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1. Dark Matter Axion Search with HAYSTAC Phase II

Author

HAYSTAC Collaboration, Bai, Xiran, Jewell, M. J., Echevers, J., van Bibber, K., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Nath, R. D., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Silva-Feaver, M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Zacarias, Sabrina, and Zhu, Yuqi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This Letter reports new results from the HAYSTAC experiment's search for dark matter axions in our galactic halo. It represents the widest search to date that utilizes squeezing to realize sub-quantum limited noise. The new results cover 1.71 $\mu$eV of newly scanned parameter space in the mass ranges 17.28--18.44 $\mu$eV and 18.71--19.46 $\mu$eV. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal was observed, excluding couplings $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.75$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ and $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.96$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level over the respective region. By combining this data with previously published results using HAYSTAC's squeezed state receiver, a total of 2.27 $\mu$eV of parameter space has now been scanned between 16.96--19.46 $\mu$eV, excluding $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.86$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level. These results demonstrate the squeezed state receiver's ability to probe axion models over a significant mass range while achieving a scan rate enhancement relative to a quantum-limited experiment., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

2. Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of DMRadio-m$^3$

Author

DMRadio Collaboration, AlShirawi, A., Bartram, C., Benabou, J. N., Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Kurita, N., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10-200 MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ - 0.83 $\mu$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of DMRadio-m$^3$, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of two larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30-200 MHz can be achieved with a $3\sigma$ live scan time of 3.7 years., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

3. New Results from HAYSTAC's Phase II Operation with a Squeezed State Receiver

Author

HAYSTAC Collaboration, Jewell, M. J., Leder, A. F., Backes, K. M., Bai, Xiran, van Bibber, K., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Hilton, Gene C., Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Vale, Leila R., Wang, H., and Zhu, Yuqi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A search for dark matter axions with masses $>10 \mu eV/c^{2}$ has been performed using the HAYSTAC experiment's squeezed state receiver to achieve sub-quantum limited noise. This report includes details of the design and operation of the experiment previously used to search for axions in the mass ranges $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28 \mu eV/c^{2}$($4.100-4.140$GHz) and $4.145-4.178$GHz) as well as upgrades to facilitate an extended search at higher masses. These upgrades include improvements to the data acquisition routine which have reduced the effective dead time by a factor of 5, allowing for the new region to be scanned $\sim$1.6 times faster with comparable sensitivity. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal is found in the range $18.44-18.71\mu eV/c^{2}$($4.459-4.523$GHz), leading to an aggregate upper limit exclusion at the $90\%$ level on the axion-photon coupling of $2.06\times g_{\gamma}^{KSVZ}$., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023

4. Status of DMRadio-50L and DMRadio-m$^3$

Author

Rapidis, Nicholas M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Recent theoretical advancements have made the QCD axion a stronger dark matter candidate, especially in the sub-$\mu\text{eV}$ range. While cavity haloscopes have made significant progress in excluding QCD axions in the $1 - 100\ \mu\text{eV}$ region, the $1 \text{ peV} - 1\ \mu\text{eV}$ region remains unexplored. The DMRadio program consists of a series of experiments designed to probe low mass axions. DMRadio-50L uses a 1 T average field toroidal magnet and a high-Q LC-oscillator with target sensitivity to axions of $g_{a\gamma\gamma} <5\times10^{-15}\text{ GeV}^{-1}$ between 5 kHz and 5 MHz. DMRadio-m$^3$ consists of a higher frequency LC-oscillator in a 4 T peak field solenoidal magnet with sensitivity to the DFSZ model of QCD axions between 30 MHz and 200 MHz. In this work, we present the status of DMRadio-50L and DMRadio-m$^3$., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor edits following reviewer comments

Published
2022

5. Quantum metrology of low frequency electromagnetic modes with frequency upconverters

Author

Kuenstner, Stephen E., van Assendelft, Elizabeth C., Chaudhuri, Saptarshi, Cho, Hsiao-Mei, Corbin, Jason, Henderson, Shawn W., Kadribasic, Fedja, Li, Dale, Phipps, Arran, Rapidis, Nicholas M., Simanovskaia, Maria, Singh, Jyotirmai, Yu, Cyndia, and Irwin, Kent D.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the RF Quantum Upconverter (RQU) and describe its application to quantum metrology of electromagnetic modes between dc and the Very High Frequency band (VHF) ($\lesssim$300MHz). The RQU uses a Josephson interferometer made up of superconducting loops and Josephson junctions to implement a parametric interaction between a low-frequency electromagnetic mode (between dc and VHF) and a mode in the microwave C Band ($\sim$ 5GHz), analogous to the radiation pressure interaction between electromagnetic and mechanical modes in cavity optomechanics. We analyze RQU performance with quantum amplifier theory, and show that the RQU can operate as a quantum-limited op-amp in this frequency range. It can also use non-classical measurement protocols equivalent to those used in cavity optomechanics, including back-action evading (BAE) measurements, sideband cooling, and two-mode squeezing. These protocols enable experiments using dc--VHF electromagnetic modes as quantum sensors with sensitivity better than the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). We demonstrate signal upconversion from low frequencies to microwave C band using an RQU and show a phase-sensitive gain (extinction ratio) of $46.9$\;dB, which is a necessary step towards the realization of full BAE., Comment: -minor rewording and clarification of arguments in abstract, introduction, and conclusion -added discussion and citations for related devices in Section IIA -renamed section II C to Quantum Amplifier Theory -added discussion of Kerr nonlinearity in II C

Published
2022

6. Projected Sensitivity of DMRadio-m$^3$: A Search for the QCD Axion Below $1\,\mu$eV

Author

DMRadio Collaboration, Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The QCD axion is one of the most compelling candidates to explain the dark matter abundance of the universe. With its extremely small mass ($\ll 1\,\mathrm{eV}/c^2$), axion dark matter interacts as a classical field rather than a particle. Its coupling to photons leads to a modification of Maxwell's equations that can be measured with extremely sensitive readout circuits. DMRadio-m$^3$ is a next-generation search for axion dark matter below $1\,\mu$eV using a $>4$ T static magnetic field, a coaxial inductive pickup, a tunable LC resonator, and a DC-SQUID readout. It is designed to search for QCD axion dark matter over the range $20\,\mathrm{neV}\lesssim m_ac^2\lesssim 800\,\mathrm{neV}$ ($5\,\mathrm{MHz}<\nu<200\,\mathrm{MHz}$). The primary science goal aims to achieve DFSZ sensitivity above $m_ac^2\approx 120$ neV (30 MHz), with a secondary science goal of probing KSVZ axions down to $m_ac^2\approx40\,\mathrm{neV}$ (10 MHz)., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Updated to fix small errors and correct acknowledgements. Updated title and notational clarifications

Published
2022
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7. Proposal for a definitive search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author

Brouwer, L, Chaudhuri, S, Cho, H-M, Corbin, J, Dawson, CS, Droster, A, Foster, JW, Fry, JT, Graham, PW, Henning, R, Irwin, KD, Kadribasic, F, Kahn, Y, Keller, A, Kolevatov, R, Kuenstner, S, Leder, AF, Li, D, Ouellet, JL, Pappas, KMW, Phipps, A, Rapidis, NM, Safdi, BR, Salemi, CP, Simanovskaia, M, Singh, J, van Assendelft, EC, van Bibber, K, Wells, K, Winslow, L, Wisniewski, WJ, and Young, BA

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program.

Published
2022

8. Axion Dark Matter

Author

Adams, C. B., Aggarwal, N., Agrawal, A., Balafendiev, R., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Bekker, H., Belov, P., Berggren, K. K., Berlin, A., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Caldwell, A., Carenza, P., Carosi, G., Cervantes, R., Chakrabarty, S. S., Chaudhuri, S., Chen, T. Y., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Co, R. T., Conrad, J., Croon, D., D'Agnolo, R. T., Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Descalle, M., Desch, K., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Dona, K., Drachnev, I. S., Droster, A., Du, N., Dunne, K., Döbrich, B., Ellis, S. A. R., Essig, R., Fan, J., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Rosso, A. Gallo, Barceló, J. M. García, Irastorza, I. G., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghosh, S., Giaccone, B., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Grin, D., Grote, H., Guzzetti, M., Awida, M. H., Henning, R., Hoof, S., Hoshino, G., Irsic, V., Irwin, K. D., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Jakovcic, K., Jewell, M. J., Kagan, M., Kahn, Y., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kovachy, T., Krueger, P., Kuenstner, S. E., Kurinsky, N. A., Leane, R. K., Leder, A. F., Lee, C., Lehnert, K. W., Lentz, E. W., Lewis, S. M., Liu, J., Lynn, M., Majorovits, B., Marsh, D. J. E., Maruyama, R. H., McAllister, B. T., Millar, A. J., Miller, D. W., Mitchell, J., Morampudi, S., Mueller, G., Nagaitsev, S., Nardi, E., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oblath, N. S., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peiris, H. V., Perez, K., Phipps, A., Pivovaroff, M. J., Quílez, P., Rapidis, N. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Ruz, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safdi, B. R., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schuster, P., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Sinha, K., Sinnis, J. T., Siodlaczek, M., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Sokolov, A. V., Sonnenschein, A., Speller, D. H., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Tavecchio, F., Temples, D. J., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Toro, N., Tsai, Y. -D., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Vandegar, M., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Vogel, J. K., Wang, Z., Wickenbrock, A., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zhou, K., and Zhou, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Axions are well-motivated dark matter candidates with simple cosmological production mechanisms. They were originally introduced to solve the strong CP problem, but also arise in a wide range of extensions to the Standard Model. This Snowmass white paper summarizes axion phenomenology and outlines next-generation laboratory experiments proposed to detect axion dark matter. There are vibrant synergies with astrophysical searches and advances in instrumentation including quantum-enabled readout, high-Q resonators and cavities and large high-field magnets. This white paper outlines a clear roadmap to discovery, and shows that the US is well-positioned to be at the forefront of the search for axion dark matter in the coming decade., Comment: restore and expand author list

Published
2022

9. New Horizons: Scalar and Vector Ultralight Dark Matter

Author

Antypas, D., Banerjee, A., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Betz, J., Bollinger, J. J., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Carney, D., Carosi, G., Chaudhuri, S., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Chowdhury, M. D., Co, R. T., López-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Derbin, A. V., Deshpande, T., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Doyle, J. M., Drlica-Wagner, A., Droster, A., Du, N., Döbrich, B., Eby, J., Essig, R., Farren, G. S., Figueroa, N. L., Fry, J. T., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghalsasi, A., Ghosh, S., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Griffin, S. M., Grin, D., Grote, H., Gundlach, J. H., Guzzetti, M., Hanneke, D., Harnik, R., Henning, R., Irsic, V., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Kagan, M., Kedar, D., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kolkowitz, S., Kovachy, T., Kuenstner, S. E., Lasner, Z., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, R., Leibrandt, D. R., Lentz, E., Lewis, S. M., Liu, Z., Manley, J., Maruyama, R. H., Millar, A. J., Muratova, V. N., Musoke, N., Nagaitsev, S., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peik, E., Perez, G., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Robinson, J. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schmidt, P. O., Schumm, T., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Temples, D. J., Thirolf, P. G., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Tretiak, O., Tsai, Y. -D., Tyson, J. A., Vandegar, M., Vermeulen, S., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Wang, Z., Wilson, D. J., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Ye, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zaheer, M. H., Zelevinsky, T., Zhao, Y., and Zhou, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The last decade has seen unprecedented effort in dark matter model building at all mass scales coupled with the design of numerous new detection strategies. Transformative advances in quantum technologies have led to a plethora of new high-precision quantum sensors and dark matter detection strategies for ultralight ($<10\,$eV) bosonic dark matter that can be described by an oscillating classical, largely coherent field. This white paper focuses on searches for wavelike scalar and vector dark matter candidates., Comment: Snowmass 2021 White Paper

Published
2022

10. Introducing DMRadio-GUT, a search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author

Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly-motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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11. A Model-Independent Radio Telescope Dark Matter Search

Author

Keller, Aya, O'Brien, Sean, Kamdar, Adyant, Rapidis, Nicholas M., Leder, Alexander F., and van Bibber, Karl

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A novel search technique for ultralight dark matter has been developed and carried out over a narrow range in L band, utilizing the recent Breakthrough Listen public data release of three years of observation with the Green Bank Telescope. The search concept depends only on the assumption of decay or annihilation of virialized dark matter to a quasimonochromatic radio line, and additionally that the frequency and intensity of the line be consistent with most general properties expected of the phase space of our Milky Way halo. Specifically, the search selects for a line that exhibits a Doppler shift with position according to the solar motion through a static Galactic halo, and similarly varies in intensity with the position with respect to the Galactic center. Over the frequency range $1.73-1.83$ GHz, radiative annihilation of dark matter is excluded above $\langle{\sigma}v\rangle$ = $1.2 \times 10^{-47} \text{ cm}^3 \text{ s}^{-1}$, and for decay above ${\lambda}$ = $4.1 \times 10^{-35} \text{ s}^{-1}$. The analysis of the full Breakthrough Listen GBT dataset by this method ($25,000$ spectra, $1.1-11.6$ GHz) is currently underway., Comment: Submitted to ApJ; 11 pages

Published
2021
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12. A quantum-enhanced search for dark matter axions

Author

Backes, K. M., Palken, D. A., Kenany, S. Al, Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Hilton, Gene C., Ghosh, Sumita, Jackson, H., Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., Vale, Leila R., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., and Wang, H.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In dark matter axion searches, quantum uncertainty manifests as a fundamental noise source, limiting the measurement of the quadrature observables used for detection. We use vacuum squeezing to circumvent the quantum limit in a search for a new particle. By preparing a microwave-frequency electromagnetic field in a squeezed state and near-noiselessly reading out only the squeezed quadrature, we double the search rate for axions over a mass range favored by recent theoretical projections. We observe no signature of dark matter axions in the combined $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28\space\mu\text{eV}/c^2$ mass window for axion-photon couplings above $g_{\gamma} = 1.38\times g_{\gamma}^\text{KSVZ}$, reporting exclusion at the 90% level., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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13. Resonant Conversion of Dark Matter Oscillons in Pulsar Magnetospheres

Author

Prabhu, Anirudh and Rapidis, Nicholas M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Due to their high magnetic fields and plasma densities, pulsars provide excellent laboratories for tests of beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. When axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) approach closely enough to pulsars, they can be resonantly converted to photons, yielding dramatic electromagnetic signals. We discuss the possibility of detecting such signals from bound configurations of axions, colliding with pulsar magnetospheres. We find that all but the densest axion stars, $\textit{oscillons}$, are tidally destroyed well before resonant conversion can take place. Oscillons can be efficiently converted to photons, leading to bright, ephemeral radio flashes. Observation of the galactic bulge using existing (Very Large Array and LOFAR) and forthcoming (Square Kilometer Array) radio missions has the potential to detect such events for axion masses in the range $m_a \in \left[0.1 \ \mu\text{eV}, 200 \ \mu\text{eV}\right]$, even if oscillons make up a negligible fraction of dark matter., Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor edits and formatting changes in preparation for journal submission

Published
2020
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14. An improved analysis framework for axion dark matter searches

Author

Palken, D. A., Brubaker, B. M., Malnou, M., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Cahn, S. B., Gurevich, Y. V., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., van Bibber, K., Zhong, L., and Lehnert, K. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

In experiments searching for axionic dark matter, the use of the standard threshold-based data analysis discards valuable information. We present a Bayesian analysis framework that builds on an existing processing protocol to extract more information from the data of coherent axion detectors such as operating haloscopes. The analysis avoids logical subtleties that accompany the standard analysis framework and enables greater experimental flexibility on future data runs. Performing this analysis on the existing data from the HAYSTAC experiment, we find improved constraints on the axion-photon coupling $g_\gamma$ while also identifying the most promising regions of parameter space within the $23.15$--$24.0$ $\mu$eV mass range. A comparison with the standard threshold analysis suggests a $36\%$ improvement in scan rate from our analysis, demonstrating the utility of this framework for future axion haloscope analyses., Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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15. Completion of Phase I and Preparation for Phase II of the HAYSTAC Experiment

Author

Rapidis, Nicholas M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The HAYSTAC experiment utilizes a tunable resonant microwave cavity to search for dark matter axions. We report on the system and the results from Phase I of the experiment. This phase relied on a 9 T magnet, Josephson parametric amplifiers, and a dilution refrigerator for the operation of the experiment. Axion models with two photon coupling $\ g_{a\gamma\gamma}\gtrsim2\times 10^{-14}\ \mathrm{GeV}$ were excluded in the $\ 23.15

Published
2018

16. Characterization of the HAYSTAC axion dark matter search cavity using microwave measurement and simulation techniques

Author

Rapidis, Nicholas M., Lewis, Samantha M., and van Bibber, Karl A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Many searches for axion cold dark matter rely on the use of tunable electromagnetic resonators. Current detectors operate at or near microwave frequencies and use cylindrical cavities with cylindrical tuning rods. The cavity performance strongly impacts the signal power of the detector, which is expected to be very small even under optimal conditions. There is strong motivation to characterize these microwave cavities and improve their performance in order to maximize the achievable signal power. We present the results of a study characterizing the HAYSTAC (Haloscope At Yale Sensitive to Axion Cold dark matter) cavity using bead perturbation measurements and detailed 3D electromagnetic simulations. This is the first use of bead perturbation methods to characterize an axion haloscope cavity. In this study, we measured impacts of misalignments on the order of 0.001 in and demonstrated that the same impacts can be predicted using electromagnetic simulations. We also performed a detailed study of mode crossings and hybridization between the TM$_{010}$ mode used in operation and other cavity modes. This mixing limits the tuning range of the cavity that can be used during an axion search. By characterizing each mode crossing in detail, we show that some mode crossings are benign and are potentially still useful for data collection. The level of observed agreement between measurements and simulations demonstrates that finite element modeling can capture non-ideal cavity behavior and the impacts of very small imperfections. 3D electromagnetic simulations and bead perturbation measurements are standard tools in the microwave engineering community, but they have been underutilized in axion cavity design. This work demonstrates their potential to improve understanding of existing cavities and to optimize future designs., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures The following article has been submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments. v2: added changes made during the review process

Published
2018
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17. Results from phase 1 of the HAYSTAC microwave cavity axion experiment

Author

Zhong, L., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Carosi, G., Gurevich, Y. V., Kindel, W. F., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., and van Bibber, K. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the results from a search for dark matter axions with the HAYSTAC experiment using a microwave cavity detector at frequencies between 5.6-5.8$\, \rm Ghz$. We exclude axion models with two photon coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma}\,\gtrsim\,2\times10^{-14}\,\rm GeV^{-1}$, a factor of 2.7 above the benchmark KSVZ model over the mass range 23.15$\,<\,$$m_a \,$<$\,$24.0$\,\mu\rm eV$. This doubles the range reported in our previous paper. We achieve a near-quantum-limited sensitivity by operating at a temperature $T

Published
2018
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18. Application of the Bead Perturbation Technique to a Study of a Tunable 5 GHz Annular Cavity

Author

Rapidis, N. M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Microwave cavities for a Sikivie-type axion search are subject to several constraints. In the fabrication and operation of such cavities, often used at frequencies where the resonator is highly overmoded, it is important to be able to reliably identify several properties of the cavity. Those include identifying the symmetry of the mode of interest, confirming its form factor, and determining the frequency ranges where mode crossings with intruder levels cause unacceptable admixture, thus leading to the loss of purity of the mode of interest. A simple and powerful diagnostic for mapping out the electric field of a cavity is the bead perturbation technique. While a standard tool in accelerator physics, we have, for the first time, applied this technique to cavities used in the axion search. We report initial results from an extensive study for the initial cavity used in the HAYSTAC experiment. Two effects have been investigated: the role of rod misalignment in mode localization, and mode-mixing at avoided crossings of TM/TE modes. Future work will extend these results by incorporating precision metrology and high-fidelity simulations., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the 2nd Workshop on Microwave Cavities and Detectors for Axion Research

Published
2017
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19. Design and Operational Experience of a Microwave Cavity Axion Detector for the 20-100 micro-eV Range

Author

Kenany, S. Al, Anil, M. A., Backes, K. M., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Carosi, G., Gurevich, Y. V., Kindel, W. F., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Urdinaran, I., van Bibber, K. A., and Zhong, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe a dark matter axion detector designed, constructed, and operated both as an innovation platform for new cavity and amplifier technologies and as a data pathfinder in the $5 - 25$ GHz range ($\sim20-100\: \mu$eV). The platform is small but flexible to facilitate the development of new microwave cavity and amplifier concepts in an operational environment. The experiment has recently completed its first data production; it is the first microwave cavity axion search to deploy a Josephson parametric amplifier and a dilution refrigerator to achieve near-quantum limited performance., Comment: 17 pages, published in NIM A. v2: added changes made during the review process

Published
2016
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20. First results from a microwave cavity axion search at 24 micro-eV

Author

Brubaker, B. M., Zhong, L., Gurevich, Y. V., Cahn, S. B., Lamoreaux, S. K., Simanovskaia, M., Root, J. R., Lewis, S. M., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Urdinaran, I., Rapidis, N. M., Shokair, T. M., van Bibber, K. A., Palken, D. A., Malnou, M., Kindel, W. F., Anil, M. A., Lehnert, K. W., and Carosi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first results from a new microwave cavity search for dark matter axions with masses above $20~\mu\text{eV}$. We exclude axion models with two-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma} \gtrsim 2\times10^{-14}~\text{GeV}^{-1}$ over the range $23.55~\mu\text{eV} < m_a < 24.0~\mu\text{eV}$. These results represent two important achievements. First, we have reached cosmologically relevant sensitivity an order of magnitude higher in mass than any existing limits. Second, by incorporating a dilution refrigerator and Josephson parametric amplifier, we have demonstrated total noise approaching the standard quantum limit for the first time in an axion search., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRL. v2: added changes made during the review process

Published
2016
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21. Letter of Intent for KM3NeT 2.0

Author

Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Barrios-Martí, J., Belhorma, B., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. van den, Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Billault, M., Bond, M., Bormuth, R., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Bourret, S., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Cecchini, S., Celli, S., Champion, C., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., De Sio, C., Di Capua, F., Di Palma, I., García, A. F. Díaz, Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Eichie, S., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Khayati, N. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fassi, F., Favali, P., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Frascadore, G., Filippidis, C., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Galatà, S., Garufi, F., Gay, P., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Habel, R., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Harissopulos, S., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hevinga, M., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C. M. F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., de Jong, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Katz, U. F., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Kießling, D., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Leisos, A., Leonora, E., Clark, M. Lindsey, Liolios, A., Alvarez, C. D. Llorens, Presti, D. Lo, Löhner, H., Lonardo, A., Lotze, M., Loucatos, S., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Mariş, O., Markou, C., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moussa, A., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Olcina, I., Olivetto, C., Orlando, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Păvălaş, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Pfutzner, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Poma, G. E., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pratolongo, F., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rossi, C., Rovelli, A., Saldaña, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., García, A. Sánchez, Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schimmel, F., Schmelling, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Siotis, I., Sipala, V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tézier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L., Timmer, P., Tönnis, C., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Volkert, M., Voulgaris, G., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., Zachariadou, K., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: 1) The high-energy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and 2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergetic opportunities for the earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are identified, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Italy) and Pylos (Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a 3-dimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the Galactic plane. One building block will be configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations., Comment: 119 pages, published version, revised Eq. 6, 7

Published
2016
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22. The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Androulakis, G. C., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Anvar, S., Ardid, M., Avgitas, T., Balasi, K., Band, H., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Baret, B., Baron, S., Barrios, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Berkien, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Birbas, A., Rookhuizen, H. Boer, Bormuth, R., Bouché, V., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Boutonnet, C., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, F., Cecchini, S., Ceres, A., Cereseto, R., Champion, C., Château, F., Chiarusi, T., Christopoulou, B., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Coleiro, A., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cosquer, A., Costa, M., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., Deniskina, N., Destelle, J. -J., Distefano, C., Di Capua, F., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durand, D., Eberl, T., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Fusco, L. A., Gajanana, D., Gal, T., Galatà, S., Garufi, F., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., GraciaRuiz, R., Graf, K., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Habel, R., van Haren, H., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Herold, B., Hevinga, M. A., van der Hoek, M., Hofestädt, J., Hogenbirk, J., Hugon, C., Hößl, J., Imbesi, M., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jochum, J., de Jong, M., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Kappos, E., Katz, U., Kavatsyuk, O., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Koffeman, E., Kok, H., Kooijman, P., Koopstra, J., Korporaal, A., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Provost, H. Le, Leismüller, K. P., Leisos, A., Lenis, D., Leonora, E., LindseyClark, M., Alvarez, C. D. Llorens, Löhner, H., Lonardo, A., Loucatos, S., Louis, F., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Manolopoulos, K., Margiotta, A., Mariş, O., Markou, C., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Melis, K. W., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Mos, S., Moudden, Y., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolaou, C., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Orzelli, A., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Păvălaş, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Popa, V., Pradier, Th., Priede, M., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P. A., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spitaleri, A., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stolarczyk, T., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Tézier, D., Théraube, S., Thompson, L. F., Timmer, P., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vernin, P., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Werneke, P., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., van Wooning, R. H. L., Zonca, E., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zwart, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the 40K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 hours of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3{\deg}., Comment: Accepted for publication by EPJ C

Published
2015
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23. Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module

Author

Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Anvar, S., Ardid, M., de Asmundis, R., Balasi, K., Band, H., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Baret, B., Baron, S., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Berkien, A., Bertin, V., Beurthey, S., van Beveren, V., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Birbas, A., Rookhuizen, H. Boer, Bormuth, R., Bouche, V., Bouhadef, B., Bourlis, G., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calamai, M., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, F., Cecchini, S., Ceres, A., Cereseto, R., Champion, C., Chateau, F., Chiarusi, T., Christopoulou, B., Circella, M., Classen, L., Cocimano, R., Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cosquer, A., Costa, M., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Curtil, C., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., Deniskina, N., Destelle, J. -J., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q., Drakopoulou7, E., Drouhin, D., Drury, L., Durand, D., Eberl, T., Eleftheriadis, C., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Fermani, P., Fusco, L. A., Gajana, D., Gal, T., Galata, S., Gallo, F., Garufi, F., Gebyehu, M., Giordano, V., Gizani, N., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Habel, R., van Haren, H., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Heine, E., Henry, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Herold, B., Hevinga, M. A., van der Hoek, M., Hofestadt, J., Hogenbirk, J., Hugon, C., Hosl, J., Imbesi, M., James, C., Jansweijer, P., Jochum, J., de Jong, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Kappes, A., Kappos, E., Katz, U., Kavatsyuk, O., Keller, P., Kieft, G., Koffeman, E., Kok, H., Kooijman, P., Koopstra, J., Korporaal, A., Kouchner, A., Koutsoukos, S., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Provost, H. Le, Leisos, A., Lenis, D., Leonora, E., Clark, M. Lindsey, Liolios, A., Alvarez, C. D. Llorens, Lohner, H., Presti, D. Lo, Louis, F., Maccioni, E., Mannheim, K., Manolopoulos, K., Margiotta, A., Maris, O., Markou, C., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Mos, S., Moudden, Y., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolaou, C., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Orzelli, A., Papageorgiou, K., Papaikonomou, A., Papaleo, R., Pavalas, G. E., Peek, H., Pellegrino, C., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Petridou, C., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Popa, V., Pradier, Th., Priede, M., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Racca, C., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapidis, P. A., Razis, P., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Royon, J., Saldana, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Sapienza, P., Savvidis, I., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sedita, M., Seitz, T., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Siotis, I., Sipala, V., Solazzo, M., Spitaleri, A., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, G., Steijger, J., Stolarczyk, T., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Tezier, D., Theraube, S., Thompson, L. F., Timmer, P., Trapierakis, H. I., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Vermeulen, J., Vernin, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Werneke, P., Wiggers, L., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., van Wooning, R. H. L., Yatkin, K., Zachariadou, K., Zonca, E., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zwart, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same $^{40}$K decay and the localization bioluminescent activity in the neighbourhood. The single unit can cleanly identify atmospheric muons and provide sensitivity to the muon arrival directions.

Published
2014
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24. The D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker

Author

Ahmed, S. N., Angstadt, R., Aoki, M., Åsman, B., Austin, S., Bagby, L., Barberis, E., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Bischoff, A., Blekman, F., Bolton, T. A., Boswell, C., Bowden, M., Browning, F., Buchholz, D., Burdin, S., Butler, D., Cease, H., Choi, S., Clark, A. R., Clutter, J., Cooper, A., Cooper, W. E., Corcoran, M., de Jong, S. J., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Desai, S., Derylo, G., Ellison, J., Ermolov, P., Fagan, J., Fast, J., Filthaut, F., Foglesong, J., Fox, H., Galea, C. F., Gardner, J., Genik II, R. J., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Gounder, K., Grinstein, S., Gu, W., Gutierrez, P., Haggerty, H., Hall, R. E., Hagopian, S., Hance, R., Harder, K., Heger, P., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hesketh, G., Hover, D., Howell, J., Hrycyk, M., Iashvili, I., Johnson, M., Jöstlein, H., Juste, A., Kahl, W., Kajfasz, E., Karmanov, D., Kesisoglou, S., Khanov, A., King, J., Kleinfelder, S., Kowalski, J., Krempetz, K., Kubantsev, M., Kulik, Y., Landsberg, G., Leflat, A., Lehner, F., Lipton, R., Mao, H. S., Martin, M., Mateski, J., Matulik, M., McKenna, M., Melnitchouk, A., Merkin, M., Mihalcea, D., Milgrome, O., Montgomery, H. E., Moua, S., Naumann, N. A., Nomerotski, A., Olis, D., O'Neil, D. C., Garzón, G. J. Otero y, Parua, N., Pawlak, J., Petteni, M., Quinn, B., Rapidis, P. A., Ratzmann, P., Rizatdinova, F., Roco, M., Rucinski, R., Rykalin, V., Schellman, H., Schmitt, W., Sellberg, G., Serritella, C., Shabalina, E., Sidwell, R. A., Simak, V., Smith, E., Squires, B., Stanton, N. R., Steinbrück, G., Strandberg, J., Strandberg, S., Strauss, M., Stredde, S., Toukhtarov, A., Tripathi, S. M., Trippe, T. G., Tsybychev, D., Utes, M., van Gemmeren, P., Vaz, M., Weber, M., Wijngaarden, D. A., Wish, J., Womersley, J., Yarema, R., Ye, Z., Zieminski, A., Zimmerman, T., and Zverev, E. G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper describes the mechanical design, the readout chain, the production, testing and the installation of the Silicon Microstrip Tracker of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, description of the performance of the detector during the experiment data collection between 2001 and 2010 is provided.

Published
2010
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26. KM3NeT:a large underwater neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Rapidis, P. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

High energy neutrinos produced in astrophysical processes will allow for a new way of studying the universe. In order to detect the expected flux of high energy neutrinos from specific astrophysical sources, neutrino telescopes of a scale of a km^3 of water will be needed. A Northern Hemisphere detector is being proposed to be sited in a deep area of the Mediterranean Sea. This detector will provide complimentary sky coverage to the IceCube detector being built at the South Pole. The three neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean (ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR) are partners in an effort to design, and build such a km^3 size neutrino telescope, the KM3NeT. The EU is funding a 3-year Design Study; the status of the Design Study is presented and some technical issues are discussed., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Prepared for the 10th International Conference on Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2007), Sendai, Japan, 11-15 Sep 2007

Published
2008
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27. The Neutrino Factory and Beta Beam Experiments and Development

Author

Albright, C., Barger, V., Beacom, J., Brice, S., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Goodman, M., Harris, D., Huber, P., Jansson, A., Lindner, M., Mena, O., Rapidis, P., Whisnant, K., Winter, W., Factory, The Neutrino, and Collaboration, Muon Collider

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The long-term prospects for fully exploring three-flavor mixing in the neutrino sector depend upon an ongoing and increased investment in the appropriate accelerator R&D. Two new concepts have been proposed that would revolutionize neutrino experiments, namely the Neutrino Factory and the Beta Beam facility. These new facilities would dramatically improve our ability to test the three-flavor mixing framework, measure \textsl{CP} violation in the lepton sector, and perhaps determine the neutrino mass hierarchy, and, if necessary, probe extremely small values of the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$. The stunning sensitivity that could be achieved with a Neutrino Factory is described, together with our present understanding of the corresponding sensitivity that might be achieved with a Beta Beam facility. In the Beta Beam case, additional study is required to better understand the optimum Beta Beam energy, and the achievable sensitivity. Neither a Neutrino Factory nor a Beta Beam facility could be built without significant R&D. An impressive Neutrino Factory R&D effort has been ongoing in the U.S. and elsewhere over the last few years and significant progress has been made towards optimizing the design, developing and testing the required accelerator components, and significantly reducing the cost. The recent progress is described here., Comment: 115 pages; 71 figures. The Neutrino Factory and Beta Beam Experiments and Development Working Group report to the Joint DNP/DPF/DAP/DPB Study on the Future of Neutrino Physics. A few typos corrected Several new references added in section 4

Published
2004

28. Report of the APS Neutrino Study Reactor Working Group

Author

Abouzaid, E., Anderson, K., Barenboim, G., Berger, B., Blucher, E., Bolton, T., Choubey, S., Conrad, J., Formaggio, J., Freedman, S., Finely, D., Fisher, P., Fujikawa, B., Gai, M., Goodman, M., de Goueva, A., Hadley, N., Hahn, R., Horton-Smith, G., Kadel, R., Kayser, B., Heeger, K., Klein, J., Learned, J., Lindner, M., Link, J., Luk, K.-B., McKeown, R., Mocioiu, I., Mohapatra, R., Naples, D., Peng, J., Petcov, S., Pilcher, J., Rapidis, P., Reyna, D., Shaevitz, M., Shrock, R., Stanton, N., Stefanski, R., Yamamoto, R., and Worcester, M.

Subjects
Physics of elementary particles and fields, neutrino reactor oscillation experiment theta13 APS
Published
2004

29. White paper report on using nuclear reactors to search for a value of theta13

Author

Anderson, K., Anjos, J.C., Ayres, D., Beacom, J., Bediaga, I., de Bellefon, A., Berger, B.E., Bilenky, S., Blucher, E., Bolton, T., Buck, C., Bugg, W., Busenitz, J., Choubey, S., Conrad, J., Cribier, M., Dadoun, O., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Decowski, M., de Gouvea, Andre, Demutrh, D., Dessages-Ardellier, F., Efremenko, Y., von Feilitzsch, F., Finley, D., Formaggio, J.A., Freedman, S.J., Fujikawa, B.K., Garbini, M., Giusti, P., Goger-Neff, M., Goodman, M., Gray, F., Grieb, C., Grudzinski, J.J., Guarino, V.J., Hartmann, F., Hagner, C., Heeger, K.M., Hofmann, W., Horton-Smith, G., Huber, P., Inzhechik, L., Jochum, J., Jostlein, H., Kadel, R., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D., Kasper, P., de Kerret, H., Kersten, J., Klein, J., Knopfle, K.T., Kopeikin, V., Kozlov, Yu., Kryn, D., Kuchler, V., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lasserre, T., Laughton, C., Lendvai, C., Li, J., Lindner, M., Link, J., Longo, M., Lu, Y.S., Luk, K.B., Ma, Y.Q., Martemyanov, V.P., Mauger, C., Manghetti, H., McKeown, R., Mention, G., Meyer, J.P., Mikaelyan, L., Minakata, H., Naples, D., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Parke, S., Petcov, S.T., Peres, O.L.G., Potzel, W., Pilcher, J., Plunkett, R., Raffelt, G., Rapidis, P., Reyna, D., Roe, B., Rolinec, M., Sakamoto, Y., Sartorelli, G., Schonert, S., Schwertz, T., Selvi, M., Shaevitz, M., Shellard, R., and Shrock, R.

Subjects
Physics of elementary particles and fields, neutrino oscillations theta13 reactor neutrino experiment Diablo Canyon Daya Bay
Published
2004

31. Measurements of DC SQUID Damping Effects on Superconducting Resonant Circuits

Author

van Assendelft, Elizabeth, CHO, HSIAO-MEI, Corbin, Jason, Kuenstner, Stephen, Li, Dale, Phipps, Arran, Rapidis, Nicholas M., Singh, Jyotirmai, Wells, Kevin, and Irwin, Kent

Abstract

We present experimental measurements of SQUID-induced damping effects on strongly coupled, lumped-element resonators in the 500kHz–1 MHz frequency range. While dc SQUIDs are commonly used for sensitive readout of electromagnetic signals such as in lumped-element axion dark matter searches, coupling a dc SQUID to a resonant circuit modifies the circuit's resonance frequency, quality factor, noise, and impedance. These parameters have a direct impact on the science reach of axion dark matter detectors, making it important to understand SQUID damping contributions. We describe a helium dip probe and two-stage SQUID readout scheme used to probe SQUID damping effects. Measurements from this setup inform the design and operation of both future test platforms as well as next-generation dark-matter experiments.

Published
2023
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34. Digital and Analog Electronics for an autonomous, deep-sea, Gamma Ray Burst Neutrino prototype detector

Author

Manolopoulos K., Belias A., Markou C., Rapidis P., and Kappos E.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

GRBNeT is a Gamma Ray Burst Neutrino Telescope made of autonomously operated arrays of deep-sea light detectors, anchored to the sea-bed without any cabled connection to the shore. This paper presents the digital and analog electronics that we have designed and developed for the GRBNeT prototype. We describe the requirements for these electronics and present their design and functionality. We present low-power analog electronics for the PMTs utilized in the GRBNeT prototype and the FPGA based digital system for data selection and storage. We conclude with preliminary performance measurements of the electronics systems for the GRBNeT prototype.

Published
2016
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35. GRBNeT – A prototype for an autonomous underwater neutrino detector

Author

Pikounis K., Markou C., Anassontzis E.G., Androulakis G., Bagatelas C., Balasi K., Belias A., Damianos P., Drakopoulou E., Kappos E., Manolopoulos K., Rapidis P., Tzamariudaki E., and Voulgaris G.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

GRBNeT is a project aiming at the detection of ultra–high energy neutrinos, for example neutrinos originating from Gamma Ray Bursts. The goal is to design, construct and deploy a prototype unit of an autonomous (data/energy–wise) neutrino detector. Being autonomous is crucial since for the detection of ultra–high energy neutrinos a very large volume of water is required. Large scale facilities such as IceCube and KM3NeT are designed to be more sensitive to galactic and diffuse flux neutrinos rather than extragalactic ultra–high energy neutrinos. However, their sensitivity to such neutrinos could be increased by placing around and at larger distances detectors such as the one of the GRBNeT project. This extension would increase the instrumented volume of neutrino telescopes to several cubic kilometres. In addition to that, as no cable connection to the shore is required, GRBNeT detection units cost significantly less than regular detection units and can become a cost effective extension of large scale facilities. For the GRBNeT prototype unit ultra low power electronics have been developed. The response to high energy neutrinos from GRBs and to the atmospheric muon background has been simulated.

Published
2016
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39. Nucleon structure functions from high energy neutrino interactions

Author

Oltman, E., Auchincloss, P., Blair, R. E., Haber, C., Mishra, S. R., Ruiz, M., Sciulli, F. J., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, W. H., Merritt, F. S., Oreglia, M. J., Reutens, P. G., Coleman, R., Fis, H. E., Levinthal, D., Marsh, W., Rapidis, P. A., White, H. B., Yovanovitch, D., Bodek, A., Borcherding, F., Giokaris, N., Lang, K., and Stockdale, I. E.

Published
1992
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40. A measurement of the neutral current electroweak parameters using the fermilab narrow band neutrino beam

Author

Reutens, P. G., Merritt, F. S., Oreglia, M. J., Auchincloss, P., Blair, R. E., Haber, C., Mishra, S. R., Oltman, E., Ruiz, M., Sciulli, F. J., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, W. H., Zhu, R., Coleman, R., Fisk, H. E., Jin, B., Kondo, T., Levinthal, D., Marsh, W., Rapidis, P. A., White, H. B., Yovanovitch, D., Bodek, A., Borcherding, F., Giokaris, N., Lang, K., and Stockdale, I. E.

Published
1990
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41. Measurement of the inclusive charged-current cross section for neutrino and antineutrino scattering on isoscalar nucleons

Author

Auchincloss, P. S., Blair, R., Haber, C., Oltman, E., Leung, W. C., Ruiz, M., Mishra, S. R., Quintas, P. Z., Sciulli, F. J., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, W. H., Merritt, F. S., Oreglia, M., Reutens, P., Coleman, R., Fisk, H. E., Levinthal, D., Yovanovitch, D. D., Marsh, W., Rapidis, P. A., White, H. B., Bodek, A., Borcherding, F., Giokaris, N., Lang, K., and Stockdale, I. E.

Published
1990
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42. Evidence for Anomalous Lepton Production in e+−e− Annihilation

Author

Perl, M. L., primary, Abrams, G. S., additional, Boyarski, A. M., additional, Breidenbach, M., additional, Briggs, D. D., additional, Bulos, F., additional, Chinowsky, W., additional, Dakin, J. T., additional, Feldman, G. J., additional, Friedberg, C. E., additional, Fryberger, D., additional, Goldhaber, G., additional, Hanson, G., additional, Heile, F. B., additional, Jean-Marie, B., additional, Kadyk, J. A., additional, Larsen, R. R., additional, Litke, A. M., additional, Lüke, D., additional, Lulu, B. A., additional, Lüth, V., additional, Lyon, D., additional, Morehouse, C. C., additional, Paterson, J. M., additional, Pierre, F. M., additional, Pun, T. P., additional, Rapidis, P. A., additional, Richter, B., additional, Sadoulet, B., additional, Schwitters, R. F., additional, Tanenbaum, W., additional, Trilling, G. H., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, Whitaker, J. S., additional, Winkelmann, F. C., additional, and Wiss, J. E., additional

Published
1995
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44. Results from irradiation tests on D0 Run 2a silicon detectors at the Radiation Damage Facility at Fermilab

Author

Gardner, J., primary, Cerber, C., additional, Ke, Z., additional, Korjanevsky, S., additional, Leflat, A., additional, Lehner, F., additional, Lipton, R., additional, Lackey, J., additional, Merkin, M., additional, Rapidis, P., additional, Rykalin, V., additional, Shabalina, E., additional, Spiegel, L., additional, Stutte, L., additional, and Webber, B., additional

Published
2006
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48. SVX4 User's manual

Author

Christofek, L., primary, Hanagaki, K., additional, Hoff, J., additional, Kreiger, B., additional, Rapidis, P., additional, Garcia-Sciveres, M., additional, Utes, M., additional, Weber, M., additional, Yarema, R., additional, and Zimmerman, T., additional

Published
2005
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49. Report of the APS Neutrino Study Reactor Working Group

Author

Abouzaid, E., primary, Anderson, K., additional, Barenboim, G., additional, Berger, B., additional, Blucher, E., additional, Bolton, T., additional, Choubey, S., additional, Conrad, J., additional, Formaggio, J., additional, Freedman, S., additional, Finely, D., additional, Fisher, P., additional, Fujikawa, B., additional, Gai, M., additional, Goodman, M., additional, de Goueva, A., additional, Hadley, N., additional, Hahn, R., additional, Horton-Smith, G., additional, Kadel, R., additional, Kayser, B., additional, Heeger, K., additional, Klein, J., additional, Learned, J., additional, Lindner, M., additional, Link, J., additional, Luk, K.-B., additional, McKeown, R., additional, Mocioiu, I., additional, Mohapatra, R., additional, Naples, D., additional, Peng, J., additional, Petcov, S., additional, Pilcher, J., additional, Rapidis, P., additional, Reyna, D., additional, Shaevitz, M., additional, Shrock, R., additional, Stanton, N., additional, Stefanski, R., additional, Yamamoto, R., additional, and Worcester, M., additional

Published
2004
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50. White paper report on using nuclear reactors to search for a value of theta13

Author

Anderson, K., primary, Anjos, J.C., additional, Ayres, D., additional, Beacom, J., additional, Bediaga, I., additional, de Bellefon, A., additional, Berger, B.E., additional, Bilenky, S., additional, Blucher, E., additional, Bolton, T., additional, Buck, C., additional, Bugg, W., additional, Busenitz, J., additional, Choubey, S., additional, Conrad, J., additional, Cribier, M., additional, Dadoun, O., additional, Dalnoki-Veress, F., additional, Decowski, M., additional, de Gouvea, Andre, additional, Demutrh, D., additional, Dessages-Ardellier, F., additional, Efremenko, Y., additional, von Feilitzsch, F., additional, Finley, D., additional, Formaggio, J.A., additional, Freedman, S.J., additional, Fujikawa, B.K., additional, Garbini, M., additional, Giusti, P., additional, Goger-Neff, M., additional, Goodman, M., additional, Gray, F., additional, Grieb, C., additional, Grudzinski, J.J., additional, Guarino, V.J., additional, Hartmann, F., additional, Hagner, C., additional, Heeger, K.M., additional, Hofmann, W., additional, Horton-Smith, G., additional, Huber, P., additional, Inzhechik, L., additional, Jochum, J., additional, Jostlein, H., additional, Kadel, R., additional, Kamyshkov, Y., additional, Kaplan, D., additional, Kasper, P., additional, de Kerret, H., additional, Kersten, J., additional, Klein, J., additional, Knopfle, K.T., additional, Kopeikin, V., additional, Kozlov, Yu., additional, Kryn, D., additional, Kuchler, V., additional, Kuze, M., additional, Lachenmaier, T., additional, Lasserre, T., additional, Laughton, C., additional, Lendvai, C., additional, Li, J., additional, Lindner, M., additional, Link, J., additional, Longo, M., additional, Lu, Y.S., additional, Luk, K.B., additional, Ma, Y.Q., additional, Martemyanov, V.P., additional, Mauger, C., additional, Manghetti, H., additional, McKeown, R., additional, Mention, G., additional, Meyer, J.P., additional, Mikaelyan, L., additional, Minakata, H., additional, Naples, D., additional, Nunokawa, H., additional, Oberauer, L., additional, Obolensky, M., additional, Parke, S., additional, Petcov, S.T., additional, Peres, O.L.G., additional, Potzel, W., additional, Pilcher, J., additional, Plunkett, R., additional, Raffelt, G., additional, Rapidis, P., additional, Reyna, D., additional, Roe, B., additional, Rolinec, M., additional, Sakamoto, Y., additional, Sartorelli, G., additional, Schonert, S., additional, Schwertz, T., additional, Selvi, M., additional, Shaevitz, M., additional, Shellard, R., additional, Shrock, R., additional, Sidwell, R., additional, Sims, J., additional, Sinev, V., additional, Stanton, N., additional, Stancu, I., additional, Stefanski, R., additional, Seukane, F., additional, Sugiyama, H., additional, Sukhotin, S., additional, Sumiyoshi, T., additional, Svoboda, R., additional, Talaga, R., additional, Tamura, N., additional, Tanimoto, M., additional, Thron, J., additional, von Toerne, E., additional, Vignaud, D., additional, Wagner, C., additional, Wang, Y.F., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Winter, W., additional, Wong, H., additional, Yakushev, E., additional, Yang, C.G., additional, and Yasuda, O., additional

Published
2004
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