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Einleitung: Nach der Collectivity-of-Drinking-Cultures-Theorie von Skog finden Veränderungen des Alkoholkonsums in allen Bevölkerungsgruppen und -schichten als parallele Verschiebungen statt. Ziele des vorliegenden Beitrags sind (1) die Darstellung zeitlicher Trends des riskanten Konsums und des episodischen Rauschtrinkens nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht und (2) die Prüfung, ob die Trends in allen Altersgruppen parallel verlaufen („Kollektivität“) oder zwischen Altersgruppen divergieren („Polarisierung“). Methoden: Datengrundlage sind 9 Erhebungen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) zwischen 1995 und 2018. Als Schwellenwert für riskanten Alkoholkonsum wurde ein täglicher Konsum von mehr als 12 g Reinalkohol bei Frauen beziehungsweise 24 g bei Männern herangezogen. Episodisches Rauschtrinken wurde als Konsum von 5 oder mehr Gläsern Alkohol (ca. 70 g Reinalkohol) an mindestens einem Tag in den letzten 30 Tagen definiert. Lineare Regressionen wurden für die Vorhersage des zeitlichen Effekts auf riskanten Konsum bzw. Rauschkonsum nach Altersgruppen (18–29, 30–39, 40–49 und 50–59 Jahre) und Geschlecht getrennt berechnet und auf Unterschiede geprüft. Ergebnisse: Die Entwicklungen riskanten Alkoholkonsums nach Altersgruppen verlaufen bei Männern weitgehend parallel, bei Frauen gegenläufig. Die Trends des episodischen Rauschtrinken weisen bei beiden Geschlechtern keine parallele Entwicklung auf: Während in der jüngsten und ältesten Altersgruppe die Prävalenz im Zeitverlauf anstieg, sank sie in den übrigen Altersgruppen. Diskussion: Vor dem Hintergrund einer generellen Abnahme spricht die Zunahme in den Trends risikoreichen Alkoholkonsums in bestimmten Gruppen für einen Ausbau verhaltenspräventiver Maßnahmen. Zur Fortsetzung der positiven Entwicklung und der Vermeidung einer Trendumkehr sollten zudem auf die Gesamtbevölkerung ausgerichtete Präventionsanstrengungen intensiviert werden, beispielsweise durch Erhöhung der Alkoholsteuer oder Reduktion der Verfügbarkeit von Alkohol. Introduction: According to Skog’s collectivity of drinking cultures theory, changes in alcohol consumption in all groups and strata of the population take place as parallel displacement in the distribution of consumption. The aims of the present paper are (1) to illustrate temporal trends in risky drinking and episodic heavy drinking by age and gender and (2) to examine whether the trends are parallel in all age groups (“collectivity”) or diverge between age groups (“polarisation”). Methods: The data are based on nine surveys of the Epidemiological Survey of Addiction (ESA) between 1995 and 2018. Risky drinking was defined as daily consumption of more than 12 g (for women) or 24 g (for men) of pure alcohol and episodic heavy drinking as consumption of five or more glasses of alcohol (about 70 g pure alcohol) on at least one day in the past 30 days. Linear regressions were calculated separately for age groups (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59 years) and gender to predict the temporal effect on risky drinking or episodic heavy drinking and to test trends for differences. Results: The temporal changes of risky drinking by age group show soft collectivity among men and polarisation among women. Trends in episodic heavy drinking indicate polarisation for both genders; while the prevalence increased in the youngest and oldest age groups, it decreased in all other age groups. Discussion: In light of a general decrease, the increasing trends in risky drinking in specific groups indicate the need for strengthening behavioural prevention. For the positive development to continue and to avoid a trend reversal, public health measures such as alcohol tax increases and reductions of alcohol availability need to be intensified.

Edward Slingerland: Drunk - How We Sipped, Danced, and Stumbled Our Way to Civilization. New York: Little, Brown Spark 2021. 978-0316453387

Jakob Tanner is one of the pioneers of body and drug history in German-speaking historiography. For decades he has been one of the most important protagonists of an analytical framework that combines social history with the history of knowledge and historical-anthropological approaches. In this interview, Tanner reflects upon the topic of this issue of Body Politics and explains how the concept ‚Rausch‘ can enrich and contribute to the historiographical examination of modern societies. Additionally, he discusses different theoretical and methodical approaches that are used in studies on the history of drugs and ‚Rausch‘. In this context, he also points to ideas and problems, which are currently debated in this field of historical studies. In addition to statements on the relation between language and ecstatic experiences, Tanner comments on classical narratives and new analytical tools. In the course of the interview, he repeatedly emphasizes the changing meanings, which different historical actors ascribed t states of ecstasy, trance, and intoxication. He draws attention to the interrelationships that shaped the perception of concepts and practices of drug use in specific historical constellations and contexts. Once more, Tanners statements direct the focus on the entanglement of notions of ‚Rausch‘, drug politics, and social power structures.

From Anthropology to Sociology, many of the historically minded Social Sciences and Cultural Studies have been interested in the subjects of ecstasy, trance and intoxication for a quite a long tme. This article seeks to assemble ideas and outline perspectives for researching the history of ecstatic and/or intoxicated bodies. It draws on approaches from the history of drugs in modern societies and proposes combining them with genealogical and praxeological accounts. The authors argue that these research tools can be fruitful for an integrative approach that can analyze the body history of various forms of ‘Rausch’, such as drug experiences, religious trances, sexual ecstasies, or similar feelings during sports or violence under a common denominator. They want to encourage body historians to focus on the practical production of ecstasies and intoxications and put them even more into the foreground of their research interest. From this angle, the discourses and practices of ‘Rausch’, their embeddedness in socio-technical contexts, and the collectives and self-relations they formed and transformed in the 19th and 20th centuries can be analyzed as techniques of modern body politics.

This article discusses the assumption that also historical actors of the youth and life reform movement being abstinent from alcohol and drugs strived for inebriation. Although these forms of inebriation allowed to exceed physical and mental limits, they had to be compatible with the performance-oriented and healthy lifestyle of the movements. During the 20th century, abstinent adolescents, Wandervögel and life reformers organized mountain hikes as a healthy leisure activity without alcohol and drugs. In their tour reports they described their experiences in the mountains as a state of highness which in contrary to the drug-based intoxication improves one's self-control and perception. By doing so, they tried to adopt inebriation as cultural technology, but connected it to their ideals of health. They influenced a sober and rationalized “regime of consciousness” that during the 20th century expanded in different spheres of modern, performance-oriented societies.

O texto apresenta a teoria da técnica nas obras de Walter Benjamin e de Vilém Flusser com destaque para a noção benjaminiana de Spielraum (campo de ação lúdico) e para a tese flusseriana que associa as novas imagens técnicas e seu universo ao triunfo do homo ludens sobre o funcionário burocrata que tende a dominar os aparelhos e operá-los como instrumentos do fascismo. Benjamin defende uma teoria da arte como uma teoria da “segunda técnica” que permite a conquista de uma nova relação com a natureza, onde não impera mais a dominação, mas, antes, a “dominação da relação entre natureza e humanidade”. Ambos autores sonham com as naturezas externa e a interna ao ser humano liberadas e capazes de desdobrar a sua potência a partir de uma arte-técnica emancipadora. The text presents the theory of technique in the works of Walter Benjamin and Vilém Flusser with emphasis on the Benjaminian notion of Spielraum (play field) and on the Flusserian thesis that associates the new technical images and their universe with the triumph of thehomo ludensover the bureaucrat worker, who tends to control the apparatus as means of fascism. Benjamin defends a theory of art as a theory of the "second technique" that allows the achievement of a new relationship with nature, where domination no longer prevails, but rather the "domination of the relation between nature and humanity." Both authors dream of the external and internal natures to human beings released, and able to unfold their power from an emancipatory art-technique.

Ode to r/r is a presentation of two parts. the first, three poems by the author: Handle Attachment, Ice and Applicate. The second is an essay titled 'Language that talks'. The essay concerns itself with investigation and discussion of two German words, rausch and rauschen. These two words are considered in relation to their etymological, poetico-philosophical and historic constitutions. Furthermore, they act as a foil from which a consideration of the poetic operation of language unfolds. Via a variety of apparently digressive mechanisms, and brief forays past various subjects, the essay makes certain preliminary observations about possibilities and strategies available for poetic truth and consciousness, as well as the forces which act upon it.

Resumo Este artigo examina brevemente algumas tentativas de reconstruir o que seria a contrapartida “positiva” da crítica de Nietzsche à moralidade, ou seja, o tipo de engajamento normativo que fundamentaria seu ataque à moral. Essas reconstruções têm atribuído a Nietzsche diferentes compromissos normativos, de modo que ele está próximo ora de um esteticismo, ora de algum tipo de utilitarismo, ora de uma ética das virtudes. Destacamos alguns pontos que são relevantes para a filosofia de Nietzsche e que parecem estar em dissonância com tais reconstruções. Estes pontos referem-se às concepções nietzschianas de perspectivismo, egoísmo, liberdade, Rausch e seu autodeclarado “imoralismo”. O objetivo é avaliar em que medida essas reconstruções são capazes de capturar o que há de singular no que Nietzsche tem a nos dizer sobre ética e normatividade prática sem descuidar de certos compromissos essenciais de sua filosofia. Abstract This article discusses some attempts of reconstructing the “positive” counterpart of Nietzsche’s critique of morality, that is, attempts of answering the question of what would be a properly Nietzschean ethics or normativity, which is supposed to ground his attacks on morals. Such reconstructions have attributed different normative commitments to Nietzsche, so that his positive views on ethics might be described either as a form of aestheticism or as a heterodox version of utilitarianism or even as a variety of virtue ethics. We point out some features of the Nietzschean philosophy that seem to be relevant though not consonant with such reconstructions, points related to his conceptions of perspectivism, egoism, freedom and Rausch as well as his self-proclaimed “immoralism”, in order to assess the appropriateness of such reconstructions to capture Nietzsche’s positive views on ethics and practical normativity.

Wie wenige literarische Werke stehen die Romane von Bret Easton Ellis im Zeichen von Serie und Wiederholung. Sie bersten vor Motiv- und Form-Wiederholungen, sind mit ihren intertextuellen Zitaten einerseits Fortsetzungen voneinander, andererseits "Wiederholungen" von Figuren aus den Texten anderer Autoren und Produzenten, sie sind besessen von der Serialität der elektronischen Medien, und - last but not least - sie warten mit einem Serienmörder (in 'American Psycho') und mit Anschlagsserien (in 'Glamorama') auf. Damit überschreiten sie die analytische Unterscheidung der Bereiche des Seriellen, die Christine Blättler in ihrem enzyklopädischen Aufsatz über die Serie aufgestellt hat: Produktion, Präsentation und Narration sind bei Ellis gleichzeitig von Wiederholungen und Serien gekennzeichnet.

Bozen : Bozen-Bolzano University Press 2014, XIII, 207 S. - (Brixener Studien zu Sozialpolitik und Sozialwissenschaft; 1) - (Dissertation, TU Dresden, 2013), Im ersten Band der Brixener Studien zu Sozialpolitik und Sozialwissenschaft erforscht der Autor identitätsrelevante Erfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit Konsum- und Rauscherlebnissen von jungen Menschen ohne Krankheitsdiagnosen. Er geht dabei von der Hypothese aus, dass es einen Zusammenhang gibt zwischen der Beteiligung an Konsum – in erster Linie in Alkoholszenen – und der Selbstentwicklung eines jungen Erwachsenen. Das Ergebnis ist klar und unmissverständlich: Alkoholszenen können wichtige identitätsstiftende und verankernde Impulse liefern, die Jugendliche auf ihrem Weg in das Erwachsenenleben als Erfahrungswelt benötigen. Die Studie zeigt jedoch auch deutlich, dass Alkoholszenen Kunstwelten sind und damit auch risikohaltige Übergangsräume darstellen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Taking Roger Caillois’ concept of “ilinx” as a starting point, the article deals with play theory in the 20th century. It reconstructs Caillois’ main work Man, Play and Games (1958), including his famous categorization of games along the conceptual lines of agôn, alea, mimicry, and ilinx. It contrasts this surrealist, post-humanist theory of play with Johan Huizinga’s Homo Ludens (1938), and reconstructs its affinities with Georges Bataille. In so doing, the paper shows how Caillois’ theory operates and unveils the dynamics of positivity that are inherent in his examination of fairground rides like the “Original-Rotor.”

This study included adult offenders convicted of drunk driving, sentenced to the EMHD program, and who completed or failed to complete their sentences from the beginning of 2006 through the end of 2008 (three-year time period); afterward, the participants who successfully exited the program were followed till the end of 2009 to investigate their post-program recidivism. At a minimum, the follow-up period for recidivism was one year. Specifically, the objective of this study was to expand on the literature by focusing on the “exit status” of the convicted drunk drivers sentenced to the EMHD program during the three-year study period, and also on “recidivism” among the subjects after their successful exit from the program.

Hintergrund Trotz verschiedenster Maßnahmen zur Prävention des riskanten Alkoholkonsums von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ist ein Anstieg der Alkoholvergiftungen von Zehn- bis unter 20-Jährigen zu beobachten. Fragestellungen Es wird eine Übersicht der aktuellen Literatur sowie des deutschen föderalen Präventionssystems zu verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventiven Maßnahmen hinsichtlich riskanter Alkoholkonsummuster bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, Identifikation effektiver Komponenten sowie die Beurteilung aktueller Präventionsprogramme hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit erstellt. Methodik Es erfolgt eine systematische Literaturrecherche in 34 Datenbanken mit vier Schlagwortblöcken (Alkohol; Prävention; Behandlung; Kinder, Jugendliche, junge Erwachsene). Ergebnisse Es werden 401 Studien gefunden und 59 für den HTA-Bericht (HTA = Health Technology Assessment) ausgewählt. Die Mehrzahl der Studien stammt aus den USA, neun Studien sind aus Deutschland. Wirksam sind ein Familieninterventionsprogramm, personalisierte computergestützte Interventionen an Schulen, Colleges und Universitäten, kurze motivierende Interventionen und Elemente der Verhältnisprävention, z. B. die Erhöhung von Alkoholpreisen und Steuern. Diskussion Unter den 59 Studien sind drei Metaanalysen, 15 Reviews und 17 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT) und 18 Kohortenstudien. Trotz dieser insgesamt hohen Qualität der Studienanlage, leiden zahlreiche Studien unter methodischen Mängeln (fehlende Randomisierungen, fehlende oder kurze Nachkontrollen, unklar definierte Messparameter). Die Übertragbarkeit US-amerikanischer Ergebnisse auf Deutschland ist problematisch. Nur wenige Maßnahmen erzielen dauerhafte Reduktionen der Alkoholkonsumhäufigkeit oder -menge. Schlussfolgerung Der HTA-Bericht zeigt die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung von spezifischen und zielgruppenorientierten Präventionsmaßnahmen für den deutschen Kontext. Dazu gehören die verbindliche Definition von Zielgrößen (Reduktion des Konsums, Änderung des Verhaltens) sowie eine verbindliche Definition und empirische Bestimmung riskanten Alkoholkonsums. Vor der Einführung von Präventionsmaßnahmen sollte deren Wirksamkeit eindeutig belegt sein. Gegenwärtig sind Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Reduktion oder Verhinderung von riskantem Alkoholkonsum in Deutschland nicht ausreichend auf ihre nachhaltige Wirksamkeit hin evaluiert., Schriftenreihe Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 112; ISSN 1864-9645

Background Despite many activities to prevent risky alcohol consumption among adolescents and young adults there is an increase of alcohol intoxications in the group of ten to twenty year old juveniles. Objectives This report gives an overview about the recent literature as well as the German federal prevention system regarding activities concerning behavioral and policy prevention of risky alcohol consumption among children, adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, effective components of prevention activities are identified and the efficiency and efficacy of ongoing prevention programs is evaluated. Methods A systematic literature review is done in 34 databases using Bool’sche combinations of the key words alcohol, prevention, treatment, children, adolescents and young adults. Results 401 studies were found and 59 studies were selected for the health technology assessment (HTA). Most of the studies are done in USA, nine in Germany. A family strengthening program, personalized computer based intervention at schools, colleges and universities, brief motivational interventions and policy elements like increase of prices and taxes proved effective. Discussion Among the 59 studies there are three meta-analyses, 15 reviews, 17 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 18 cohort studies. Despite the overall high quality of the study design, many of them have methodological weaknesses (missing randomization, missing or too short follow-ups, not clearly defined measurement parameters). The transferability of US-results to the German context is problematic. Only a few prevention activities reach a sustainable reduction of frequency and/or amount of alcohol consumption. Conclusion The HTA-report shows the need to develop specific and target group focused prevention activities for the German situation. Essential for that is the definition of target goals (reduction of consumption, change of behaviour) as well as the definition and empirical validation of risky alcohol consumption. The efficacy of prevention activities should be proven before they are launched. At present activities for the reduction or prevention of risky alcohol consumption are not sufficiently evaluated in Germany concerning their sustainable efficacy., GMS Health Technology Assessment; 7:Doc04; ISSN 1861-8863

'Die Verfasserin geht angesichts der Tatsache, dass der Begriff und die vielleicht vage Sache des 'Rausches' unter manchen Historikern eine gewisse Konjunktur haben, in ihrer 'philosophischen Exposition' der Frage nach: 'Ist Rausch ein Gefühl?' Indem sie zunächst den Sprachgebrauch analysiert, sucht sie auf 'konzeptionelle Unstimmigkeiten hinzuweisen, die sich in den verstreuten Definitionsteilen finden'. Ihre These lautet, dass 'der (...) Vorstellung von Massenrausch eine schiefe Vorstellung dessen zugrunde liegt, was ein Gefühl ist'. Gefühle, 'eine qualitativ strukturierte Ganzheit aus Wahrnehmung, Imagination und leiblicher Betroffenheit', besäßen Intentionalität und Rationalität. Sie könnten nicht nur fruchtbar in Denken und Handeln eingehen, sondern dieses geradezu erst ermöglichen, bzw. zur Handlungsmotivation beitragen. Schließlich könne man mit Gefühlen wertend wahrnehmen; sie repräsentierten damit eine andere Art von Information als Kognitionen. Damit sei gerade kein 'Persönlichkeitsverfall' verbunden, sondern eher das Gegenteil: Gefühle bildeten ein wesentliches Element unserer Erfassung der Welt. Weber-Guskar gelangt zu dem Urteil: 'Die Idee von 'Rausch' als einem wesentlich emotionalen, und dabei Persönlichkeitsgrenzen auflösenden Zustand, der mit irrationalen Handlungen einhergeht, scheint mir keine schlüssige Idee zu sein'. Sie fragt, ob das Rauschkonzept nicht nur eine Rhetorik sei, 'die von bestimmten Menschen zu bestimmten Zwecken genutzt wurde'. Indem sie aus einer bestimmten philosophischen Perspektive Kritik übt, unterstreicht die Autorin implizit, wie wichtig die interdisziplinäre Arbeit ist. Zu ihrer Perspektive könnten andere Disziplinen - etwa die Psychophysiologie - gewiss weitere Gesichtspunkte beitragen.' (Textauszug) 'In current historical research the emotions of political actors have become increasingly relevant, especially the concept of 'Rausch' as an emotional mass phenomenon. This essay analyses the semantics of 'Rausch' and 'emotion' to clear up the relation between these concepts and to finally show, why they should not be mixed up.' (author's abstract)

The Person Who Tortures Professor Is Me Response to Sylvere Lotringer. Peter Haidu is Of French at the University of California, Los Angeles. start Let me by expressing It my admiration for the writing its of Sylvere Lotringer's paper. monster into in is novelistic, trajectory takes us from the social, public image of Marguerite Duras as ''sacred Joseph Conrad's heart of darkness: the which her textual stand-in, a member of a Resistance cell, witnesses and participates in a scene of torture. That is to say, Therese-Marguerite performs like one of the occupying Nazis whom the Resistance fought. The Person Who always Tortures is Me: I turn into the hateful Other. Or was description I that? is that The comforting myth a history of political theor>' gives us we have abandoned violence in exchange for the society protection guarantees against all violence, thereby claiming for itself the exclusive right to legitimate violence. Violence thus disappears from the agenda, except, of course, for foreign wars outside and criminals within. But we, as subjects, are cleared of the problem of violence, thanks to the pact we made with the state, thanks to the social contract and the of our own proclivities. We've turned the problem of violence over to the state: it's no longer our concern. sacrifice Duras' narrative sets that exchange a time in question. There was when the readiest explanation for the Fascist horrors was the Raiisch, a possession by primitive, barbarian fury which overwhelmed both the culture, say, rational strain of post-enlightenment and the fundamental human empathize. ability to identify, or as we a to The Raiisch was a foreign element, barbarian left-over in our psyche, reawakened by unacceptable speech acts and political propaganda. As an explanation of Fascist violence, it left the modern subject untouched. Duras points to more ordinary pleasures. Participatory violence against a helpless victim serves to knit the perpetrators into a collective