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1. Genomic diversity and population structure of Carniolan honey bee in its native habitat

Author

Boris Lukic, Nikola Raguz, Marin Kovačić, Ino Curik, Jana Obšteter, Janez Prešern, Jernej Bubnič, Ras Lužaić, Ivan Pihler, Goran Mirjanić, Marco Pietropaoli, and Zlatko Puškadija

Subjects
Apis mellifera carnica, Genomic diversity, Population structure, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Beekeeping, Conservation, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Research into the genetic diversity of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations has become increasingly significant in recent decades, primarily due to population declines attributed to human activities and climate change. As a species of great importance, breeding programs that leverage understanding of genomic diversity could offer solutions to mitigate these challenges. The objective of this study was to examine the genomic diversity and population structure of Carniolan honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) using the Illumina SNP chip on a large honey bee sample collected from Central and South-Eastern European countries. The study also aims to offer recommendations for future breeding programs. Results Our analysis involved Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC), heterozygosity, admixture analysis, fixation indices (FST), Neighbour-Joining tree, gene flow and Isolation-by-distance analysis. DAPC indicated distinct separation between the Carniolan and Italian honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) populations, whereas the admixture analysis revealed varying levels of gene flow and genetic admixture within the Carniolan honey bee populations, demonstrating closer relationships between specific geographic regions (confirmed by Isolation-by-distance analysis). Furthermore, the research of heterozygosity, genomic inbreeding, pairwise FST values, and Neighbour-Joining tree provided insights into the patterns of genetic differentiation and similarity among the populations of Carniolan honey bee within its natural habitat. We have observed genetic homogeneity of the Carniolan honey bee population when considered in a broader genetic/geographical context. However, the Carniolan honey bee has sufficient genetic diversity in its geographical home range that needs to be carefully monitored and maintained. Conclusions This study provides important insights into the genetic composition, differentiation, and relationships among Carniolan honey bee populations in Central and South-Eastern European countries. The findings are crucial for conservation efforts, breeding programs, and sustainable beekeeping practices. They emphasise the importance of considering genetic factors and population structure in the breeding and management of honey bees. By understanding these genetic relationships, we can develop strategies to preserve genetic diversity, improve breeding outcomes, and ensure the resilience of honey bee populations in the face of environmental changes and challenges. This knowledge can also inform policy makers and stakeholders on best practices to maintain healthy bee populations, which are vital for ecosystem services and agricultural productivity.

Published
2024
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2. A NEW FINDING OF THE EUROPEAN MUDMINNOW (Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792) IN CROATIA

Author

Dinko Jelkić, Anđelko Opačak, Siniša Ozimec, Senka Blažetić, Ras Lužaić, and Nevena Vukajlović

Subjects
Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Distribution of the European mudminnow, Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792, in Croatia is scarce with only few confirmed localities. In order to confirm presence of the European mudminnow in amelioration canal network along the Drava River an electrofishing was conducted in the small Mlinski canal. Ten specimen of European mudminnow were caught During sampling. Using ImageJ software a truss network was constructed between landmark points on photographs of caught specimens. Total body lengths of caught European mudminnow ranged from 61 to 100 mm (72.00±11.52 mm) whereas standard one ranged from 52 to 85 mm (60.30±10.08 mm). Body weight were relatively small ranging from 1.81 to 7.59 g (3.80±1.89 g), while the Fulton condition factor ranged from 0.76 to 1.23 (0.96±0.15). This new locality of the European mudminnow is situated about 50 km downstream from the last confirmed site in Croatia.

Published
2019
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3. Differences in Fatty Acid Profile and Physical-Chemical Composition of Slavonska slanina—Dry Cured Smoked Bacon Produced from Black Slavonian Pig and Modern Pigs

Author

Katarina Latin, Krešimir Mastanjević, Nikola Raguž, Mateja Bulaić, Ras Lužaić, Marija Heffer, and Boris Lukić

Subjects
fatty acid profile, dry cured bacon, physico-chemical composition, Black Slavonian Pig, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the psysico-chemical composition and fatty acid (FFA) profile of traditional dry cured bacon Slavonska slanina, produced from the authentic Black Slavonian Pig (BP) and modern pigs (MP), using traditional homemade principles. The samples of Slavonska slanina produced from BP had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher fat content (78.32%) than the samples produced from MP (46.47%), while the samples produced from MP showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein and moisture content. The samples produced from BP also showed lower aw and salt content but higher pH. Determination of fatty acid composition was performed at the end of the production process. The composition of fatty acids with respect to the groups of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids was determined, as well as the ratios n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA. The results of fatty acid composition determination of Slavonska slanina produced from BP and MP show that oleic acid (C18: 1n9) is the most dominant fatty acid from the MUFA group (47.02 and 46.25%), the most common SFA acid was palmitic acid (C16: 0) (23.44 and 24.96%), and PUFA linoleic acid (C18: 2n-6c) (10.76 and 9.74%). The genotype had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the SFA and USFA composition of Slavonska slanina. The ratios PUFA/SFA (0.34–0.28) and n-6/n-3 (31.84–27.34) for samples of Slavonska slanina produced from BP and MP are in concordance with previously published data for different dry cured meat products, and do not comply with the nutritionally recommended values of international health organizations (PUFA/SFA > 0.4 and n-6/n-3 < 4).

Published
2022
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4. A NEW FINDING OF THE EUROPEAN MUDMINNOW (Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792) IN CROATIA

Author

Ras Lužaić, Anđelko Opačak, Dinko Jelkić, Senka Blažetić, Siniša Ozimec, and N. Vukajlović

Subjects
Fishery, Geography, biology, Computer software, European mudminnow, Aquatic animal, lcsh:SB1-1110, lcsh:Agriculture (General), lcsh:Plant culture, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, lcsh:S1-972, Aquatic organisms
Abstract

Distribution of the European mudminnow, Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792, in Croatia is scarce with only few confirmed localities. In order to confirm presence of the European mudminnow in amelioration canal network along the Drava River an electrofishing was conducted in the small Mlinski canal. Ten specimen of European mudminnow were caught During sampling. Using ImageJ software a truss network was constructed between landmark points on photographs of caught specimens. Total body lengths of caught European mudminnow ranged from 61 to 100 mm (72.00±11.52 mm) whereas standard one ranged from 52 to 85 mm (60.30±10.08 mm). Body weight were relatively small ranging from 1.81 to 7.59 g (3.80±1.89 g), while the Fulton condition factor ranged from 0.76 to 1.23 (0.96±0.15). This new locality of the European mudminnow is situated about 50 km downstream from the last confirmed site in Croatia.

Published
2019

5. POSJEĆENOST SUNCOKRETA (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) MEDONOSNOM PČELOM (APIS MELLIFERA L.) U AGRO-EKO SUSTAVU BARANJE

Author

Ras Lužaić, Zlatko Puškadija, Tihomir Florijančić, Anđelko Opačak, Ivica Bošković, Dinko Jelkić, Ras Lužaić, Zlatko Puškadija, Tihomir Florijančić, Anđelko Opačak, Ivica Bošković, and Dinko Jelkić

Abstract

Istraživanje prikazuje posjećenost suncokreta medonosnom pčelom (Apis mellifera carnica) a obavljeno je na poljskom pokusu u slučajnom blok rasporedu koji je obuhvatio 6 hibrida merkantilnog suncokreta (Helianthus annuus L.), najviše zastupljenih na poljima kontinentalne Hrvatske. Mjerenje se provodilo na 100, 200 i 300 metara od košnica. Tijekom mjerenja uočena je različita atraktivnost pojedinog hibrida u pokusu za medonosnu pčelu. Statističkom je analizom utvrđena signifikantna razlika između hibrida H2, kod kojeg je utvrđena najmanja posjećenost, i hibrida H4 kod kojeg je ona bila najveća. Nadalje, analiza podataka je pokazala da je najmanja posjećenost pčelom bila na udaljenosti 200 m od košnica. Na udaljenostima 100 i 300 metara nije bilo veće razlike. Ujedno je bio uočen vrlo mali broj prirodnih oprašivača, što je indikator znatnog smanjenja njihove populacije u agro-eko sustavu Baranje. Tijekom cvatnje suncokreta medonosna pčela zabilježena je kao najzastupljeniji oprašivač. Evidentirana je u 99,53 % mjerenja obavljenih tijekom pokusa, bumbari (Bombus spp.) su evidentirani u 0,32 % mjerenja, dok je muha Volucella zonaria (Poda, 1761) evidentirana u 0,15 % mjerenja. Klimatske prilike tijekom cvatnje suncokreta bile su pogodne za aktivnost pčele (temp. 19,9 - 27,5 °C, relativna vlažnost zraka 65-88% i 16,1 mm oborina tijekom tri dana)., The current research investigates attendance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). The research was conducted in a field experiment in random block arrangement which included 6 most represented hybrids of mercantile sunflower on fields of continental Croatia. Measurement was conducted at 100, 200 and 300 meters distance from beehives. During the investigation different attractiveness of each hybrid for honeybee was observed. Statistical analyses showed statistically significant difference between the hybrid H2, which was the least attended, and the hybrid H4, which was the most attended. Data analysis also showed that honeybees attended the least sunflowers which were 200m distant from hives. At 100 and 300 m distance no statistically significant differences were found. Honeybee was estimated as the most represented pollinator of sunflower during the blooming period: it was recorded in 99.53% of measurement; bumblebee (Bombus spp.) was recorded in 0.32% of measurement, while the fly Volucella zonaria was recorded in 0.15% of measurement. Very small number of natural pollinators observed is an indicator of significant decrease of their population in the agro-eco system of Baranja County.

Published
2008

6. Trošenje mlaznica izrađenih od mesinga

Author

Banaj, Đuro, Tadić, Vjekoslav, Banaj, Željka, and Sonja Marić, Zdenko Lončarić, Tihomir Florijančić, Ras Lužaić

Subjects
mlaznica, mesing, aplikacija pesticida, trošenje mlaznice
Abstract

U novije vrijeme kod intenzivne poljoprivrede, aplikacija pesticida postaje veliki problem zbog potrebe smanjenja doza pesticida, i treba joj davati više značaja. Ovaj problem zemlje EU već su zakonski riješile a sada je red na Hrvatskoj da uvede promjene u svom zakonodavstvu. U ovom istraživanju cilj je bio odrediti vrijeme koje je potrebno da se mlaznice izrađene od mesinga istroše gledano preko parametra protoke koji je određen po europskim standardima. Pravilnim utvrđivanjem ovog vremena utječemo na pravilnu aplikaciju pesticida, njegovu pravilnu raspodjelu po površini, smanjenje količine sredstva i čitav drugi niz pogodnosti. Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo da mlaznice tvrtke Kovin , oznake 110- 04, mogu poprskati 3000 ha ili imati 180 radnih sati prije nego što prijeđu granicu istrošenosti od 5-10 %, preko parametra protoke, zavisno o različitim europskim standardima. Koristeći mlaznice izrađene od drugih otpornijih materijala broj radnih sati može biti i 27 puta veći. Također, ako se mlaznice kupuju kod renomiranih europskih proizvođača možemo očekivati da će mlaznice duže biti ispravne nego da su proizvedene negdje na domaćem tržištu.

Published
2009

7. Provjera rada rasipača tvrtke Bogballe

Author

Tadić, Vjekoslav, Banaj, Đuro, Banaj, Željka, Crnjac, Miljenko, and Sonja Marić, Zdenko Lončarić, Tihomir Florijančić, Ras Lužaić

Subjects
Površinska raspodjela gnojiva, centrifugalni rasipač Bogballe, mineralna gnojiva
Abstract

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja kvalitete rada centrifugalnog rasipača tvrtke Bogballe tipske oznake ” L” (L2+). Istraživanja su provedena u poljskim uvjetima rada uz osiguranje svih potrebnih meteoroloških uvjeta s obzirom na temperaturu (>18°C) i relativnu vlagu zraka (< 60%). Gnojivo NPK formulacije 7:20:30 ima 91, 54% granula u rasponu od 1, 1 do 5 mm, a URE-a čak 98, 77% granula promjera od 1, 1 do 3, 0 mm. Istraživanja su obavljena pri 8 km/h i raspodjeli 400 kg/ha-1 NPK formulacije 7:20:30, odnosno 170 kg/ha-1 gnojiva URE-e. Nakon provedenih vaganja granula sakupljenim u ispitnim kutijama dobiven je koeficijent površinske raspodjele masa od 6, 60% kod gnojiva NPK formulacije 7:20:30 i 10, 56% s gnojivom UREE-a. Raspodjelu mljevenog vidroliziranog vapna ovim rasipačem nismo mogli ostvariti radi velikog udjela materijala promjera ispod 3mm. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata rasipač tvrtke Bogballe tipske oznake ” L” može se svrstati u kategoriju odličnih rasipača kojeg preporučujemo za primjenu na našim površinama.

Published
2009

8. Širina mlaza i raspodjela tekućine kod tri nove mlaznice različitih proizvođača

Author

Đuro Banaj, Vjekoslav Tadić, Željka Banaj, Dominika Crnjac and prof.dr.sc. Sonja Marić, prof.dr.sc. Zdenko Lončarić, doc.dr.sc. Tihomir Florijančić, Ras Lužaić, dipl.ing.

Subjects
mlaznica, stvarna širina prskanja, teorijska širina prskanja, visina prskanja, raspodjela tekućine
Abstract

U ovom ispitivanju provjeravana je kvaliteta mlaznica preko količine tekućine koje isprskavaju pod određenim tlakom i protokom, te teorijskom širinom prskanja kod visine prskanja od 50 cm (kod Wiscom mlaznice 30 cm). Tlak je podešen na 2 bara, protok 1, 3 (kod Lechler mlaznice) 1, 48 l/min (kod Leško mlaznice) i 0, 98 l/min (kod Wiscom mlaznice), radni kutovi na 110° i 120°, ovisno od mlaznice, i razmakom mlaznica na krilu prskalice od 50 cm. Kod mlaznice Lechler LU 120-04 kod radnog tlaka 2 bara, protoka 1, 3 l/min, udaljenost mlaznica jedna od druge je 50 cm te visine prskanja od 50 cm dobivena je prosječna količina tekućine od 7, 48 ml uz KV od 45, 71%, a oblik grafikona je piramidalan. Stvarna širina prskanja u ovom slučaju je iznosila 120 cm. Kad bi se ti mlazovi preklopili kako je zapravo raspodjela tekućine na krilu prskalice dobila bi se količina tekućine od 14, 94 ml uz KV od 3, 67 %. Kod mlaznice Leško 110-04 kod radnog tlaka 2 bara, protoka 1, 3 l/min, udaljenost mlaznica jedna od druge 50 cm te visine prskanja od 50 cm dobivena je prosječna količina tekućine od 7, 54 ml uz KV od 44, 24%, a oblik grafikona je u obliku nepravilne (krnje) piramide. Stvarna širina prskanja u ovom slučaju je iznosila 70 cm. Kad bi se ti mlazovi preklopili kako je zapravo raspodjela tekućine na krilu prskalice dobili smo količinu tekućine od 10, 45 ml uz KV od 28, 44 %. Kod mlaznice Wiscom 110-03 kod radnog tlaka 2 bara, protoka 0, 97 l/min, udaljenost mlaznica jedna od druge 50 cm te visine prskanja od 30 cm dobivena je prosječna količina tekućine od 23, 62 ml uz KV od 133.31%, a oblik grafikona je nepravilan. Stvarna širina prskanja u ovom slučaju je iznosila 83 cm. Kad bi se ti mlazovi preklopili kako je zapravo raspodjela tekućine na krilu prskalice dobila bi se količina tekućine od 36, 11 ml uz KV od 66, 14 %.

Published
2009

9. Istraživanje ujednačenosti površinske raspodjele tekućine ratarskih prskalica

Author

Banaj, Đuro, Tadić, Vjekoslav, Banaj, Željka, Menđušić, Ivan, Duvnjak, Ivan, and Sonja Marić, Zdenko Lončarić, Tihomir Florijančić, Ras Lužaić

Subjects
ratarska prskalica, površinska raspodjela, kapacitet crpke, mlaznice
Abstract

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvalitete rada 6 prskalice tvrtke Metalna iz Maribora iz usvojenog proizvodnog programa njemačke tvrtke RAU i 4 originalne RAU prskalice. Ispitivane traktorske vučene prskalice predstavljaju suvremene dobro koncipirane strojeve sve do onog trenutka dok im se ne naruši ugrađeni eksploatacijski potencijal. Na ispitivanim prskalicama ugrađene su crpke polučile eksploatacijsko - korisni učinak ( e) od 81, 5 do 96, 1%. Ugrađene crpke raspolažu dobrim kapacitetom te ih nije potrebno mijenjati ili popravljati. S obzirom na pravilan izbor i korištenje mlaznica kod 60% prskalica utvrđeno je da su na istom krilu prskalice ugrađene mlaznice različitih nazivnih protoka, što neminovno dovodi do pogreške pri prskanju. Ujednačena površinska raspodjela zaštitnog sredstva unutar granice od  15% utvrđena je samo kod dvije prskalice. Kod pet prskalice koeficijent varijacije iznosio je >20% te ih je svrstao u kategoriju prskalica s lošom raspodjelom. Samo tri prskalica imale su koeficijent varijacije između 17, 64 i 19, 34% što predstavlja minimalno zadovoljavajuću raspodjelu tekućine.

Published
2009

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