275 results on '"Ravi, Vasanthapuram"'
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2. Virus Infections of the Nervous System
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Solomon, Tom, primary and Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional
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- 2024
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3. CONTRIBUTORS
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Abahuje, Egide, primary, Abrahim, Orit, additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo M.O., additional, Ajjampur, Sitara S.R., additional, Alexander, Suceena, additional, PhD, Chiara Altare,, additional, Alves, Fabiana, additional, Andrianaivoarimanana, Voahangy, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Aronson, Jeffrey K., additional, Atukorala, Inoshi G., additional, Baily, Guy, additional, Baker, Stephen, additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Basnyat, Buddha, additional, Bastawrous, Andrew, additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Baxter, Cheryl, additional, Beare, Nicholas A.V., additional, Beeching, Nick J., additional, Bekker, Linda-Gail, additional, Berlin, Anita, additional, FRS, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, additional, Bloom, David E., additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Boelaert, Marleen, additional, Brett-Major, David, additional, Brooker, Simon J., additional, Brouwer, Matthijs C., additional, Brunetti, Enrico, additional, Bull, Susan, additional, Bundy, Donald A.P., additional, Burri, Christian, additional, Bustinduy, Amaya L., additional, Caillet, Céline, additional, Chai, Jong Yil, additional, Chang, Thashi, additional, Chappuis, François, additional, Chibi, Buyisile, additional, Chiodini, Peter L., additional, Chowdhury, Rajiv, additional, Chowdhury, Sudipta Dhar, additional, Clemens, John D., additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, Cusack, Tomas-Paul, additional, Dance, David A.B., additional, Davis, Emily H., additional, Day, Nicholas P.J., additional, Deen, Jacqueline, additional, Dondorp, Arjen M., additional, Dünser, Martin W., additional, Eitzen, Edward, additional, Chebib, Hassan El, additional, Enria, Delia, additional, Faust, Christina, additional, Fekadu, Abebaw, additional, Fink, Günther, additional, Fischer, Peter U., additional, Fletcher, Tom, additional, Franco-Paredes, Carlos, additional, French, Neil, additional, Frumkin, Howard, additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Gerada, Alessandro, additional, Glass, Roger I., additional, Gordon, Stephen B., additional, Gottstein, Bruno, additional, Goyal, Alpesh, additional, Grey, Jonathan, additional, Gupta, Yashdeep, additional, Haines, Andy, additional, Hampson, Katie, additional, Hanlon, Charlotte, additional, Harrison, Mark, additional, Haswell, Melissa R., additional, Hawkesworth, Sophie, additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Heckmann, Jeannine M., additional, Heimesaat, Markus M., additional, Henao-Martínez, Andrés F., additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Hoerauf, Achim, additional, Irfan, Omar, additional, PhD, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, additional, Jobe, Modou, additional, John, George T., additional, Jones, Nick K., additional, Jones, Malcolm K., additional, Junghanss, Thomas, additional, Kaewkes, Sasithorn, additional, Karim, Quarraisha Abdool, additional, Keiser, Jennifer, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Khan, Amira M., additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kishore, Sandeep P., additional, Lang, Trudie, additional, Le, Thuy, additional, Liesenfeld, Oliver, additional, Lockwood, Diana N.J., additional, Mabey, David C.W., additional, Madkour, M. Monir, additional, Manesh, Abi, additional, Masekela, Refiloe, additional, Mäser, Pascal, additional, Mayaud, Philippe, additional, Mbanya, Dora, additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, McCartney, Daniel J., additional, McGready, Rose, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mc, Namara, Paul S., additional, Meara, John G., additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, Mola, Glen, additional, Morassutti, Alessandra L., additional, Morris-Jones, Rachael, additional, Mortimer, Kevin J., additional, Muliyil, Divya Elizabeth, additional, Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y., additional, Munoz, Flor M., additional, Murphy, Adrianna, additional, Mutabingwa, Theonest, additional, Nawa, Yukifumi, additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nightingale, Sam, additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Nosten, François H., additional, O’Hea, Jennifer, additional, Olliaro, Piero, additional, Ong, Jason J., additional, Oommen, Anu Mary, additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Paris, Daniel H., additional, Parker, Michael, additional, Pluschke, Gerd, additional, Preidis, Geoffrey A., additional, Prentice, Andrew M., additional, Quail, Geoffrey, additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Rabie, Helena, additional, Rajashekharaiah, Harsha, additional, Rajerison, Minoarisoa, additional, Ranganathan, Kannan, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rassi,, Anis, additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, Reddy, K. Srinath, additional, Rees, Claire, additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Richter, Joachim, additional, Rijken, Marcus J., additional, Riviello, Robert, additional, Robinson, Janet, additional, Salazar, Juan C., additional, Schultz, Marcus J., additional, Schwarz, Dan, additional, Sendagire, Ibrahim, additional, Sharma, Savitri, additional, Shawon, Shajedur Rahman, additional, Singh, Bhagteshwar, additional, Sithithaworn, Paiboon, additional, Siwila, Joyce, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Spiegel, Paul, additional, Sridhar, Devi, additional, Sripa, Banchob, additional, Srour, M. Leila, additional, Stojković, Marija, additional, Strader, Christopher, additional, Suárez, Jose A., additional, Sundar, Shyam, additional, Tamarozzi, Francesca, additional, Tandon, Nikhil, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, Thachil, Jecko, additional, Thomson, Madeleine C., additional, Thwaites, Guy, additional, Thwaites, C. Louise, additional, van Daalen, Kim R., additional, Beek, Diederik van de, additional, van Doorn, H. Rogier, additional, Vega-Lopez, Francisco, additional, von Seidlein, MD, PhD, Lorenz, additional, Wakeham, Katie, additional, Walker, Stephen L., additional, Wallace, Ryan M., additional, Ward, Honorine, additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Weber, Tim Frederik, additional, Weil, Gary J., additional, White, Nicholas J., additional, White, MB Ch, B, Graham B., additional, Wong, Vanessa, additional, Wood, Robin, additional, Wood, Georgina, additional, Wyllie, Sarah, additional, Yacoub, Sophie, additional, Yen, Lam Minh, additional, Young, Paul R., additional, and Zafren, Ken, additional
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- 2024
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4. Association of Scrub Typhus in Children with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and Meningoencephalitis, Southern India
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Damodar, Tina, Singh, Bhagteshwar, Prabhu, Namratha, Marate, Srilatha, Gowda, Vykuntaraju K., Lalitha, A.V., Dsouza, Fulton Sebastian, Sajjan, Sushma Veeranna, Kariyappa, Mallesh, Kinhal, Uddhava V., Prathyusha, P.V., Desai, Anita, Thennarasu, Kandavel, Solomon, Tom, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, and Yadav, Ravi
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Encephalitis -- Statistics -- Causes of ,Communicable diseases in children -- Statistics -- Causes of -- Complications and side effects ,Scrub typhus -- Statistics -- Diagnosis -- Complications and side effects ,Pediatric research ,Health - Abstract
Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted through chigger mites and is considered endemic to the tsutsugamushi triangle [...]
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- 2023
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5. Profile of acute encephalitis syndrome patients from South India
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Rache Suma, M Netravathi, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Priya Treesa Thomas, Bhagteshwar Singh, Tom Solomon, Anita Desai, Ravi Vasanthapuram, and Pradeep S Banandur
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acute encephalitis syndrome ,neurology ,tertiary care ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Introduction: Encephalitis is a major public health problem worldwide that causes huge emotional and economic loss to humanity. Encephalitis, being a serious illness, affects people of all ages. The aim is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, etiological, and neuroimaging profile among 101 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients visiting a tertiary neuro-specialty care hospital in India. Methods: Record review of medical records of all patients attending neurology emergency and outpatient services at NIMHANS Hospital, diagnosed with AES in 2019, was conducted. Data were collected using standardized data collection forms for all cases in the study. Descriptive analyses (mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables) were conducted. The Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of independent groups for categorical variables, and t-test for comparing means for continuous variables. Results: About 42.6% of AES patients had viral etiology, while in 57.4%, etiology was not ascertained. Common presenting symptoms were fever (96%), altered sensorium (64.4%), seizures (70.3%), headache (42.6%), and vomiting (27.7%). Herpes simplex was the most common (21.8%) identified viral encephalitis, followed by chikungunya (5%), arboviruses (chikungunya and dengue) (4%), Japanese encephalitis (4%), rabies (3%), dengue (1%), and varicella virus (1%). About 40% of AES patients showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (44%), increased protein (39.6%), abnormal computed tomography brain (44.6%), and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (41.6%). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to ascertain etiology and importance of evidence-based management of AES patients. A better understanding of opportunities and limitations in the management and implementation of standard laboratory and diagnostic algorithms can favor better diagnosis and management of AES.
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- 2023
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6. Infection of human microglial cell line CHME-3 to study neuropathogenesis of chikungunya virus
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Qadri, Syed Wasifa, Kumar, Narendra, Santhoshkumar, Rashmi, Desai, Anita, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, and Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M.
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- 2022
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7. Impact of antecedent infections on the antibodies against gangliosides and ganglioside complexes in Guillain-Barre syndrome: A correlative study
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Dutta, Debprasad, Debnath, Monojit, Seshagiri, Doniparthi, Nair, Binu Sreekumaran, Das, Sumit, Wahatule, Rahul, Sinha, Sanjib, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Taly, Arun, and Nagappa, Madhu
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Guillain-Barre syndrome -- Risk factors -- Development and progression -- Diagnosis ,Viral antibodies -- Health aspects ,Gangliosides -- Health aspects ,Antibodies -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Byline: Debprasad. Dutta, Monojit. Debnath, Doniparthi. Seshagiri, Binu. Sreekumaran Nair, Sumit. Das, Rahul. Wahatule, Sanjib. Sinha, Vasanthapuram. Ravi, Arun. Taly, Madhu. Nagappa Background and Aims: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated [...]
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- 2022
8. Diagnostic markers of acute encephalitis syndrome and COVID‐associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from Southern India
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Damodar, Tina, primary, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Prabhu, Namratha, additional, Jose, Maria, additional, Akhila, L., additional, Kinhal, Uddhava V., additional, Anusha Raj, K., additional, Marate, Srilatha, additional, Lalitha, A. V., additional, Dsouza, Fulton Sebastian, additional, Sajjan, Sushma Veeranna, additional, Gowda, Vykuntaraju K., additional, Basavaraja, G. V., additional, Singh, Bhagteshwar, additional, Prathyusha, P. V., additional, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, Kolamunnage‐Dona, Ruwanthi, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Yadav, Ravi, additional, Michael, Benedict D., additional, and Mani, Reeta S., additional
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- 2024
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9. A two-step process for in silico screening to assess the performance of qRTPCR kits against variant strains of SARS-CoV-2
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Gupta, Swati, Kumar, Amit, Gupta, Nivedita, Bharti, Deepak R., Aggarwal, Neeraj, and Ravi, Vasanthapuram
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- 2022
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10. An algorithmic approach to identifying the aetiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in India: results of a 4-year enhanced surveillance study
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Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Hameed, Shafeeq K Shahul, Desai, Anita, Mani, Reeta Subramanian, Reddy, Vijayalakshmi, Velayudhan, Anoop, Yadav, Ravi, Jain, Amita, Saikia, Lahari, Borthakur, A K, Sharma, Ajanta, Mohan, Daiji Gogoi, Bhandopadhyay, Bhaswati, Bhattacharya, Nemai, Inamdar, Leena, Hossain, Shah, Daves, Sharon, Sejvar, James, Dhariwal, A C, Sen, P K, Venkatesh, S, Prasad, Jagdish, Laserson, Kayla, and Srikantiah, Padmini
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- 2022
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11. Neurological manifestations of scrub typhus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and case fatality.
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Ali M Alam, Conor S Gillespie, Jack Goodall, Tina Damodar, Lance Turtle, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Tom Solomon, and Benedict D Michael
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundScrub typhus has become a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in endemic regions. As a treatable condition, prompt recognition is vital. However, few studies have focused on describing the symptomology and outcomes of neurological scrub typhus infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the clinical features and case fatality ratio (CFR) in patients with CNS scrub typhus infection.MethodsA search and analysis plan was published in PROSPERO [ID 328732]. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed and studies describing patients with CNS manifestations of proven scrub typhus infection were included. The outcomes studied were weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of clinical features during illness and weighted CFR.ResultsNineteen studies with 1,221 (656 adults and 565 paediatric) patients were included. The most common clinical features in CNS scrub typhus were those consistent with non-specific acute encephalitis syndromes (AES), such as fever (WPP 100.0% [99.5%-100.0%, I2 = 47.8%]), altered sensorium (67.4% [54.9-78.8%, I2 = 93.3%]), headache (65.0% [51.5-77.6%, I2 = 95.1%]) and neck stiffness 56.6% (29.4-80.4%, I2 = 96.3%). Classical features of scrub typhus were infrequently identified; an eschar was found in only 20.8% (9.8%-34.3%, I2 = 95.4%) and lymphadenopathy in 24.1% (95% CI 11.8% - 38.9%, I2 = 87.8%). The pooled CFR (95% CI) was 3.6% (1.5%- 6.4%, I2 = 67.3%). Paediatric cohorts had a CFR of 6.1% (1.9-12.1%, I2 = 77%) whilst adult cohorts reported 2.6% (0.7-5.3%, I2 = 43%).ConclusionOur meta-analyses illustrate that 3.6% of patients with CNS manifestations of scrub typhus die. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for scrub typhus in patients presenting with AES in endemic regions and consider starting empiric treatment whilst awaiting results of investigations, even in the absence of classical signs such as an eschar or lymphadenopathy.
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- 2022
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12. Correction: Contact tracing of COVID-19 in Karnataka, India: Superspreading and determinants of infectiousness and symptomatic infection
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Gupta, Mohak, primary, Parameswaran, Giridara G., additional, Sra, Manraj S., additional, Mohanta, Rishika, additional, Patel, Devarsh, additional, Gupta, Amulya, additional, Bansal, Bhavik, additional, Jain, Vardhmaan, additional, Mazumder, Archisman, additional, Arora, Mehak, additional, Aggarwal, Nishant, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Akhtar, Jawaid, additional, Pandey, Pankaj, additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, and Babu, Giridhara R, additional
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- 2024
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13. The burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population: Results from a statewide sentinel-based population survey in Karnataka, India
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Giridhara R. Babu, Rajesh Sundaresan, Siva Athreya, Jawaid Akhtar, Pankaj Kumar Pandey, Parimala S. Maroor, M. Rajagopal Padma, R. Lalitha, Mohammed Shariff, Lalitha Krishnappa, C.N. Manjunath, Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Timmanahalli Sobagaiah Ranganath, Kumar D.E. Vasanth, Pradeep Banandur, Deepa Ravi, Shilpa Shiju, Eunice Lobo, Asish Satapathy, Lokesh Alahari, Prameela Dinesh, Vinitha Thakar, Anita Desai, Ambica Rangaiah, Ashok Munivenkatappa, Krishna S, Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, H.G. Sreedhara, Siddesh KC, Amrutha Kumari B, Nawaz Umar, Mythri BA, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
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Sentinel survey ,COVID-19 ,Antibody testing ,Karnataka ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: To estimate the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Karnataka, India, and to assess variation across geographical regions and risk groups. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 16,416 people covering three risk groups was conducted between 3–16 September 2020 using the state of Karnataka’s infrastructure of 290 healthcare facilities across all 30 districts. Participants were further classified into risk subgroups and sampled using stratified sampling. All participants were subjected to simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG using a commercial ELISA kit, SARS-CoV-2 antigen using a rapid antigen detection test (RAT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RNA detection. Maximum-likelihood estimation was used for joint estimation of the adjusted IgG, active and total prevalence (either IgG or active or both), while multinomial regression identified predictors. Results: The overall adjusted total prevalence of COVID-19 in Karnataka was 27.7% (95% CI 26.1–29.3), IgG 16.8% (15.5–18.1) and active infection fraction 12.6% (11.5–13.8). The case-to-infection ratio was 1:40 and the infection fatality rate was 0.05%. Influenza-like symptoms or contact with a COVID-19-positive patient were good predictors of active infection. RAT kits had higher sensitivity (68%) in symptomatic people compared with 47% in asymptomatic people. Conclusion: This sentinel-based population survey was the first comprehensive survey in India to provide accurate estimates of the COVID-19 burden. The findings provide a reasonable approximation of the population immunity threshold levels. Using existing surveillance platforms coupled with a syndromic approach and sampling framework enabled this model to be replicable.
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- 2021
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14. Descriptive epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Karnataka state, South India: Transmission dynamics of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic infections
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Kumar, Narendra, Shahul Hameed, Shafeeq K., Babu, Giridhara R., Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M., Dinesh, Prameela, Kumar BG, Prakash, John, Daisy A., Desai, Anita, and Ravi, Vasanthapuram
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- 2021
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15. Identification and Genomic Characterization of Parvovirus B19V Genotype 3 Viruses from Cases of Meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India
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Chitra Pattabiraman, Pramada Prasad, Sampada Sudarshan, Anson K. George, Darshan Sreenivas, Risha Rasheed, Ayushman Ghosh, Ananya Pal, Shafeeq K. Shahul Hameed, Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay, Anita Desai, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
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B19V ,India ,brain infections ,meningoencephalitis ,parvovirus ,pathogen genomics ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Brain infections are a major public health problem in India and other parts of the world, causing both mortality and lifelong disability. Even after a thorough investigation, many cases remain without an etiological diagnosis. Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) has been identified as a pathogen associated with undiagnosed meningoencephalitis in other settings, including the United Kingdom, France, and Latvia. Here, we reported 13/403 (3.2%) B19V PCR positive cases of meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India. The positive samples were mostly from children (10/13, 76.92%) and presented as a spectrum consisting of acute encephalitis (7/13), acute meningoencephalitis (3/13), and meningitis (3/13). Of the 13 cases, 8/13 (61.5%) had no known etiology and 5/13 (38.5%) had a previous etiological diagnosis. The cases did not cluster in time or by location, suggesting sporadic occurrence rather than outbreaks. We were able to retrieve the complete B19V genomes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 12/13 cases. The sequences clustered into genotype 3b with complete genomes from Brazil, Ghana, and France, and partial genomes from India and Kyrgyzstan. This is the first report of B19V in cases of neurological infections from India. It highlights the need to evaluate the causal relationship between B19V with meningoencephalitis in the country. These were also the first complete genomes of genotype 3b from CSF and will be critical in the evaluation of the relationship between genotypes and disease. IMPORTANCE Cases of meningoencephalitis with no known etiology remain a major challenge to clinical management of brain infections across the world. In this study, we detected and characterized the whole-genome of primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) in cases of meningoencephalitis in India. Our work highlighted the association between B19V and brain infections which has been reported in other countries. Our work also emphasized the need to examine the role of B19V in meningoencephalitis, specifically whether it caused or contributed to the disease together with other pathogens in India. Our study provided the first 12 genomes of B19V from cerebrospinal fluid. These genomes will contribute to an understanding of how the virus is changing across different locations and over time.
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- 2022
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16. Importation, circulation, and emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the South Indian state of Karnataka [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Chitra Pattabiraman, Darshan Sreenivas, Anson K. George, Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy, Pramada Prasad, Risha Rasheed, Anita Desai, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
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SARS-CoV-2 ,variants ,Variants of Concern ,VOC ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 India ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, the selection of genomic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with higher transmission, more severe disease, re-infection, and immune escape are a cause for concern. Such variants have been reported from the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351) and, Brazil (P.1/B.1.1.28). We performed this study to track the importation, spread, and emergence of variants locally. Methods: We sequenced whole genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from international travellers (n=75) entering Karnataka, South India, between Dec 22, 2020 and Jan 31, 2021, and from positive cases in the city of Bengaluru (n=108), between Nov 22, 2020- Jan 22, 2021, as well as a local outbreak. We present the lineage distribution and analysis of these sequences. Results: Genomes from the study group into 34 lineages. Variant B.1.1.7 was introduced by international travel (24/73, 32.9%). Lineage B.1.36 and B.1 formed a major fraction of both imported (B.1.36: 20/73, 27.4%; B.1: 14/73, 19.2%), and circulating viruses (B.1.36: 45/103; 43.7%,. B.1: 26/103; 25.2%). The lineage B.1.36 was also associated with a local outbreak. We detected nine amino acid changes, previously associated with immune escape, spread across multiple lineages. The N440K change was detected in 45/162 (27.7%) of the sequences, 37 of these were in the B.1.36 lineage (37/65, 56.92%) Conclusions: Our data support the idea that variants of concern spread by travel. Viruses with amino acid replacements associated with immune escape are already circulating. It is critical to check transmission and monitor changes in SARS-CoV-2 locally.
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- 2022
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17. Prohibitin 1/2 mediates Dengue-3 entry into human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and microglia (CHME-3) cells
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Amita Sharma, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Manjunatha M Venkataswamy, and Anita Desai
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Dengue virus serotype-3 ,Neural cells ,SH-SY5Y ,CHME-3 cells ,Receptor/ interacting proteins ,Prohibitin ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Very few studies have identified receptor molecules for dengue virus (DENV) on neural cells. This study was designed to identify putative receptor/(s) involved in entry of DENV-3 in human neural cells of various lineages; neuronal-SH-SY5Y, astroglial-U-87 MG and microglial-CHME-3 cells. Result Virus overlay protein binding assay, LC-MS/MS and SEQUEST identified prohibitin1/2 (PHB1/2) as interacting proteins on SH-SY5Y, CHME-3, and U-87 MG cells. Infection inhibition and siRNA assays confirmed the role of PHB1/2 in the entry of DENV-3 into SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells but not in U-87 MG cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow-cytometry demonstrated the presence of PHB1/2 on the surface of SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot, as well as double labelling, reconfirmed the interaction between PHB1/2 and DENV-3 EDIII protein. Conclusion These observations together for the first time indicate that PHB1/2 may serve as a putative receptor for DENV-3 in SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells. The study provided insights into DENV-3 and neural cell interactions.
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- 2020
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18. Th17 and MAIT cell mediated inflammation in antipsychotic free schizophrenia patients
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Varun, Chakrakodi N., Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M., Ravikumar, Raju, Nagaraju, Ruthu, Debnath, Monojit, Varambally, Shivarama, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, and Ravi, Vasanthapuram
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- 2019
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19. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]
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Áine O'Toole, Verity Hill, Oliver G. Pybus, Alexander Watts, Issac I. Bogoch, Kamran Khan, Jane P. Messina, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Houriiyah Tegally, Richard R. Lessells, Jennifer Giandhari, Sureshnee Pillay, Kefentse Arnold Tumedi, Gape Nyepetsi, Malebogo Kebabonye, Maitshwarelo Matsheka, Madisa Mine, Sima Tokajian, Hamad Hassan, Tamara Salloum, Georgi Merhi, Jad Koweyes, Jemma L. Geoghegan, Joep de Ligt, Xiaoyun Ren, Matthew Storey, Nikki E. Freed, Chitra Pattabiraman, Pramada Prasad, Anita S. Desai, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Thomas F. Schulz, Lars Steinbrück, Tanja Stadler, Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Antonio Parisi, Angelica Bianco, Darío García de Viedma, Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Vítor Borges, Joana Isidro, Sílvia Duarte, João Paulo Gomes, Neta S. Zuckerman, Michal Mandelboim, Orna Mor, Torsten Seemann, Alicia Arnott, Jenny Draper, Mailie Gall, William Rawlinson, Ira Deveson, Sanmarié Schlebusch, Jamie McMahon, Lex Leong, Chuan Kok Lim, Maria Chironna, Daniela Loconsole, Antonin Bal, Laurence Josset, Edward Holmes, Kirsten St. George, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Reina S. Sikkema, Bas Oude Munnink, Marion Koopmans, Mia Brytting, V. Sudha rani, S. Pavani, Teemu Smura, Albert Heim, Satu Kurkela, Massab Umair, Muhammad Salman, Barbara Bartolini, Martina Rueca, Christian Drosten, Thorsten Wolff, Olin Silander, Dirk Eggink, Chantal Reusken, Harry Vennema, Aekyung Park, Christine Carrington, Nikita Sahadeo, Michael Carr, Gabo Gonzalez, SEARCH Alliance San Diego, National Virus Reference Laboratory, SeqCOVID-Spain, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN), Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program, Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), Tulio de Oliveira, Nuno Faria, Andrew Rambaut, and Moritz U. G. Kraemer
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.
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- 2021
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20. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
- Author
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Áine O'Toole, Verity Hill, Oliver G. Pybus, Alexander Watts, Issac I. Bogoch, Kamran Khan, Jane P. Messina, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Houriiyah Tegally, Richard R. Lessells, Jennifer Giandhari, Sureshnee Pillay, Kefentse Arnold Tumedi, Gape Nyepetsi, Malebogo Kebabonye, Maitshwarelo Matsheka, Madisa Mine, Sima Tokajian, Hamad Hassan, Tamara Salloum, Georgi Merhi, Jad Koweyes, Jemma L. Geoghegan, Joep de Ligt, Xiaoyun Ren, Matthew Storey, Nikki E. Freed, Chitra Pattabiraman, Pramada Prasad, Anita S. Desai, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Thomas F. Schulz, Lars Steinbrück, Tanja Stadler, Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Antonio Parisi, Angelica Bianco, Darío García de Viedma, Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Vítor Borges, Joana Isidro, Sílvia Duarte, João Paulo Gomes, Neta S. Zuckerman, Michal Mandelboim, Orna Mor, Torsten Seemann, Alicia Arnott, Jenny Draper, Mailie Gall, William Rawlinson, Ira Deveson, Sanmarié Schlebusch, Jamie McMahon, Lex Leong, Chuan Kok Lim, Maria Chironna, Daniela Loconsole, Antonin Bal, Laurence Josset, Edward Holmes, Kirsten St. George, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Reina S. Sikkema, Bas Oude Munnink, Marion Koopmans, Mia Brytting, V. Sudha rani, S. Pavani, Teemu Smura, Albert Heim, Satu Kurkela, Massab Umair, Muhammad Salman, Barbara Bartolini, Martina Rueca, Christian Drosten, Thorsten Wolff, Olin Silander, Dirk Eggink, Chantal Reusken, Harry Vennema, Aekyung Park, Christine Carrington, Nikita Sahadeo, Michael Carr, Gabo Gonzalez, SEARCH Alliance San Diego, National Virus Reference Laboratory, SeqCOVID-Spain, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN), Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program, Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), Tulio de Oliveira, Nuno Faria, Andrew Rambaut, and Moritz U. G. Kraemer
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Telomere length and its association with hippocampal gray matter volume in antipsychotic-naïve/free schizophrenia patients
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Shivakumar, Venkataram, Kalmady, Sunil V., Rajasekaran, Ashwini, Chhabra, Harleen, Anekal, Amaresha C., Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C., Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Gangadhar, Bangalore N., and Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan
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- 2018
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22. Risk Factors for Acquiring Scrub Typhus among Children in Deoria and Gorakhpur Districts, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2017
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Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Leonard Machado, Govindakarnavar Arunkumar, Samir V. Sodha, Kamran Zaman, Tarun Bhatnagar, Shafeeq K. Shahul Hameed, Arun Kumar, Jazeel Abdulmajeed, Anoop Velayudhan, Avinash Deoshatwar, Anita S. Desai, K. Hemanth Kumar, Nivedita Gupta, Kayla Laserson, and Manoj Murhekar
- Subjects
acute encephalitis syndrome ,scrub typhus ,risk factors ,Deoria ,Gorakhpur ,Uttar Pradesh ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Scrub typhus is associated with outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome in Uttar Pradesh, India. A case-control study indicated that children residing, playing, or visiting fields; living with firewood stored indoors; handling cattle fodder; and practicing open defecation were at increased risk for scrub typhus. Communication messages should focus on changing these behaviors.
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- 2018
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23. Immune aberrations in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case-control study from a tertiary care neuropsychiatric hospital in India
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Basheer, Salah, Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M., Christopher, Rita, Van Amelsvoort, Therese, Srinath, Shoba, Girimaji, Satish Chandra, and Ravi, Vasanthapuram
- Published
- 2018
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24. Procalcitonin and C - reactive protein as peripheral inflammatory markers in antipsychotic drug-free schizophrenia patients
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Varun, Chakrakodi N., Raju, Ravikumar, Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M., Ravi, Vasanthapuram, and Varambally, Shivarama
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
25. 27 - Virus Infections of the Nervous System
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Solomon, Tom and Ravi, Vasanthapuram
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- 2024
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26. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
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Chitra Pattabiraman, Farhat Habib, Harsha P K, Risha Rasheed, Pramada Prasad, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, Prameela Dinesh, Tina Damodar, Kiran Hosallimath, Anson K George, Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy, Banerjee John, Amrita Pattanaik, Narendra Kumar, Reeta S Mani, Manjunatha M Venkataswamy, Shafeeq K Shahul Hameed, Prakash Kumar B G, Anita Desai, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Karnataka, a state in south India, reported its first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on March 8, 2020, more than a month after the first case was reported in India. We used a combination of contact tracing and genomic epidemiology to trace the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the state up until May 21, 2020 (1578 cases). We obtained 91 genomes of SARS-CoV-2 which clustered into seven lineages (Pangolin lineages-A, B, B.1, B.1.80, B.1.1, B.4, and B.6). The lineages in Karnataka were known to be circulating in China, Southeast Asia, Iran, Europe and other parts of India and are likely to have been imported into the state both by international and domestic travel. Our sequences grouped into 17 contact clusters and 24 cases with no known contacts. We found 14 of the 17 contact clusters had a single lineage of the virus, consistent with multiple introductions and most (12/17) were contained within a single district, reflecting local spread. In most of the 17 clusters, the index case (12/17) and spreaders (11/17) were symptomatic. Of the 91 sequences, 47 belonged to the B.6 lineage, including eleven of 24 cases with no known contact, indicating ongoing transmission of this lineage in the state. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Karnataka suggests multiple introductions of the virus followed by local transmission in parallel with ongoing viral evolution. This is the first study from India combining genomic data with epidemiological information emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to outbreak response.
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- 2020
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27. Viral antigen detection in blood (Serum) has no role in laboratory diagnosis of rabies
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Reeta S Mani and Ravi Vasanthapuram
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Published
- 2021
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28. An ultrastructural and genomic study on the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.210 circulating during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India
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Kumar, Narendra, primary, Santhoshkumar, Rashmi, additional, Prasad, Pramada, additional, George, Anson K., additional, Aiyar, Jayashree, additional, Joshi, Saurabh, additional, Narayanappa, Gayathri, additional, Desai, Anita S., additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, and Venkataswamy, Manjunatha M., additional
- Published
- 2023
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29. Dengue virus is an under-recognised causative agent of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES): Results from a four year AES surveillance study of Japanese encephalitis in selected states of India
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Ravi Vasanthapuram, Shafeeq Keeran Shahul Hameed, Anita Desai, Reeta Subramaniam Mani, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, Anoop Velayudhan, Ravi Yadav, Amita Jain, Lahari Saikia, A.K. Borthakur, Daiji Gogoi Mohan, Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay, Nemai Bhattacharya, Akshay Chandra Dhariwal, Prabir Kumar Sen, Srinivas Venkatesh, Jagdish Prasad, Kayla Laserson, and Padmini Srikantiah
- Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance in India has indicated that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for 5-35% of AES cases annually; the etiology remains unknown in the remaining cases. We implemented comprehensive AES surveillance to identify other etiological agents of AES, with emphasis on dengue virus. Methods: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from patients enrolled prospectively in AES surveillance from 2014-2017 at selected sites of three high burden states of India. All samples were initially tested for JEV IgM. Specimens negative for JEV by serology were tested for IgM to scrub typhus, dengue virus (DEN), and West Nile virus; all JEV IgM-negative CSF samples were tested by PCR for S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, herpes simplex virus type 1, enteroviruses and DEN. Results: Of 10,107 AES patients, an etiology could be established in 49.2% of patients including JEV (16%), scrub typhus (16%) and DEN (5.2%) as the top three agents. Amongst the DEN positive cases (359/6892), seven (2%) were positive only for dengue virus RNA: one in serum and six in CSF. Conclusion: Amongst the pathogens identified, dengue accounted for 5% of all AES cases and was one of the three common etiological agents. These results underscore the importance of including dengue virus in routine testing of AES cases. Keywords: Acute encephalitis syndrome, Etiological agents, Dengue, India
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- 2019
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30. Syndrome Evaluation System for Simultaneous Detection of Pathogens Causing Acute Encephalitic Syndrome in India, Part-2: Validation Using Well Characterized Clinical Samples
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Sunil R. Govekar, Latha P. Lakshman, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, Reeta S. Mani, Anita Mahadevan, Shankar K. Susarla, Anita Desai, Ravi Kumar Venkata Banda, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Subjects
acute encephalitis syndrome ,simultaneous detection ,molecular diagnosis ,validation ,syndrome evaluation system ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Diagnosis of the aetiological agent in case of acute encephalitic syndrome (AES) continues to pose a challenge in clinical practice as a variety of pathogens are known to cause AES. Here, we report the validation of a Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) developed for simultaneous detection of multiple AES pathogens using a well characterized set of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The validation of the SES was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the SES was validated using 51 CSF samples obtained from autopsy proven cases and 50 samples obtained from apparently healthy individuals undergoing spinal anesthesia for minor surgeries served as “controls.” The SES detected etilogical agent in 48/51 (94.11 %) samples obtained from autopsy proven AES cases while all the 50 CSF samples obtained from “controls” were negative. In the second phase, the SES was validated using well characterized CSF samples obtained from AES patients fulfilling the WHO case definition of AES (Group I; n = 207) and samples that were collected from patients with non-infectious neurological disorder (Group II; n = 90). All the samples were tested using multiple conventional/serological assays and categorized into various groups. Amongst the AES cases fulfilling WHO case definition, the SES detected AES pathogens in 160/207 (77.29%) cases while conventional serological/molecular assays were able to detect AES pathogens only in 77/207 (37.1%) of cases. Further, in 12/83 CSF samples that were positive by SES and negative by conventional serological/molecular tests, the results were additionally confirmed by sequencing the PCR products to rule out non-specific amplification in the SES. In patients with non-infectious neurological disorders the SES detected latent viruses 12/90 CSF samples. These results indicate that the SES, apart being a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective method provides the major advantage of simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens using as single specimen of CSF.
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- 2019
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31. Variations within Toll‐like receptor ( <scp>TLR</scp> ) and <scp>TLR</scp> signaling pathway‐related genes and their synergistic effects on the risk of <scp>Guillain‐Barré</scp> syndrome
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Debprasad Dutta, Madhu Nagappa, Binu V. Sreekumaran Nair, Sumit Kumar Das, Rahul Wahatule, Sanjib Sinha, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Arun B. Taly, and Monojit Debnath
- Subjects
General Neuroscience ,Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 2022
32. Plasma cytokine abnormalities in drug-naïve, comorbidity-free obsessive–compulsive disorder
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Rao, Naren P., Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Kalmady, Sunil, Cherian, Anish, and YC, Janardhan Reddy
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- 2015
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33. Serum vitamin D and hippocampal gray matter volume in schizophrenia
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Shivakumar, Venkataram, Kalmady, Sunil V., Amaresha, Anekal C., Jose, Dania, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C., Agarwal, Sri Mahavir, Joseph, Boban, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Keshavan, Matcheri S., and Gangadhar, Bangalore N.
- Published
- 2015
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34. Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases Specific activities and Expression as Biomarkers in Brain Tumor Grading and Correlation of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma G-III to Meningiomas G-I among Brain Tumors and their primary culture
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Muddobalaiah, Prabha, primary, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, Thammanna, Chethan Chandagalu, additional, Sagar, Bhadravathi Kenchappa Chandrasekhar, additional, and Swamy, Narayana Swamy Ramachandra, additional
- Published
- 2022
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35. Neurological manifestations of scrub typhus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and case fatality
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Ali M. Alam, Conor S. Gillespie, Jack Goodall, Tina Damodar, Lance Turtle, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Tom Solomon, Benedict D. Michael, Alam, Ali M [0000-0001-6014-3263], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Medicine and health sciences ,Research and analysis methods ,Physical sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Biology and life sciences ,Scrub Typhus ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Humans ,Child ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Scrub typhus has become a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in endemic regions. As a treatable condition, prompt recognition is vital. However, few studies have focused on describing the symptomology and outcomes of neurological scrub typhus infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the clinical features and case fatality ratio (CFR) in patients with CNS scrub typhus infection. Methods A search and analysis plan was published in PROSPERO [ID 328732]. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed and studies describing patients with CNS manifestations of proven scrub typhus infection were included. The outcomes studied were weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of clinical features during illness and weighted CFR. Results Nineteen studies with 1,221 (656 adults and 565 paediatric) patients were included. The most common clinical features in CNS scrub typhus were those consistent with non-specific acute encephalitis syndromes (AES), such as fever (WPP 100.0% [99.5%-100.0%, I2 = 47.8%]), altered sensorium (67.4% [54.9–78.8%, I2 = 93.3%]), headache (65.0% [51.5–77.6%, I2 = 95.1%]) and neck stiffness 56.6% (29.4–80.4%, I2 = 96.3%). Classical features of scrub typhus were infrequently identified; an eschar was found in only 20.8% (9.8%-34.3%, I2 = 95.4%) and lymphadenopathy in 24.1% (95% CI 11.8% - 38.9%, I2 = 87.8%). The pooled CFR (95% CI) was 3.6% (1.5%– 6.4%, I2 = 67.3%). Paediatric cohorts had a CFR of 6.1% (1.9–12.1%, I2 = 77%) whilst adult cohorts reported 2.6% (0.7–5.3%, I2 = 43%). Conclusion Our meta-analyses illustrate that 3.6% of patients with CNS manifestations of scrub typhus die. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for scrub typhus in patients presenting with AES in endemic regions and consider starting empiric treatment whilst awaiting results of investigations, even in the absence of classical signs such as an eschar or lymphadenopathy.
- Published
- 2022
36. Syndrome Evaluation System for Simultaneous Detection Pathogens Causing Acute Encephalitic Syndrome in India, Part-1: Development and Standardization of the Assay
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Sunil Govekar, Siddharth Anand, Latha P. Lakshman, Ravi Vasanthapuram, and Ravikumar V. Banda
- Subjects
acute encephalitis syndrome ,simultaneous detection ,molecular diagnostics ,syndrome evaluation system ,development ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
A large number of organisms are known to cause acute encephalitic syndrome (AES). A number of diagnostic tests have to be performed in order to arrive at a probable pathogen causing AES thus making it a very time consuming, laborious and expensive. The problem is further compounded by the lack of availability of sufficient volume of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, there is an urgent need of a diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of all probable pathogens responsible for causing AES. Here we report the development of a novel diagnostic method, Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) for the simultaneous detection of 22 pathogens including RNA and DNA Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasite all endemic to India and Southeast Asia in a single sample using a novel multiplexing strategy. Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) involves isolation of nucleic acid, multiplex amplification of the DNA, and cDNA followed by identification of the amplified product by sequence specific hybridization on SES platform with the final read out being a visually recordable colored signal. The total time required to carry out this diagnostic procedure is 7 h. The SES was standardized using the commercially available vaccines, panels and cell culture grown quantified viruses/bacteria/fungi. The limit of detection (LOD) of SES ranged between 0.1 and 50 viral particles per ml of CSF and 100 to 200 bacterial cells or 5 parasites per ml of CSF, along with 100% specificity. Precision studies carried out as per the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines, using two concentrations of each pathogen one the LOD and the other double the LOD, clearly demonstrated, that inter/intra assay variability was within the limits prescribed by the guidelines. SES is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool for simultaneous identification of 22 etiological agents of AES encountered both in sporadic and outbreak settings.
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- 2018
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37. The burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population: Results from a statewide sentinel-based population survey in Karnataka, India
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Lalitha R, Vinitha Thakar, Siddesh Kc, Prameela Dinesh, Rajesh Sundaresan, Asish Satapathy, Jawaid Akhtar, Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan, Mythri Ba, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Mohammed Shariff, Kumar D E Vasanth, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, C N Manjunath, Lalitha Krishnappa, Pankaj Kumar Pandey, M Rajagopal Padma, H.G. Sreedhara, Pradeep Banandur, Deepa Ravi, Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Nawaz Umar, Giridhara R Babu, Amrutha Kumari B, Ashok Munivenkatappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Anita Desai, Parimala S Maroor, Siva Athreya, Eunice Lobo, Shilpa Shiju, Lokesh Alahari, Krishna S, and Timmanahalli Sobagaiah Ranganath
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Cross-sectional study ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,India ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Antibodies, Viral ,Asymptomatic ,Article ,Immunoglobulin G ,Herd immunity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Karnataka ,Environmental health ,Case fatality rate ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Sentinel survey ,COVID-19 ,Antibody testing ,General Medicine ,Stratified sampling ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Objective To estimate the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Karnataka, India, and to assess variation across geographical regions and risk groups. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 16,416 people covering three risk groups was conducted between 3–16 September 2020 using the state of Karnataka’s infrastructure of 290 healthcare facilities across all 30 districts. Participants were further classified into risk subgroups and sampled using stratified sampling. All participants were subjected to simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG using a commercial ELISA kit, SARS-CoV-2 antigen using a rapid antigen detection test (RAT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RNA detection. Maximum-likelihood estimation was used for joint estimation of the adjusted IgG, active and total prevalence (either IgG or active or both), while multinomial regression identified predictors. Results The overall adjusted total prevalence of COVID-19 in Karnataka was 27.7% (95% CI 26.1–29.3), IgG 16.8% (15.5–18.1) and active infection fraction 12.6% (11.5–13.8). The case-to-infection ratio was 1:40 and the infection fatality rate was 0.05%. Influenza-like symptoms or contact with a COVID-19-positive patient were good predictors of active infection. RAT kits had higher sensitivity (68%) in symptomatic people compared with 47% in asymptomatic people. Conclusion This sentinel-based population survey was the first comprehensive survey in India to provide accurate estimates of the COVID-19 burden. The findings provide a reasonable approximation of the population immunity threshold levels. Using existing surveillance platforms coupled with a syndromic approach and sampling framework enabled this model to be replicable.
- Published
- 2021
38. The role of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and innovative analytical platforms for informing public health preparedness in Bengaluru, India
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Pulleri Kandi Harsha, Chitra Pattabiraman, Anson Kunjumon George, Madhusudhan J, Saumitra Mardikar, Mudasir Nazaar, Srivathsan Adimoolam, Divya Priya A, Jayee Pitale, Mahesh Nagarajan, Srikant Sridharan, Yasodha Kannan, Anand Janakiraman, Vamsi Veeramachaneni, Ramesh Hariharan, Vishal US Rao, Mohammed Shariff, Thrilok Chandra, K. Sudhakar, Randeep Dev, Ravi Vasanthapuram, and Vijay Chandru
- Abstract
A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance programme that integrates logistics, laboratory work, bioinformatics, analytics, and timely reporting was deployed through a public-private partnership in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka in India. As a result, 12461 samples have been sequenced and reported to the Karnataka State public health officials as time-sensitive, decision support during the last one year and uploaded in global public databases in a timely manner. This programme has developed an analytics platform for studying SARS-CoV-2 sequences and their epidemiological context. Continuous sequencing effort enabled timely detection of emergence of Omicron variant in India and the subsequent spread of the same and its sub-lineages with more logistic growth (BA.10, BA.12 and BA.5) in Bengaluru. Our data also helped to provide timely information on variants to determine which of the Variants of Concern tracked globally, were observed in Bengaluru, ensuring targeted efforts and reducing unwarranted fear. This effort highlights the importance of, and the urgent need to, increase genomic surveillance to support the states with limited sequencing and bioinformatics capacity. We describe the development and deployment of this end-to-end solution for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Bengaluru.
- Published
- 2022
39. Contact tracing of COVID-19 in Karnataka, India: Superspreading and determinants of infectiousness and symptomatic infection
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Gupta, Mohak, primary, Parameswaran, Giridara G., additional, Sra, Manraj S., additional, Mohanta, Rishika, additional, Patel, Devarsh, additional, Gupta, Amulya, additional, Bansal, Bhavik, additional, Jain, Vardhmaan, additional, Mazumder, Archisman, additional, Arora, Mehak, additional, Aggarwal, Nishant, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Akhtar, Jawaid, additional, Pandey, Pankaj, additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, and Babu, Giridhara R., additional
- Published
- 2022
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40. Do schizophrenia patients age early?
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Shivakumar, Venkataram, Kalmady, Sunil V., Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, and Gangadhar, Bangalore N.
- Published
- 2014
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41. Molecular Mimicry between Chikungunya Virus and Host Components: A Possible Mechanism for the Arthritic Manifestations.
- Author
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Vijayalakshmi Reddy, Anita Desai, Shankar Susarla Krishna, and Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging pathogen causes a self limited illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. However, 10-20% affected individuals develop persistent arthralgia which contributes to considerable morbidity. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying these manifestations are not well understood. The present study investigated the possible occurrence of molecular mimicry between CHIKV E1 glycoprotein and host human components. METHODOLOGY:Bioinformatic tools were used to identify peptides of CHIKV E1 exhibiting similarity to host components. Two peptides (A&B) were identified using several bioinformatic tools, synthesised and used to validate the results obtained in silico. An ELISA was designed to assess the immunoreactivity of serum samples from CHIKV patients to these peptides. Further, experiments were conducted in a C57BL/6J experimental mouse model to investigate if peptide A and peptide B were indeed capable of inducing pathology. FINDINGS:The serum samples showed reactivity of varying degrees, indicating that these peptides are indeed being recognized by the host immune system during CHIKV infection. Further, these peptides when injected into C57BL/6J mice were able to induce significant inflammation in the muscles of C57BL/6J mice, similar to that observed in animals that were injected with CHIKV alone. Additionally, animals that were primed initially with CHIKV followed by a subsequent injection of the CHIKV peptides exhibited enhanced inflammatory pathology in the skeletal muscles as compared to animals that were injected with peptides or virus alone. Collectively these observations validate the hypothesis that molecular mimicry between CHIKV E1 protein and host proteins does contribute to pathology in CHIKV infection.
- Published
- 2017
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42. External quality assessment of COVID-19 real time reverse transcription PCR laboratories in India
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Kaur, Harmanmeet, primary, Mukhopadhyay, Labanya, additional, Gupta, Nivedita, additional, Aggarwal, Neeraj, additional, Sangal, Lucky, additional, Potdar, Varsha, additional, Inbanathan, Francis Yesuraj, additional, Narayan, Jitendra, additional, Gupta, Swati, additional, Rana, Salaj, additional, Vijay, Neetu, additional, Singh, Harpreet, additional, Kaur, Jasmine, additional, Kumar, Vinit, additional, Kaundal, Nirmal, additional, Abraham, Priya, additional, and Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional
- Published
- 2022
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43. Impact of antecedent infections on the antibodies against gangliosides and ganglioside complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome: A correlative study
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Nagappa, Madhu, primary, Dutta, Debprasad, additional, Debnath, Monojit, additional, Seshagiri, DoniparthiV, additional, Sreekumaran Nair, BinuV, additional, Das, SumitK, additional, Wahatule, Rahul, additional, Sinha, Sanjib, additional, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, additional, and Taly, ArunB, additional
- Published
- 2022
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44. COVID-19: a boon or a bane for the microbiologists
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Ravi, Vasanthapuram, primary, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, additional, Wattal, Chand, additional, and Raveendran, Reena, additional
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- 2022
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45. Human Parvovirus 4 as Potential Cause of Encephalitis in Children, India
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Laura A. Benjamin, Penny Lewthwaite, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Guoyan Zhao, Colin P. Sharp, Peter Simmonds, David Wang, and Tom Solomon
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viruses ,human parvovirus ,high throughput sequencing ,PARV4 ,encephalitis ,epidemiology ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To investigate whether uncharacterized infectious agents were associated with neurologic disease, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 12 children with acute central nervous system infection. A high-throughput pyrosequencing screen detected human parvovirus 4 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of 2 children with encephalitis of unknown etiology.
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- 2011
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46. Development and Evaluation of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and Real-Time Detection of the Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1 Virus
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Parida, Manmohan, Shukla, Jyoti, Sharma, Shashi, Ranghia Santhosh, Sanna, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Mani, Reeta, Thomas, Maria, Khare, Shashi, Rai, Arvind, Kant Ratho, Radha, Pujari, Sujit, Mishra, Bijayanti, Lakshmana Rao, Putcha Venkata, and Vijayaraghavan, Rajagopalan
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- 2011
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47. Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021
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Prafulla Shriyan, BA Mythri, Ashok Munivenkatappa, Yamuna Ana, B Amrutha Kumari, KC Siddesh, Trilok Chandra, Ambica Rangaiah, Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Nawaz Umar, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Krishna S, H.G. Sreedhara, Rajesh Sundaresan, Siva Athreya, Giridhara R Babu, Eunice Lobo, Anita Desai, Jawaid Akhtar, Parimala S Maroor, Prameela Dinesh, R Lalitha Hande, KM Mythri, M Rajagopal Padma, Deepa Ravi, Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan, and Shilpa Shiju
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Estimation ,education.field_of_study ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,serosurvey ,Public health ,Population ,clinical sensitivity ,Article ,Karnataka ,Environmental health ,Case fatality rate ,Health care ,biology.protein ,Seroprevalence ,Medicine ,Antibody ,business ,education ,sentinel survey - Abstract
Objective Demonstrate the feasibility of using the existing sentinel surveillance infrastructure to conduct the second round of the serial cross-sectional sentinel-based population survey. Assess active infection, seroprevalence, and their evolution in the general population across Karnataka. Identify local variations for locally appropriate actions. Additionally, assess the clinical sensitivity of the testing kit used on account of variability of antibody levels in the population. Methods The cross-sectional study of 41,228 participants across 290 healthcare facilities in all 30 districts of Karnataka was done among three groups of participants (low, moderate, and high-risk). The geographical spread was sufficient to capture local variations. Consenting participants were subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and antibody (IgG) testing. Clinical sensitivity was assessed by conducting a longitudinal study among participants identified as COVID-19 positive in the first survey round. Results Overall weighted adjusted seroprevalence of IgG was 15.6% (95% CI: 14.9–16.3), crude IgG prevalence was 15.0% and crude active infection was 0.5%. Statewide infection fatality rate (IFR) was estimated as 0.11%, and COVID-19 burden estimated between 26.1 to 37.7% (at 90% confidence). Further, Cases-to-infections ratio (CIR) varied 3-35 across units and IFR varied 0.04–0.50% across units. Clinical sensitivity of the IgG ELISA test kit was estimated as ≥38.9%. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility and simplicity of sentinel-based population survey in measuring variations in subnational and local data, useful for locally appropriate actions in different locations. The sentinel-based population survey thus helped identify districts that needed better testing, reporting, and clinical management. The state was far from attaining natural immunity during the survey and hence must step up vaccination coverage and enforce public health measures to prevent the spread of COVD-19.
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- 2021
48. Second round statewide survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India
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KM Mythri, Siva Athreya, Eunice Lobo, Rajesh Sundaresan, Amrutha Kumari B, Jawaid Akhtar, Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Krishna S, Shilpa Shiju, Giridhara R Babu, Nawaz Umar, Trilok Chandra, Yamuna Ana, H.G. Sreedhara, BA Mythri, Anita Desai, Prafulla Shriyan, M Rajagopal Padma, Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan, Deepa Ravi, Prameela Dinesh, Ashok Munivenkatappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Parimala S Maroor, Siddhesh Kc, and R Lalitha Hande
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Estimation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Longitudinal study ,biology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,Environmental health ,Health care ,Case fatality rate ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Seroprevalence ,Antibody ,education ,business - Abstract
ObjectiveThe second round of the serial cross-sectional sentinel-based population survey to assess active infection, seroprevalence, and their evolution in the general population across Karnataka was conducted. Additionally, a longitudinal study among participants identified as COVID-19 positive in the first survey round was conducted to assess the clinical sensitivity of the testing kit used.MethodsThe cross-sectional study of 41,228 participants across 290 healthcare facilities in all 30 districts of Karnataka was done among three groups of participants (low, moderate, and high-risk). Consenting participants were subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and antibody (IgG) testing.ResultsOverall weighted adjusted seroprevalence of IgG was 15.6% (95% CI: 14.9–16.3), crude IgG prevalence was 15.0% and crude active prevalence was 0.5%. Statewide infection fatality rate (IFR) was estimated as 0.11%, and COVID-19 burden estimated between 26.1 to 37.7% (at 90% confidence). Clinical sensitivity of the IgG ELISA test kit was estimated as ≥38.9%.ConclusionThe sentinel-based population survey helped identify districts that needed better testing, reporting, and clinical management. The state was far from attaining natural immunity during the survey and hence must step up vaccination coverage and enforce public health measures to prevent the spread of COVD-19.
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- 2021
49. Reduced T cell immunity in unmedicated, comorbidity-free obsessive-compulsive disorder: An immunophenotyping study
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Subbanna, Manjula, Shivakumar, Venkataram, Jose, Dania, Venkataswamy, Manjunath, Debnath, Monojit, Ravi, Vasanthapuram, Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, and Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C.
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- 2021
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50. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch
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Darío García de Viedma, Angelica Bianco, Torsten Seemann, Nikita Sahadeo, Orna Mor, Richard R. Lessells, Christian Drosten, Nikki E. Freed, Aekyung Park, Chuan Kok Lim, Michal Mandelboim, Sanmarié Schlebusch, Georgi Merhi, Tanja Stadler, Kamran Khan, Ira Deveson, Joep de Ligt, Kirsten St. George, Nuno R. Faria, Mailie Gall, Matthew Storey, Chitra Pattabiraman, Teemu Smura, Andrew Rambaut, Tamara Salloum, Antonio Parisi, Sureshnee Pillay, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Ravi Vasanthapuram, Issac I. Bogoch, Xiaoyun Ren, Dirk Eggink, Jamie McMahon, Reina S. Sikkema, Satu Kurkela, William D. Rawlinson, Jennifer Giandhari, Maitshwarelo Matsheka, Tulio de Oliveira, Daniela Loconsole, Laurence Josset, Malebogo Kebabonye, Gape Nyepetsi, V. Sudha rani, Joana Isidro, Madisa Mine, Lars Steinbrück, Albert Heim, Áine O'Toole, Pramada Prasad, Martina Rueca, Alexander Watts, Chantal Reusken, Lex E. X. Leong, SeqCOVID-Spain, Marion Koopmans, Hamad Hassan, Antonin Bal, Alicia Arnott, Search Alliance San Diego, Jenny Draper, Vítor Borges, Houriiyah Tegally, Jemma L. Geoghegan, Jane P. Messina, Massab Umair, Neta S. Zuckerman, Sílvia Duarte, Olin K. Silander, Jad Koweyes, Mia Brytting, Maria Chironna, Anita Desai, S. Pavani, Harry Vennema, Verity Hill, Michael J. Carr, Kefentse Arnold Tumedi, Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Thomas F. Schulz, Barbara Bartolini, Gabo Gonzalez, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Thorsten Wolff, Oliver G. Pybus, Edward C. Holmes, Christine V.F. Carrington, João Paulo Gomes, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Muhammad Salman, Sima Tokajian, and Virology
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Infecções Respiratórias ,genomic surveillance ,air travel ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Genomics ,genome sequencing ,Virus ,Surveillance ,Pandemic ,B.1.1.7 ,B.1.351 ,N501Y ,Coronavirus ,Sequencing ,genomic epidemiology ,viruses ,Lineage (evolution) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,DNA sequencing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Genome Sequencing ,Genomic Epidemiology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Genomic Surveillance ,Haplotype ,virus diseases ,COVID-19 ,3. Good health ,Geography ,Air Travel ,Evolutionary biology ,Biological dispersal ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501YV2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected., Wellcome Open Research, 6
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- 2021
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