.006). No statistically significant association exists between the CYPI7 and CYPI9 trinucleotide deletion polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic recurrent miscarriages among women from South India. However, larger repeat numbers of the tetra nucleotide (except the common 7/11 genotype) showed significant association at 95% level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an unexplained amenorrhoea (>6 months) with raised levels of gonadotropins (FSH>40 U/L) occurring before the age of 40 years. Recent studies have elucidated the role of oocyte derived growth factors (BMP15 and GDF9) in maintenance of folliculogenesis, granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and overall fertility. Our recently published work showed presence of two rare missense variants in the GDF9 gene associated with ovarian failure (Dixit et al. , Menopause 12:749–754). The present case-control study has been structured to establish the role of BMP15 germline status associated with ovarian failure. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the BMP15 gene was carried out in a cohort of women with POF ( n=133), primary amenorrhoea ( n=60), and secondary amenorrhoea ( n=9) compared with control females ( n=197). This study revealed a total of 18 germline variants in the coding region of BMP15 gene, including 16 novel variants. These novel variants include one intronic variant, one 3’ flanking variant, one silent variant, and 13 missense variants. Eleven missense variants were present only in cases with complete absence in the control females. The remaining two missense variants viz. c.308A>G (p.Asn103Ser) and c.788_789insTCT (p.Leu263_Arg264insLeu) were present both in the cases and in the controls. The c.788_789insTCT variant was significantly higher in primary amenorrhoea cases than in the controls (Fisher’s exact test, P=0.034). Three frequent variants c.-9C>G, c.308A>G, and c.852C>T were chosen for haplotyping. The haplotype G-G-C was found to be significantly associated with ovarian failure ( P=0.0075). In a nutshell, the BMP15 gene is highly associated with etiology of ovarian failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Studies on the relation between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity in implantation and maintenance of pregnancy highlights the importance of eNOS gene polymorphisms in recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL). We investigated the relationship between idiopathic REPL and polymorphisms in eNOS among South Indian women. Methods: A case-control study comprising 145 females with REPL and 99 control females. The polymorphisms studied include a 27 bp intron 4 repeat, Glu298Asp variation of exon 7 and a novel 140 A→G polymorphism in intron 6. A polymerase chain reaction-based di-deoxy dye terminator sequencing method was used for genotyping. Results: A novel A→G polymorphism was identified in intron 6. The more frequent b allele of intron 4 repeat was present at a frequency of 0.84 in cases as compared to 0.86 in controls (O.R 1.17); the G allele of exon 7 coding for the wild-type glutamate containing isoform was present at a frequency of 0.79 in cases and 0.83 in controls (O.R 1.30, CI 0.6–2.8). The intron 6 variant A allele was present at a frequency of 0.58 in cases and 0.45 in controls (O.R 0.59, CI 0.33–1.08). Overall, the polymorphism in intron 6, in homozygous condition, exhibited a significant association to the risk of REPL (O.R 0.43, CI 0.21–0.89), P: 0.021). Conclusions: The present study identifies and validates a novel polymorphism in the eNOS gene which was found associated with the risk of REPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities and the frequency of a particular type of aberration in couples of South Indian origin with recurrent miscarriages. A total of 160 couples with recurrent miscarriages were analyzed using Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) wherever necessary. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 18 individuals representing 11.25% of the samples analyzed. Present study describes majority of the cases with chromosome inversions found to be common among the referred couples. Among the abnormal karyotypes, we report for the first time an unique case of chromosome insertion in a woman with the karyotype 46,XX,ins(12;6)(q24.2;q23q25) associated with recurrent miscarriages. The overall incidence of abnormalities and the predominance of chromosome inversions indicates to physicians that routine chromosome analysis of infertile couples of South Indian origin should be essentially considered before the planning of Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and also the priorities for cytogenetic screening in individual cases should be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature ovarian failure (POF) may be idiopathic or may be associated with genetic or autoimmune disorders. It is well known that chromosomal defects can impair ovarian development and its function. It is estimated that X-chromosome abnormalities occur in 10–25% of women with abnormal ovarian function. Of these, the common chromosome defects reported are either true Turner's karyotype or its variants. We describe a novel X-chromosome aberration in a woman with primary amenorrhea. Cytogenetic and florescencein situhybridization analysis revealed a short-arm deletion of X-chromosome as a Turner's variant[mos,45,XO/46,Xdel(X)(p11.1–p22.3)]. This interesting and rare case with unique X-chromosome defect reveals an additional mechanism for the cause of POF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of genomic technologies has led to unraveling of the complex genetic landscape of disorders of epilepsy, gaining insights into their underlying disease mechanisms, aiding precision medicine, and providing informed genetic counseling. We herein present the phenotypic and genotypic insights from 142 Indian families with epilepsy with or without comorbidities. Based on the electroclinical findings, epilepsy syndrome diagnosis could be made in 44% (63/142) of the families adopting the latest proposal for the classification by the ILAE task force (2022). Of these, 95% (60/63) of the families exhibited syndromes with developmental epileptic encephalopathy or progressive neurological deterioration. A definitive molecular diagnosis was achieved in 74 of 142 (52%) families. Infantile‐onset epilepsy was noted in 81% of these families (61/74). Fifty‐five monogenic, four chromosomal, and one imprinting disorder were identified in 74 families. The genetic variants included 65 (96%) single‐nucleotide variants/small insertion‐deletions, 1 (2%) copy‐number variant, and 1 (2%) triplet‐repeat expansion in 53 epilepsy‐associated genes causing monogenic disorders. Of these, 35 (52%) variants were novel. Therapeutic implications were noted in 51% of families (38/74) with definitive diagnosis. Forty‐one out of 66 families with monogenic disorders exhibited autosomal recessive and inherited autosomal dominant disorders with high risk of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to explore efficient lead molecules to combat against COVID-19. Despite the extensive usage of repurposed medications for COVID-19 therapy due to their inadequacy to proper control of endangered pandemic, there is an urgent need to discover innovative compounds that are very effective against the COVID-19 pandemic. Newly synthesized coumarin-chalcone hybrids were assessed for their efficacy to inhibit main protease 6LU7(Mpro) and compared it with some repurposing COVID-19 drug activity through in silico technique. Among all synthesized hybrids, d11, a11, c12, b11 and c5, showed highest binding affinities with the least docking score against protease (PDB ID: 6LU7) protein comparable to repurposed drugs currently used against COVID-19. The selected hybrids having coumarin, chalcone, and dihydropyridine pharmacophores are promising for their anti-COVID-19 activity. However, further extensive research is required through suitable in vitro and in vivo methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the influence of lamin proteolysis in facilitating nuclear events during apoptosis. Stimulation of cell proliferation and p53-dependent apoptosis; Expression of the adenovirus E1A oncogene; Factors influencing cell death; Inhibition of the activity of Bax; Suppression of apoptosis.

Expression of the E1B 19K protein is required to inhibit apoptosis induced by E1A during adenovirus infection and transformation. E1B 19K is homologous to Bcl-2 in function and the two proteins also share limited amino acid sequence homology. Consequently, the E1B 19K and Bcl-2 proteins bind to and inhibit the cellular death-inducing proteins Bax, Bak and Nbk/Bik. Both E1B 19K and Bcl-2 localize to membranes of the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition to membrane association, and unlike Bcl-2, the E1B 19K protein is found associated with intermediate filament proteins in the cytoplasm and the nuclear lamina and copurifies with the lamins both during infection and transformation. While a membrane targeting domain at the C-terminus of Bcl-2 ensures its proper localization, the mechanism by which the E1B 19K protein localizes is unknown. Not surprisingly, lamin A fragments were cloned from a yeast two-hybrid screen for E1B 19K-interacting proteins. The interaction was demonstrated in yeast and mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro and was unique and specific to E1B 19K, with no interaction evident between Bcl-2 and lamin A. Mutants of lamin A/C which localized inappropriately in the cytoplasm or nucleus but retained E1B 19K binding, interfered with the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic membrane targeting of the E1B 19K protein. Improper localization impaired the ability of the E1B 19K protein to inhibit apoptosis. Thus, proper localization of the E1B 19K protein is required for its function and the interaction of the E1B 19K protein with lamin A/C may represent a means for nuclear envelope localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign epithelioid peripheral nerve sheath tumor, a rare entity is an umbrella term describing benign, neural origin tumors with epithelioid morphology. Clinically indistinguishable from other benign cutaneous lesions, histopathology offers the only source of accurate diagnosis. Morphologic mimics include many benign and malignant soft tissue lesions. Besides a predominant epithelioid component, the lesion can also show a fair share of spindle cells. A circumscribed nodular tumour of low mitotic activity, it often exhibits areas resembling schwannoma or neurofibroma. An awareness of this entity and its varied morphological aspects helps to arrive at the correct diagnosis and hence avoid unnecessary extensive surgical procedures. This case presents features of this benign tumor which occurred in a 47 years old man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive angiomyxomas are uncommon mesenchymal tumours which most often arise in the perineal and the pelvic regions in women. Extragenital aggressive angiomyxonas are extremely rare. We are reporting a young male with an aggressive angiomyxoma which involved the axillary region and extended into the anterior chest wall, which demonstrated its characteristic histomorphological features. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A careful histological examination, along with immunohistochemistry, aids in diagnosing this lesion and differentiating it from tumours which have similar histologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adamantinoid trichoblastoma is a rare adnexal tumor which clinically masquerades as various benign and malignant lesions. Less than 50 cases have been documented so far. In this report we discuss the clinicopathological features of this rare and fascinating tumor with a brief review of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of retroperitoneal intra-abdominal primary monophasic synovial sarcoma (SS) with hemangiopericytomatous (HPC) pattern in a 25-year-old male arising from the triangular ligament on the superior surface of liver encasing the inferior vena cava (IVC) and masquerading as a hepatic tumor. A large heterogeneously enhancing, well defined, lobulated, exophytic lesion was seen involving segment VIII of the liver with foci of calcification in the periphery. A biopsy, followed by total resection of the tumor, showed a spindle cell sarcoma with HPC pattern, which was consistent with monophasic SS on histology and immunohistochemistry. The unusual clinical presentation, radiology, pathology, and differential diagnosis will be discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaposi sarcoma is angioproliferative malignancy affecting skin and internal organs. This is common in advanced stages of HIV infection. Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV negative patients is rare with indolent course, varying from small cutaneous lesion to wide spread lesion involving internal organs. The current article is a case report and review literature of Kaposi sarcoma. A 21 year old male presented to OPD with a 5 month old chronic wound involving left foot and ankle with a tendency to bleed. Biopsy revealed Kaposi sarcoma and serology negative for HIV. Patient was treated with below knee amputation and one and half year followup showed no recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHLs) which are associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are heterogeneous. Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) was first recognized as an aggressive, invariably fatal subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma which occurred mostly in patients with AIDS, with distinct histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings, which affected the jaw and the oral mucosa exclusively. Subsequently, there have been case reports which have described extra-oral plasmablastic lymphomas in the lung, jejunum, caecum, nasal mucosa, etc. We are reporting a case of this rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma which presented as a soft tissue mass, which we believe is the first case to be diagnosed by FNAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical images of cytospin smears showing a variety of decoy cells, and type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4 inclusions; pertaining to two patients of 50 years and 49 years, presented with worsening renal function at 4 months and 10½ months respectively, following renal transplant, are presented.

Abstract Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an orally active, use-dependent voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor and is a potent, economical, and widely used anticonvulsant agent. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the combined treatment of naringin (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) and phenytoin on prevention of seizure attacks, development of kindling, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and neurochemicals in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus, and morphological changes in the hippocampus. Treatment with the high dose of naringin (80 mg/kg) along with phenytoin has shown to offer protection against seizures, development of kindling, and cognition enhancement through Y-maze test and improved % conditioned avoidance response (% CAR) through pole climbing test in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model. It has also been shown to improve neurochemical balance by elevating levels of Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and dopamine, decreasing levels of glutamate, oxidative biomarker (malondialdehyde (MDA)), and increasing levels of antioxidants (glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total thiol and offered neuroprotection in the hippocampus. So, coadministration of naringin with phenytoin offers a potential treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy and associated comorbidities. Interpretable research on flavonoids will support the clinical evidence for the recommendation of flavonoids as supplements with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for curtailing pharmacoresistant epilepsy and AED-associated comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]