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5. Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses

Author

Twu, Olivia, Dessí, Daniele, Vu, Anh, Mercer, Frances, Stevens, Grant C, de Miguel, Natalia, Rappelli, Paola, Cocco, Anna Rita, Clubb, Robert T, Fiori, Pier Luigi, and Johnson, Patricia J

Subjects
Urologic Diseases, Aging, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Rare Diseases, Prostate Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Conserved Sequence, Humans, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors, Macrophages, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protozoan Proteins, Sequence Homology, Trichomonas Infections, Trichomonas vaginalis
Abstract

The human-infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. We have found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (HuMIF), a proinflammatory cytokine. Because HuMIF is reported to be elevated in prostate cancer and inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancers, we have explored a role for TvMIF in prostate cancer. Here, we show that TvMIF has tautomerase activity, inhibits macrophage migration, and is proinflammatory. We also demonstrate that TvMIF binds the human CD74 MIF receptor with high affinity, comparable to that of HuMIF, which triggers activation of ERK, Akt, and Bcl-2-associated death promoter phosphorylation at a physiologically relevant concentration (1 ng/mL, 80 pM). TvMIF increases the in vitro growth and invasion through Matrigel of benign and prostate cancer cells. Sera from patients infected with T. vaginalis are reactive to TvMIF, especially in males. The presence of anti-TvMIF antibodies indicates that TvMIF is released by the parasite and elicits host immune responses during infection. Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven inflammation and cell proliferation, thus triggering pathways that contribute to the promotion and progression of prostate cancer.

Published
2014

8. Trichomonas

Author

Fiori, Pier Luigi, Rappelli, Paola, Dessì, Daniele, Hirt, Robert, Gould, Sven, Tachezy, Jan, Hrdy, Ivan, Walochnik, Julia, editor, and Duchêne, Michael, editor

Published
2016
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9. Patterns of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma hominisendosymbiont of Trichomonas vaginalisand the influence of bacterial intracellular location on drug susceptibility

Author

Margarita, Valentina, Carboni, Gavino, Diaz, Nicia, Rappelli, Paola, and Fiori, Pier Luigi

Abstract

•M. hominis isolates from T. vaginalis were resistant to C-14 and C15 macrolide members but susceptible to josamycin, followed by quinolone members groups.•The incidence rate of M. hominis resistant to erythromycin, roxithromycin and clarythromycin was higher in endosymbiotic strains.•The intracellular location of M. hominis seems to influence the susceptibility of tetracycline.•In pregnant women, T. vaginalis presence should be done as routine control since M. hominis endosymbionts exhibited the high prevalence rate of resistant to macrolides.

Published
2023
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13. Effect of the Symbiosis with Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma Girerdii on Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole Susceptibility

Author

Margarita, Valentina, primary, Cao, Le Chi, additional, Bailey, Nicholas P., additional, Ngoc, Thuy Ha Thi, additional, Ngo, Thi Minh Chau, additional, Nu, Phuong Anh Ton, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Dessì, Daniele, additional, Hirt, Robert P., additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, and Rappelli, Paola, additional

Published
2022
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14. Myrtle-Functionalized Nanofibers Modulate Vaginal Cell Population Behavior While Counteracting Microbial Proliferation

Author

Bellu, Emanuela, primary, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Kralovič, Martin, additional, Divin, Radek, additional, Sarais, Giorgia, additional, Fadda, Angela, additional, Satta, Rosanna, additional, Montesu, Maria Antonia, additional, Medici, Serenella, additional, Brunetti, Antonio, additional, Barcessat, Ana Rita Pinheiro, additional, Jarošíková, Taťána, additional, Rulc, Jiří, additional, Amler, Evzen, additional, Margarita, Valentina, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, and Maioli, Margherita, additional

Published
2022
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17. Arginine metabolism in Trichomonas vaginalis infected with Mycoplasma hominis

Author

Morada, Mary, Manzur, Mafruha, Lam, Brian, Tan, Cho, Tachezy, Jan, Rappelli, Paola, Dessi, Daniele, Fiori, Pier L., and Yarlett, Nigel

Subjects
Arginine -- Properties, Trichomonas vaginalis -- Health aspects, Mycoplasma -- Health aspects, Microbial metabolism -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Both Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis utilize arginine as an energy source via the arginine dihydrolase (ADH) pathway. It has been previously demonstrated that M. hominis forms a stable intracellular relationship with T. vaginalis; hence, in this study we examined the interaction of two localized ADH pathways by comparing T. vaginalis strain SS22 with the laboratory-generated T. vaginalis strain SS22-MOZ2 infected with M. hominis MOZ2. The presence of M. hominis resulted in an approximately 16-fold increase in intracellular ornithine and a threefold increase in putrescine, compared with control T. vaginalis cultures. No change in the activity of enzymes of the ADH pathway could be demonstrated in SS22-MOZ2 compared with the parent SS22, and the increased production of ornithine could be attributed to the presence of M. hominis. Using metabolic flow analysis it was determined that the elasticity of enzymes of the ADH pathway in SS22-MOZ2 was unchanged compared with the parent SS22; however, the elasticity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in SS22 was small, and it was doubled in SS22-MOZ2 cells. The potential benefit of this relationship to both T. vaginalis and M. hominis is discussed. DOI 10.1099/mic.0.042192-0

Published
2010

21. Trichomonas vaginalis Pathobiology

Author

Hirt, Robert P., primary, de Miguel, Natalia, additional, Nakjang, Sirintra, additional, Dessi, Daniele, additional, Liu, Yuk-Chien, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, Acosta-Serrano, Alvaro, additional, Fiori, Pier-Luigi, additional, and Mottram, Jeremy C., additional

Published
2011
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23. Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Rhizomes and Whole Plant of Hornstedtia bella Škorničk

Author

Donadu, Matthew Gavino, primary, Trong Le, Nhan, additional, Viet Ho, Duc, additional, Quoc Doan, Tuan, additional, Tuan Le, Anh, additional, Raal, Ain, additional, Usai, Marianna, additional, Marchetti, Mauro, additional, Sanna, Giuseppina, additional, Madeddu, Silvia, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Molicotti, Paola, additional, Carta, Antonio, additional, Piras, Sandra, additional, Usai, Donatella, additional, Thi Nguyen, Hoai, additional, Cappuccinelli, Piero, additional, and Zanetti, Stefania, additional

Published
2020
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25. Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Leaves of Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum and Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle

Author

Trong Le, Nhan, primary, Viet Ho, Duc, additional, Quoc Doan, Tuan, additional, Tuan Le, Anh, additional, Raal, Ain, additional, Usai, Donatella, additional, Sanna, Giuseppina, additional, Carta, Antonio, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Cappuccinelli, Piero, additional, Zanetti, Stefania, additional, Thi Nguyen, Hoai, additional, and Donadu, Matthew Gavino, additional

Published
2020
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26. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam

Author

Trong Le, Nhan, primary, Viet Ho, Duc, additional, Quoc Doan, Tuan, additional, Tuan Le, Anh, additional, Raal, Ain, additional, Usai, Donatella, additional, Madeddu, Silvia, additional, Marchetti, Mauro, additional, Usai, Marianna, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Zanetti, Stefania, additional, Thi Nguyen, Hoai, additional, Cappuccinelli, Piero, additional, and Donadu, Matthew Gavino, additional

Published
2020
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33. Escherichia coli and enteritis in Angola

Author

Calundungo, Rosaria, Maddau, Giuseppe, Rappelli, Paola, Cappuccinelli, Piero, Leite, Filomena, Francisco, Moises, and Colombo, Mauro.

Published
1994

34. Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis : new tales of two old friends.

Author

Dessì, Daniele, Margarita, Valentina, Cocco, Anna Rita, Marongiu, Alessandra, Fiori, Pier Luigi, and Rappelli, Paola

Subjects
TRICHOMONAS vaginalis, MYCOPLASMA, SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, BACTERIAL diseases, EPITHELIAL cells, MYCOPLASMATALES
Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protist, responsible for the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection in humans. One of the most intriguing aspects of T. vaginalis pathobiology is the complex relationship with intracellular microbial symbionts: a group of dsRNA viruses belonging to family of Totiviridae (T. vaginalis virus), and eubacteria belonging to the Mycoplasma genus, in particular M ycoplasma hominis. Both microorganisms seem to strongly influence the lifestyle of T. vaginalis , suggesting a role of the symbiosis in the high variability of clinical presentation and sequelae during trichomoniasis. In the last few years many aspects of this unique symbiotic relationship have been investigated: M. hominis resides and replicates in the protozoan cell, and T. vaginalis is able to pass the bacterial infection to both mycoplasma-free protozoan isolates and human epithelial cells; M. hominis synergistically upregulates the proinflammatory response of human monocytes to T. vaginalis. Furthermore, the influence of M. hominis over T. vaginalis metabolism and physiology has been characterized. The identification of a novel species belonging to the class of Mollicutes (Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii) exclusively associated to T. vaginalis opens new perspectives in the research of the complex series of events taking place in the multifaceted world of the vaginal microbiota, both under normal and pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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36. Genotypic and phenotypic features of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in industrialized and developing countries

Author

Santona, Simona, Diaz, Nicia Maria Luisa Eugenia, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Francisco, Moises, Sidat, Mohsin, Cappuccinelli, Pietro Antonio, and Rappelli, Paola

Subjects
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, MED/07 Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica
Abstract

Introduction: Typical EPEC are considered a leading cause of diarrhoea in developing countries, while atypical EPEC have been isolated more frequently in developed areas. The actual geographic distribution of the two EPEC subgroups is controversial, since data can be highly influenced by laboratory resources. This study aimed to compare the distribution of typical and atypical EPEC among children in developed and developing countries, and to characterize the bacterial isolates, using a unique methodological approach. Methodology: A total of 1,049 E. coli were isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea in Mozambique, Angola and Italy, and processed by PCR to assess the presence of a large panel of virulence genes. All isolates classified as EPEC were further characterized by evaluating adherence and capability to induce actin rearrangement on Hep-2 cells. Results: Overall we isolated 59 EPEC, likewise distributed in the three countries, representing the 5.04%, 4.44% and 6.97% of all Mozambican, Angolan and Italian isolates, respectively. Nevertheless, the geographic distribution of the two EPEC subgroups was not homogeneous: in Italy we isolated 28 aEPEC but no tEPEC, while in Angola and Mozambique the percentage of the two subgroups was comparable. Twelve atypical EPEC were FAS positive and able to induce localized-like adherence on Hep-2 cells, but no correlation with the geographic origin of isolates was observed. Conclusion: Atypical EPEC are present in sub-Saharan areas in a percentage similar to that of typical strains, and are not mainly restricted to industrialized countries, as it was previously supposed.

Published
2013

49. Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses.

Author

Olivia Twu, Daniele Dessí, Anh Vu, Mercer, Frances, Stevens, Grant C., Miguel, Natalia de, Rappelli, Paola, Cocco, Anna Rita, Clubb, Robert T., Fiori, Pier Luigi, and Johnson, Patricia J.

Subjects
TRICHOMONAS vaginalis, CELLULAR immunity, CELL growth, CELL proliferation, BLOOD plasma, IMMUNE response, CANCER cells, MEDICAL sciences
Abstract

The human infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. We have found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (HuMIF), a proinflammatory cytokine. Because HuMIF is reported to be elevated in prostate cancer and inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancers, we have explored a role for TvMIF in prostate cancer. Here, we show that TvMIF has tautomerase activity, inhibits macrophage migration, and is proinflammatory. We also demonstrate that TvMIF binds the human CD74 MIF receptor with high affinity, comparable to that of HuMIF, which triggers activation of ERK, Akt, and Bcl-2 associated death promoter phosphorylation at a physiologically relevant concentration (1 ng/mL, 80 pM). TvMIF increases the in vitro growth and invasion through Matrigel of benign and prostate cancer cells. Sera from patients infected with T. vaginalis are reactive to TvMIF, especially in males. The presence of anti-TvMIF antibodies indicates that TvMIF is released by the parasite and elicits host immune responses during infection. Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven inflammation and cell proliferation, thus triggering pathways that contribute to the promotion and progression of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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