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Objective: To study the effect of RANKL inhibitor on serum FSH, LH and testosterone level in Letrozole induced rat model of PCOS. Study Design: Experimental Animal study. Setting: Thirty adult female Wistar Albino rats of 6-8 weeks of age with a weight range of 120-150 gm were recruited from the animal house of Baqai Medical University. Period: February 2022 till August 2022. Material & Methods: The rats were randomly divided into A, B, and C groups and each contained 10 rats. Group A was considered ass control while Group B served as Letrozole induced PCOS group and Group C served as RANKL inhibitor group. Letrozole dissolved in 0.1% CMC and was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg orally for 21 days to induce PCOS. RANKL inhibitor (Denosumab) was given 0.25 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously for 4 weeks after the induction of PCOS i.e from 21 days to 50th days. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from intra cardiac puncture and analyzed through ELISA. Results: Mean serum level of LH and testosterone level were significantly higher (P<0.001) in Letrozole-treated PCOs group which was significantly decreased (P<0.001) in Denosumab treated animals but significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group. Whereas, mean serum FSH level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the Letrozoletreated group which was significantly increased in Denosumab treated animals but significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control group. Conclusion: RANKL inhibitor could prevent the hormonal imbalance in letrozole treated PCOs in albino rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collision-free path planning is crucial for an autonomous vehicle. It saves life and helps to complete the task in time. The computational intelligence mimics human intelligence and solves these types of problems in which conventional techniques fail to provide optimal solutions. In literature, computational intelligence techniques except evolutionary techniques have not been utilized for land vehicles. In this regard, we employ clonal selection algorithms for collision avoidance in an autonomous vehicle. To check the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, wecompare the performance of the clonal selection algorithm with the genetic algorithm. The results show that the clonal selection algorithm performs better than the genetic algorithm in terms of computation time and also avoids accident within the required time to avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's purpose was to unpack women perceptions regarding skin fairness creams advertising practices and the way those perceptions caused them vulnerability (i.e. harm). Primary data were collected from female consumers of skin fairness creams through semi-structure interviews in Pakistan. The study findings suggest that skin fairness creams advertising practices are a source of disempowering women in a non-white culture as beauty standards portrayed in skin fairness creams advertisements are considered unrealistic and unachievable by women. The participants perceive that fairness creams sellers make exaggerated claims about the efficacy of their products, strengthen negativity in the society and are a source of hurting their self-respect. The negative perceptions about fairness creams marketing practices caused them harm of various sorts. Based on the study findings, we offer viable policy implications for empowering women and enhancing their self-esteem. Finally, study limitations and future research avenues are elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the drinking water quality and human potential health risk in Peshawar, which is the most populous district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Water was randomly collected throughout Peshawar District (urban = 45 samples and rural = 29 samples). These samples were analyzed for heavy metal (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations using the atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, AAS-PEA-700). Heavy metal concentrations in drinking water revealed the highest pollution index (PI) values—17.80, 11.92, 7.50, and 5.70 for the Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni, respectively. The contaminations of Cd and Pb were significantly higher (p< .05) than their maximum allowable limits set by the World Health Organization. Heavy metal contaminations in drinking water were evaluated for health risk assessment: the chronic risk or hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk. Results revealed that HQ values were >1 for the Cd and Pb, suggesting that the exposed human beings could be at chronic risk. Therefore, serious measures such as drinking water treatments and contamination controlling policies are needed to avoid the hazardous effects of toxic heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]