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Arterial stiffness (AS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in developed countries. Based on the measurement of AS among residents supplied with soft drinking water (100 respondents) and hard water (100 respondents), a significant difference was found in the pulse wave velocity (PWVao), arterial age, and the difference between arterial and actual age (delta – Δ age). Among respondents consuming soft drinking water, PWVao was higher by 1.9 ms-1, arterial age was higher by 23 years, and Δ age was higher by 14.5 years. As an intervention, originally soft drinking water was treated to increase calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content by approximately 10–15 mg l-1 . After 18 months of consuming water with elevated Ca and Mg content, PWVao decreased by 0.93 m s-1, arterial age decreased by 10.42 years, and Δ age decreased by 11.79 years among respondents originally consuming soft drinking water. Thus, their risk of developing CVD was significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the most common cause of death in developed countries. Based on measurements of arterial stiffness in inhabitants supplied with soft drinking water (100 respondents) and hard drinking water (100 respondents), a significant difference in pulse wave velocity (PWVao), arterial age, and the difference between arterial and actual age (Δ age) was found. In the respondents consuming soft drinking water, PWVao was 1.9 m.s−1 higher, arterial age was 23 years higher, and Δ age was 14.5 years higher. The respondents originally consuming soft drinking water, had the content of Ca and Mg in their water increased by approximately 10–15 mg.l−1. After 18 months of consuming enriched drinking water with increased Ca and Mg content, PWVao in the respondents originally consuming soft drinking water decreased by 0.93 m.s−1, arterial age decreased by 10.42 years, and Δ age decreased by 11.79 years. Their risk of developing CVD thus decreased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research has revealed that the increased mortality on cardiovascular and oncological diseases in the Krupina district, belonging among the most serious in Slovakia, is caused mainly by the low calcium and magnesium contents in the groundwater, being used for drinking by inhabitants of the Krupina district. The paper provides the research results of artificial mineralization tests for one model (distilled) water and two waters from the representative home wells from the Krupina district at standard parcial air pressure (CO2 ~ 0.03 vol.%.), as well as at increased CO2 concentration in the water in laboratory static and dynamic conditions, applying carbonatic rocks (dolomite, magnesite, limestone), as well as the half-calcined dolomite (HCD) in amounts of 10, 20 and 100 kg/m3 of the water and duration of mineralization process 1, 2, resp. 4 hours. The laboratory tests of the mineralization of the water have manifested that there is possible significantly increase the content of Ca and Mg in the water to values reaching, or even overreaching, the requested values for drinking water. The highest enrichment was obtained using HCD and it related to magnesium increase. However, the HCD application caused the decrease of the Ca content. Therefore, the limestone or dolomite must be also used in the mixture, so for water mineralization in the home wells we recommend using a mixture of limestone and HCD, where the HCD content in the mixture should be about 30%. No significant differences were found from the point of view of the grain-size of the carbonate rock used. The Ca and Mg contents increase with longer duration of mineralization process. The recommended amount of added rock is from 20 to 100 kg.m-3 of the water. The controlled addition of carbon dioxide to waters with deeply deficient calcium and magnesium contents when using dolomite (or half-calcined dolomite) at the amount of 20 kg/m3 causes a significant increase in the hardness and Ca and Mg concentrations in a relatively short time (up to 5 minutes) in mineralized water up to / above the recommended values according to the valid legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]