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Introduction: The Driving Behaviour, Road Crash Involvement, Working Commute (MyDRIVE) questionnaire was developed to assess medical doctors' experience with road crash involvement. The objective of this research was to validate the driving behavioural component of MyDRIVE for medical practitioners in Malaysia. Method: This was a multi-stage study involving item specification, domain specification and domain assessment. Following item pools among the experts, Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) members and their contacts who are partially or fully registered with the Malaysian Medical Council (MMC) were surveyed via an online questionnaire between April 2020 and May 2021. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done with 150 participants and 824 participants, respectively on separate analysis to ensure the factor validity. We examined the standardized loadings, AVE and CR to determine the convergent validity. The discriminant validity was tested through the Fornell-Larcker matrix. Reliability analysis was performed through Cronbach alpha and composite reliability. Results: EFA resulted in reduction of items from 44 items to 23 items with six constructs. Composite reliability (CR) revealed all domains have a CR of above 0.7, except for Driving Under Alcohol Influence (DAI) (0.605). The remaining factors are Distracted Mind & Negative Emotion (DMNE) (0.843), Safe Driving Habit (SDH) (0.862), Fatigue Driving (FD) (0.903), Recreational & Prescribed Driving (RPD) (0.748), and Driving Under Influence of Caffeine (DCI) (0.836). For discriminant validity the square root of AVE for all constructs were greater than its correlations with other latent constructs. Conclusion: Our study finds the driving behavioural component of the MyDRIVE questionnaire among the Malaysian medical doctors to have good reliability and validity. Future studies should consider using MyDRIVE's driving behaviour component to assess driving behaviour among doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The number of patients diagnosed with hypertension among the population is rising rapidly. Its inherent risk of mortality is a grave cause of concern. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, practices and awareness on hypertension and associated factors among students and staff in the FMHS, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Methods A cross sectional study was done at the FMHS, Universiti Putra Malaysia for 17 weeks duration in 2020. Through stratified random sampling, students and staff selected from the faculty answered a questionnaire distributed in Google Documents form via Whatsapp. The data was analyzed using the SPSS v25. Results 340 students and 87 staff participated in our study. Overall, majority of the students and staffs demonstrated a good level of knowledge, attitude, practice and awareness of hypertension. In multivariate analysis, ethnicity shows a significant association with awareness among students. There was significant association between age with the level of practice of hypertension among staff, and between the field of staff with the level of practice and awareness of hypertension among the staff in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Majority of the students and staffs demonstrated a good level of knowledge, attitude, practices and awareness among both staffs and students. This augurs well for this current and future health professionals in their battle in reducing the prevalence of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND There have been vague reports on road crash involvement (RCI) affecting medical doctors with limited studies on its' prevalence. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of RCI among medical doctors. METHODS Four databases, SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE and Medline were systematically searched from their inception date till October 2020. Eligible studies including cross sectional studies, review articles and press reports in English underwent a systematic search to determine which articles reported on the prevalence and associated factors of RCI amongst medical doctors. Two sets of 2 independent reviewers screened the references in two steps: abstract screening, followed by full text review. The checklist Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used for quality assessment of the studies. RESULTS 599 articles were retrieved, of which 27 articles were removed after duplicate screening. The remaining 572 articles were further assessed and only 4 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The RCI prevalence among medical doctors worldwide ranged from 7.9%-24.6%. Factors associated with increased risk of RCI include lack of sleep and fatigue related to long working hours. Other associated factors include number of years in residency, number of weekly working hours, weight gain, tendency to fall asleep while driving, hypertension, absence of breaks, inadequate rest facilities, tolerance towards shiftwork, capacity to overcome sleepiness, and quantity of night shifts worked per month. CONCLUSION The prevalence of RCI among medical doctors is high. Further studies are needed to evaluate this emerging public health issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suspected depression and its associated factors among patients with hypertension in a Malaysian primary care clinic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic from 1 June to 31 August 2019 using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: The prevalence of suspected depression was 9.0%. The significant predictors of depression were Indian ethnicity (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 2.373; confidence interval [CI]: 1.147-4.907), divorce (AOR: 3.5; CI: 1.243-9.860), singleness (AOR: 2.241; CI: 1.182-4.251), heavy episodic drinking (AOR: 7.343; CI: 2.494-21.624), low physical activity level (AOR: 1.921; CI: 1.093-2.274), low fibre intake (AOR: 1.836; CI: 1.061-3.178), uncontrolled blood pressure (AOR: 1.800; CI: 1.134-2.858) and presence of hypertension complications (AOR: 3.263; CI: 2.053-5.185). Conclusion: Primary health care providers must screen for depression among patients with hypertension, particularly those within high-risk groups, and implement interventions that address modifiable risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malaysian hypertension prevalence is high at 30% and is the highest risk factor for mortality. Good hypertension knowledge suggests a favourable outcome. Online sources are a popular method of obtaining information especially in young adults and during the pandemic. Our objective is to determine health information seeking online, use of social media, and hypertension knowledge among undergraduate students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FHMS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Random sampling was done. An online questionnaire with four sections: (1) socio-demographic data; (2) use of social media; (3) health information sought online; and (4) hypertension knowledge was used. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 using Independent T tests and one-way ANOVA to identify factors associated with hypertension knowledge. Results: Mean (SD) age of 286 respondents was 21(1.2) years. Most respondents were female, 207(73.1%), Malays, 177(61.9%) and taking the Medicine course 127(44.4) with a mean of 9.50(4.50) hours of internet usage daily. Many respondents 196(68.5%) looked for information on hypertension online. The mean score for hypertension knowledge was 8.32(1.46); classified as good knowledge. Hypertension knowledge was significantly associated with race (p<0.001), type of course (p<0.001), year of study (p<0.001) and type of health information searched online (p=0.010). Conclusion: We found significant better knowledge in Indians compared to Malays, medical students compared to biomedical sciences and occupational health, students in year 5 compared to years 1&2. Participants that searched on hypertension online had better knowledge on hypertension. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences (2022) 18(14)1-9. doi:10.47836/mjmhs18.s14.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigmatisation and discrimination adversely affect health outcomes in terms of timely diagnosis, treatment and care. Despite global efforts, they remain common among healthcare workers worldwide. In Malaysia, family medicine specialists are entrusted with the care of HIV patients at the primary care level. This study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge, acts of discrimination, stigmatising attitudes and their associated factors among family medicine trainees in Malaysia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 family medicine trainees in Malaysia using a validated, self-administered questionnaire that assessed the participants' sociodemographic information, HIV/AIDS knowledge, stigmatising attitudes (attitudes of blame, attitudes towards imposed measures, comfort in dealing with HIV patients) and acts of discrimination. Results: The most common stigmatisation was "attitudes of blame" (mean [SD] score: 3.0 (0.74); range score: 1-5), and the most frequent discriminatory act was breaching patient confidentiality (54.9%). Around 82.1% had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Married participants and participants who had 7 years or less in service were more stigmatising in "attitudes of imposed measures" towards people living with HIV (p=0.006). Conclusion: Family medicine trainees exhibited stigmatisation and discrimination towards HIV patients despite having good HIV knowledge. Hence, appropriate and concerted health education should be given to all family medicine trainees to eliminate stigmatisation and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite rapid advances in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) management, many healthcare professionals (HCPs) might not be aware of the latest recommended management of AIS patients. Therefore, we aimed to determine the level and factors associated with AIS management knowledge among Malaysian HCPs. Methods: This cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted nationwide among 627 HCPs in Malaysia using the Acute Stroke Management Questionnaire (ASMaQ). Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the relationship between the independent variables (age, gender, years of service, profession, work setting, work sector, seeing stroke patients in daily practice, and working with specialists) and the outcome variable (good vs poor knowledge). Results: Approximately 76% (95% CI [73–79%]) of HCPs had good overall knowledge of stroke. The highest proportion of HCPs with good knowledge was noted for General Stroke Knowledge (GSK) [88.5% (95% CI [86–91%])], followed by Advanced Stroke Management (ASM) [61.2% (95% CI [57–65%])] and Hyperacute Stroke Management (HSM) [58.1% (95% CI [54–62%])]. The odds of having poor knowledge of stroke were significantly higher among non-doctor HCPs [adjusted OR = 3.46 (95% CI [1.49–8.03]), P = 0.004]; among those not seeing stroke patients in daily practice [adjusted OR = 2.67 (95% CI [1.73–4.10]), P < 0.001]; and among those working without specialists [adjusted OR = 2.41 (95% CI [1.38–4.18]), P = 0.002]. Conclusions: Stroke education should be prioritised for HCPs with limited experience and guidance. All HCPs need to be up-to-date on the latest AIS management and be able to make a prompt referral to an appropriate facility. Therefore, more stroke patients will benefit from advanced stroke care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online activities have become the norm. From searching for new information to conducting business meetings, social media's role in daily life continues to grow in prominence. It is estimated that the majority of the population uses social media, and users include doctors and other healthcare professionals. It is critical for primary care doctors to note how social media can substantially influence one's healthcare behaviour and decision making. Because primary care doctors are usually the first line of contact for patients, they are the most easily accessible and most instrumental in using social media to steer the public toward proper information on healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetic control depends partially on self-management. Diabetes self-care is reported to be a strong predictor of glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Factors contributing to better self-care include self-efficacy and social support. We aim to determine effects of these factors on glucose control in T2DM patients in a primary care clinic. Methods: This study utilised data from a bigger study looking into factors affecting social support and self-efficacy and their correlation in T2DM patients. This study was done among 329 T2DM patients attending a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia between November 2013- January 2014. Systematic random sampling was used. Instruments used were the MOS Social Support Survey and the Diabetic Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES). Patients' socio-demographic data and glucose monitoring records were obtained. The association between social support and self-efficacy with blood glucose control was determined using logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 54.6 (+11.2), mostly female (55.3%) and Malay ethnicity (63.5%). Being older and retired were predictors for good glucose control (OR=1.05,p=0.01 and OR=2.2,p=0.023) respectively. There is also significant correlations between number of close friends/relatives with social support and self-efficacy (r=0.162,p=0.030 and r=0.190,p=0.01) respectively. The correlation of social support and self-efficacy with HbA1c levels are r= -0.044(p=0.426) and r= -0.08(p= 0.744) respectively. Conclusion: There were no correlations between social support and self-efficacy with the level of HbA1c among patients with T2DM in this study. We found older aged and retired patients to have better HbA1c levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pregnancy is an extra-uterine pregnancy and is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to death from intra-peritoneal hemorrhage. This case reports a rare occurrence of ruptured tubal pregnancy in which the patient presented early with abdominal pain and a negative urine pregnancy test but subsequently presented again with evidence of intra-peritoneal hemorrhage. A negative urine pregnancy test is often used to rule out pregnancy, but it is not 100% sensitive. Complete assessment is critical in this important diagnosis in order to plan for the appropriate emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sleep is often viewed by the general public as a "perceptual hole in time" where it is the period in which nothing productive occurs. However, sleep is an important part of health which affects mental and physical health. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a range of respiratory disorders that are distinguished by intermittent pauses in breathing during the sleep cycle. This includes obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a global disease with a rising incidence along with its comorbidity. OSA creates an impact on the quality of life as it is associated with multiple negative implications which include neurocognitive problems and increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This article illustrates the importance to determine the proportion of patients in the district of Sepang who are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its determinants. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among individuals aged 18 years and above in Sepang district Malaysia. Using systematic random sampling, 521 participants were recruited. The questionnaire given gathered respondents information regarding their socio-demography, clinical profiles, and the STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to screen for OSA. Result: Almost a third of the participants (30.3%) were at risk of having OSA. It is found that the predictors for having OSA are menopausal women (AOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.93; p = 0.011) and having large waist circumference measurement (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04,1.10; p <0.001). Conclusion: The findings in this study will help healthcare workers to detect early patients at risk of OSA with the aid of STOP-BANG questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]