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Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the key causes of high death rate globally. We report the cardio protective effect of an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation Partharishtam on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction on albino rats. Administration of Isoproterenol to normal albino rat triggers MI evident from the significant changes in key biomolecules tested in blood serum and cardiac tissues. The cardio protective role of Partharishtam was compared with a standard medicine, Propranolol on some of the known identifying markers of MI such as, Troponin I and T, creatine phosphokinase serum (CPK-S), creatine phosphokinase myoglobulin isozyme fraction (CPK-MB) and oxidative enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase. There was an appreciable decrease in the levels of Troponin 1 and T, CPK-S and CPK-MB after the treatment of Partharishtam on Isoproterenol induced MI rats. In vivo anti-oxidative enzyme studies also revealed the increase in the levels of SOD, GSH and catalase to near normalcy after the treatment of Partharishtam in MI rats, which is very much comparable to the commonly used drug Propranolol to treat MI patients. Histopathological analysis confirmed the cardio protective properties of Partharistham in rat model. We did not find any side effects or toxicity of Partharishtam when tested on the normal rats. Thus, polyherbal formulation Partharishtam could be considered as safe medicine for MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one famous nerve stimulating tonic, Dhanwantari Rasayanam. This knowledge of the molecules present in this medicine could indicate the mechanism of action of this medicine, which is basically used to treat nerve-related disease such as paraplegia, hemiplegia, and muscle wasting. Materials and Methods: Dhanwantari Rasayanam was brought from standard Ayurvedic vendor from Chennai. The GC-MS analysis was conducted following standard procedures. Results: It was observed that there are some important biomolecules such as heptanediamide, N,N'-di-benzoyloxy-, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.,beta.-Asarone, Tetradecanoic acid, 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, oleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, and 26-Nor-5-cholesten-3.beta.-ol-25-one show some interesting biological activities which are in tune with the medicinal roles of Dhanwantari Rasayanam. Conclusion: The results indicate a positive correlation between the medicinal roles of molecules present in GC-MS profile and that of the Rasayanam itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one Ayurvedic formulation, Tiktaka Ghrita, which is prescribed for skin diseases. Materials and Methods: The medicine was procured from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC-MS analysis after due processing. Results: It was observed that there are some important biomolecules such as Eucalyptol, o-Acetyl-L-serine, Phenylethyl Alcohol, 2-Allyl- 3-hydroxy-2-methylsuccinic acid, 1-ethyl ester, Glycerine, Succinic acid, ethyl non-5-yn-3-yl ester, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-, Benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy-, and 2,4,6,(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-acetyl- which augur well with the medicinal role of Tiktaka Ghrita. Conclusion: It was observed that the molecules present in the GC-MS profile do show some relationship with that of Tiktaka Ghrita as a medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the GC-MS analysis of one Ayurvedic Rasayana medicine, Sonitha Amritha Rasayanam. The medicine is used for purifying the blood and for skin diseases. Methods: The medicine was procured from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC-MS analysis with due procedure. Results: The GC-MS profile indicated the presence of molecules such as ketone, isopropylidenecyclopropyl methyl, benzoic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 1-butanone, 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-, myrtenoic acid, ethyl ester, 1, 1-diphenyl-4-phenylthiobut-3-en-1-ol, arteannuic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-4-phenylthiobut-3-en-1-ol, (1Ar-(1aalpha,4abeta,8as(*)))-4a,8,8-trimethyloctahydrobenzo©cyclopropa (d)pyran-2,4-dione, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, and mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester which do have medicinal value directly or indirectly indicating the role of this medicine as an effective skincare tonic. Conclusion: This knowledge could lead to further research to pinpoint the roles of each molecule toward the medicinal role of Sonitha Amritha Rasayanam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the management of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, memory loss remains very challenging. Saraswatharishtam (SWRT) is an ayurvedic formulation prescribed for several neurological illnesses like acute anxiety, partial memory loss, slurred speech, neuro degenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's etc. Methods: Present study explores the possibilities of curative effects of SWRT on Scopolamine induced memory impairment and to compare the effects of commonly used drug piracetam. Adult Wistar Swiss albino mice were used for this experiment and divided into five different groups for the treatments of the drugs in various combinations. The first group was vehicle treated control while the second group was treated with scopolamine to induce memory impairment. The third group of animals were treated with Scopolamine where the mice were pretreated with standard neuroprotective drug Piracetam, while the fourth and fifth group of animals were treated with scopolamine and the animals were pretreated with SWRT at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively to compare with the effect of Piracetam. Scopolamine was administered on day eight, only for 45 minutes in all the cases (Group I- Group V). Several neurobehavioral parameters were examined to confirm the neuroprotective effects of SWRT. Results: Saraswatharishtam significantly reversed the memory loss in mice model revealed from elevated plus maze, radial maze and rectangular maze experiments justifying its neuroprotective potential as observed in usually used synthetic Piracetam. SWRT was found to be nontoxic and very promising antioxidant recorded from acute and chronic toxicological studies. Conclusions: It is suggested that SWRT, could be used as safe and easily available Ayurveda medicine to treat neurological dysfunctions without any side effects. Further translational research is needed to explore its neuro-protective potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is an urgent need to substantiate scientifically the roles of contemporary and native medicinal practices. This exercise will open up a new class of drugs which could be cheap, easily affordable, and with less or no side effects. Moringa oleifera or drumstick is known to a wonder herbal plant and most of its parts are used to cure various ailments. The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of M. oleifera seeds and to understand the molecules present therein. Methods: GC-MS was performed on the water extract of the dried seeds of the plant by standard procedures. Results: Some important biomolecules such as 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, p-cresol, l-Norvaline, N-ethoxycarbonyl-, nonyl ester, Pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-carboxamide, 5-acetylamino- 3-amino-, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzyl sulfone, beta-l-Arabinopyranoside, methyl, tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-, methyl ester, cyclohexane, 1-isopropyl-1-methyl-, decanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-Methylthiolane, S,S-dioxide, 4-Methyl-2,4- bis(4'-trimethylsilyloxyphenyl)pentene-, 2,4(1H, 3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 6-iodo-5-methyl-, 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, and 4-nitrophenyl ester have medicinal roles comparable with the various medicinal activities of Moringa seed water extract. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Moringa seed is a potential candidate for drug designing for many diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Scientific efficacy evaluation of herbal plants for their medicinal roles is needed to establish their importance in medical science. The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one medicinal plant, Stachytarpheta indica. Methods: The GC-MS study of water extracts of the leaves of one herbal plant, S. indica was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexyl hexyl ester, and pentanoic acid has medicinal roles such as acidifier, arachidonic acid inhibitor, and increase aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity. N-t-Butylpyrrole, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-, 3-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)furan, butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, methyl ester, 2-methylheptanoic acid and 2-propenoic acid, 3-(dimethylamino)-, methyl ester, etc., have very important medicinal roles which correlate well with the medicinal role of the plant. Conclusions: The results and discussion above clearly indicate that the various molecules present in S. indica leaf extracts do have medicinal roles ascribed to it and further work in this regard is on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of different leaf extracts of one medicinal Carissa carandas. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical and GC- MS study of one medicinal plant, C. carandas was done as per standard protocols to correlate its medicinal activity with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The methanol extract of C. carandas indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, whereas flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids were present in hexane fraction. Alkaloids, saponins, proteins, and triterpenoids were present in aqueous extract. The GC-MS analysis of hexane and aqueous leaf extracts indicated the presence of some important biomolecules such as pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, Z, Z)-, Phytol, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Squalene, Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15- hexadecamethyl, beta.-Sitosterol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl] ethyl ester, (Z, Z, Z)-Acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, (all-Z)-, and 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z). Conclusions: The presence of these molecules augurs well with the medicinal properties attributed to this plant ethnobotanical. Further work is in progress toward understanding this plant's role as a medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one Ayurvedic digestive powder, Trikatu Churnam. Materials and Methods: The Trikatu Churnam was procured for standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC-MS analysis by the standard as per the standard procedure. Results: The GC-MS profile indicated the presence of some important biomolecules such as longipinocarveol, trans-., beta-bisabolene, caryophyllene oxide., alpha.-ylangene, dodecanedioic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 1(2H)-naphthalenone, octahydro-4a,8adimethyl- 7-(1-methylethyl)-, [4aR-(4a.alpha.,7.beta.,8a.alpha.)]-, 3-methyl-1-adamantaneacetic acid, thiazole-2,4(3H,5H)- dione, 5-benzylideno-3-[(ethylphenylamino)methyl]-, and i-propyl 5,9,17-hexacosatrienoate, which has medicinal roles indicating the efficacy of Trikatu Churnam as a medicine for digestive disorders. Conclusions: The above results and discussion indicates that Trikatu churnam is a good formulation for digestive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Verification of the herbal plants by latest scientific tools toward understanding the molecular mechanism underlying their medicinal role is the need of the hour. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of water extracts of the leaves of one herbal plant, Aristolochia indica was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as 2-propenoic acid, ethenyl ester, oxalic acid, cyclobutyl ethyl ester, phosphoric acid, 2-chloroethenyl dimethyl ester, pentanoic acid, 2-methylcyclohexyl ester, cis-, butylphosphonic acid, butyl cyclohexylmethyl ester, octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, acetic acid, cesium salt and 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester, and some others indicate represents the medicinal roles of this plant as is reported ethnopharmacologically. Conclusions: The results and discussion above clearly indicate that the various molecules present in A. indica leaf extracts do have medicinal roles ascribed to it and further work in this regard is on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The scientific validation of ethnopharmacologically important herbal plants by latest techniques is necessary to understand their medicinal efficacy. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of one herbal plant, Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as catechol, N-benzyl-2-phenethylamine, acetic acid, 4-oxocyclohexyl ester, 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 1,1'-methylene-bis(di-2-propenylamine), inositol, alanine, N-methyl-N-methoxycarbonyl-, hexyl ester, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-2-pentyl-, cyclohexane, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-, cis-, phthalic acid, di(2,3-dimethylphenyl) ester, heptafluorobutyric acid, 2-naphthyl ester, and 2-fluoro-6- trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester has biochemical properties which represent the ethnomedicinal roles of this plant. Conclusions: The presence of these biomolecules having medicinal properties supports the validity of the medicinal roles of D. viscosa var. angustifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) analysis of one digestive Ayurvedic formulation, Induppukanam. Materials and Methods: Induppukanam was procured form a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC-MS analysis following standard procedure. Results: Some important molecules such as thymol, Methyl-4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoate, Chloroacetic acid, pentadecyl ester, Methyl-4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoate, Santalol, E-cis,epi-.beta.-, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 4-Vinylbenzoic acid, 2-Phenyl-3-methoxy-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, Ricinoleic acid, 5-Methyl-5-triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine etc. have mostly actions related to hormonal balance. The role of some molecules such as 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, (4R,5S)-4-Hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxytricyclo[4.4.0.0(3,8)]decane, Nonane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl-, (R)-(-)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol, 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)- and 2H-Pyrazino[1,2-b] isoquinoline-1,3(4H,6H)-dione, and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-11,11a-dihydro-8,9-dimethoxy- are known. Conclusion: The direct evidence of Induppukanam as digestive formulation is not reflected by the molecules, whose roles are known. It will be of interest to work on those molecules whose medicinal roles are not reported yet, which could lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of Induppukanam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study is to known about the types of molecules present in one Ayurvedic medicine, Srikhandasavam prescribed for alcohol de-addiction and liver protection, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis. Materials and Methods: Srikhandasavam was procured from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC MS analysis by standard procedure. Results: It was observed from the GC MS report that there are some very important present in Srikhandasavam which augur well with the role of this medicine. Conclusion: It is concluded that Srikhandasavam is a very good and potent medicine for alcohol de-addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one Ayurvedic tooth powder Dasanakanti Churnam to understand the various molecules present in it. Materials and Methods: The medicine, Dasanakanti Churnam, was procured from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC-MS analysis following standard procedure. Results: It was observed that some medicinally important molecules such as.alphacampholenal, isoborneol, 1H-indole, 3-methyl-, eugenol.,beta-ocimene, benzenebutanoic acid.,alpha.,alpha.-dimethyl-. gamma.-oxo-, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-phenyl-3-methoxy-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, dodecanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester, cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester, 6,9,10-trimethoxy-12H-benz(6,7) oxepino(2,3,4-i,j)isoquinoline, succinic acid, di(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl) ester, octanoic acid, 1-ethenyl-1,5-dimethyl-4- hexenyl ester, 5-(1-Cyclohexenyl)-5-ethyldihydro-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione.,beta.-carbolin-1-one, 6-methyl-2,3,4,9- tetrahydro-.,beta.-carbolin-1-one, 6-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-, trans-Farnesol, benzamide, and 2-methoxy-N-allyl- were present which indicated far-reaching medicinal roles in tune with that of Dasanakanti Churnam. Conclusion: It is concluded that Dasanakanti Churnam, as shown by the GC-MS profile, contains some important molecules that help Dasanakanti Churnam as a good medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is an urgent need to prove the authenticity of Ayurvedic medicines in the light of modern scientific knowledge. Methods: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one herbal oil, Kunthalakanti Thailam, to understand the molecules present there in. Kunthalakanti Thailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor from Chennai. It was processed and GC-MS analysis was done by standard procedures. Results: The GC-MS report indicated the presence of mostly fatty acids and their esters which have potent antioxidant and antiallerg ic properties such as N-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-Methyl-3-93-methyl-but-2-enyl)-enyl)-oxetane, 3, 7-decadien-2-one, and 10-(3,3-dimethoxyloxiran dimethyl-, (E, E)-, +/- which have medicinal activities which help in keeping the homeostasis of the scalp and maintain good health to hair follicles and hair. Some important biomolecules have medicinal properties supporting the validity of skin treatment with this oil. Conclusions: The presence of these biomolecules having medicinal properties supports the validity of Kunthalakanti Thailam as skin and hair health treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) of Ayurvedic formulation, Triphala Churna, their characterization, and their antimicrobial activities as compared to Triphala Churna. Materials and Methods: Cu-NPs were prepared using Cu sulfate (CuSO4. 5H2O) and Triphala Churna, which is a mixture of dried powders of three fruits, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, and Embelica officinalis in equal proportions. Two different methods such as stirring and without stirring conditions were employed for the synthesis of nanostructured crystallites. The nanocrystallites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The presence of phytochemicals in the nanoparticles was studied by TLC. Antimicrobial activities of both normal Triphala Churna and the nanoparticles of Triphala Churna wee compared using microbes, namely, Lactobacillus, Escherichia Coli, and Aspergillus niger. Results: The XRD studies indicated the formation of Cu, cupric oxide (CuO), and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanocrystallites. The Cu-NPs were face-centered cubic structure, CuO was monoclinic, and Cu2O was orthorhombic structures. Spherical nanocrystals which were homogeneous and of uniform distribution were found by SEM. TLC of Triphala Churna indicated the presence of main phytochemicals such as steroid, terpenoid, flavonoid, and alkaloid. Triphala nanoparticles indicated better antimicrobial activity against all the three microbes studied. Conclusions: The above report indicated that Cu-NPs of Triphala Churna ware obtained having mostly cuprous and CuO combinations. The nanoparticles gave better antimicrobial results when compared to regular Triphala Churna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]