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The presence of oil contamination causes changes in mechanical properties of clayey soil trenches with low liquid limits (CL) such as stress-strain behavior, rupture plain position, plastic zone, and strain energy for soil trenches compared with uncontaminated soils. These changes usually lead to a lower factor of safety against failure and expansion of the plastic zone. The effects of crude oil contamination on the soil shear strength were evaluated by direct shear and plate load tests for various clays and sandy soils. In this research, a numerical finite element modeling in ABAQUS software was used to estimate the effect of oil contamination in the range of 0 to 16% (0%–4%–8%–12%–16%) on the stability safety factor of vertical clayey trenches with heights of 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, and 6 m, and the results were compared with results of a limit state analysis. The findings of the limit equilibrium method show that adding 4% of oil contamination to a clayey trench will decrease 62% of its critical depth. Also, the numerical analysis results show that adding oil contamination in the range of 0 to 16% to the clayey soil will increase the maximum displacements of the trenches to five times their clean state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is one of the main retrograde filling materials that is used today as a root end filling material and perforation repair material. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial and antifungal properties of four types of bio-ceramic materials, AGM MTA, Ortho MTA, Pro root MTA and Cem cement for oral and dental health. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial activity of four types of bio-ceramic materials against two bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATTC 35318) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATTC 10231) were investigated using the well diffusion method. Results: In the context of the relationship between the type of microorganism and the diameter of the growth inhibitory zone for each type of bio-ceramic material, there was no significant difference for Enterococcus faecalis, and a significant difference was observed for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that each of the bio-ceramic materials AGM, Pro root, Cem cement and Ortho have antibacterial and antifungal properties. AGM MTA bio-ceramic material on Candida albicans fungus and Ortho MTA bio-ceramic material had the most effect on Escherichia coli bacteria. Therefore, the mentioned bio-ceramic materials can play a significant role in oral and dental health by providing a suitable material for restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticle green synthesis is an emerging scientific field that focuses on the production of nanoparticles by living cells. In this work, the potential of extracts of alfalfa leaves (Medicago sativa) as affordable and fabricated zirconium nanoparticles (ZrNPs) was evaluated for the first time. alfalfa alcoholic extract and zirconium precursor were used to produce ZrNPs, the production and characteristics of nanoparticles were measured using the Tyndall effect, UV‐vis, FT‐IR, EDX, DLS, and SEM tests, antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and toxicity Measurement of nanoparticles on breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐468) and human healthy cells (HFF) was investigated. The optimization of nanoparticle production was evaluated with ANN and GN algorithms. The analysis showed that nanoparticles have spherical‐like ZrNPs shapes with an average of 50 nm size. in addition, ZrNPs have significant cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐468) cells, and Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells exhibited the highest resistance to ZrNPs. There was a significant agreement between the results of the designed ANN‐GA model and the experimental data. In this research, ZrNP was successfully created using alfalfa extract as a renewable source of stabilizing and reducing agents with an environmentally friendly approach, and they showed significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]