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1,434 results on '"Rapid diagnosis"'

9. Host test based on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interferon gamma-induced protein-10 and C-reactive protein for differentiating bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections in adults: diagnostic accuracy study

Author

Halabi, Salim, Shiber, Shachaf, Paz, Meital, Gottlieb, Tanya M., Barash, Eran, Navon, Roy, Ilan-Ber, Tahel, Shani, Liran, Petersiel, Neta, Grupper, Mordechai, Simon, Einav, Kirshner, Daniel, Haber, Daniel, Stein, Michal, Maor, Yasmin, Guetta, Claire, Lishtzinsky, Ynon, Yanai, Shirly, Drescher, Michael J., Oved, Kfir, Eden, Eran, Neuberger, Ami, and Paul, Mical

Published
2023
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37. Recognition of parasitic helminth eggs via a deep learning-based platform.

Author

He, Wei, Zhu, Huiyin, Geng, Junjie, Hu, Xiao, Li, Yuting, Shi, Haimei, Wang, Yaqian, Zhu, Daiqian, Wang, Huidi, Xie, Li, Yang, Hailin, and Li, Jian

Subjects
CLONORCHIS sinensis, OBJECT recognition (Computer vision), DETECTION algorithms, SCHISTOSOMA japonicum, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, HELMINTHS
Abstract

Introduction: Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for the effective treatment of parasitosis. Traditional etiological methods, especially microscopic examination, are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to false or missed detections. In response to these challenges, this study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the detection and classification of human parasite eggs through the YOLOv4 deep learning object detection algorithm. Methods: Eggs from species such as Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), Ancylostoma duodenale (A. duodenale), Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani), Fasciolopsis buski (F. buski), Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), and Taenia spp. (T. spp.) were collected and prepared as both single species and mixed egg smears. These samples were photographed under a light microscope and analyzed using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) v4 model. Results: The model demonstrated high recognition accuracy, achieving 100% for Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma japonicum , with slightly lower accuracies for other species such as E. vermicularis (89.31%), F. buski (88.00%), and T. trichiura (84.85%). For mixed helminth eggs, the recognition accuracy rates arrived at Group 1 (98.10, 95.61%), Group 2 (94.86, 93.28 and 91.43%), and Group 3 (93.34 and 75.00%), indicating the platform's robustness but also highlighting areas for improvement in complex diagnostic scenarios. Discussion: The results show that this AI-assisted platform significantly reduces reliance on professional expertise while maintaining real-time efficiency and high accuracy, offering a powerful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of parasitosis. With further optimization, such as expanding training datasets and refining recognition algorithms, this AI system could become a key resource in both clinical and public health efforts to combat parasitic infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Emergence and Rapid Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients by Next-Generation Sequencing.

Author

Xing, Fanfan, Deng, Chaowen, Zou, Shan, Tsang, Chi-Ching, Lo, Simon K. F., Lau, Susanna K. P., and Woo, Patrick C. Y.

Abstract

In the last few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a technology for laboratory diagnosis of many culture-negative infections and slow-growing microorganisms. In this study, we describe the use of metagenomic NGS (mNGS) for rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei infection in a 37-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with chronic pneumonia syndrome. Bronchoalveolar lavage for mNGS was positive for T. marneffei sequence reads. Prolonged incubation of the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed T. marneffei colonies after 6 days of incubation. Analysis of 23 cases of T. marneffei infections in renal transplant recipients from the literature revealed that the number of cases ranged from 1 to 4 cases per five years from 1990 to 2020; but increased rapidly to 9 cases from 2021 to 2023, with 7 of them diagnosed by NGS. Twenty of the 23 cases were from T. marneffei-endemic areas [southern part of mainland China (n = 9); Hong Kong (n = 4); northeastern India (n = 2); Indonesia (n = 1) and Taiwan (n = 4)]. For the 3 patients from non-T. marneffei-endemic areas [United Kingdom (n = 2) and Australia (n = 1)], they had travel histories to China and Vietnam respectively. The time taken for diagnosis by mNGS [median 1 (range 1 to 2) day] was significantly shorter than that for fungal culture [median 6 (range 3 to 15) days] (P = 0.002). mNGS is useful for picking up more cases of T. marneffei infections in renal transplant recipients as well as providing a rapid diagnosis. Talaromycosis is an emerging fungal infection in renal transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Automated Urine Screening and Residual Antimicrobial Activity Test for Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Ambulatory Patients: A Laboratory Evaluation of HB&L Uroquattro Instrument

Author

Snegarova-Toneva V., Niyazi D., and Stoeva T.

Subjects
urinary tract infections, rapid diagnosis, residual antibiotic activity, Medicine
Abstract

the aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the HB&L Uroquattro instrument (Alifax, Italy) and the Residual Antimicrobial Activity test (RAA) for rapid and correct diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and to compare the results with those obtained with the classical cultural method.

Published
2024
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