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Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is a serious complication which affects 2–10% of peptic ulcer patients. Peptic ulcer perforation presents with an overall mortality of 10% although various authors had reported incidence between 1.3% and 20%. Being a life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease, it needs special attention with prompt resuscitation and appropriate surgical management if morbidity and mortality are to be contained. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to the comparative study of Graham’s omentopexy versus modified Graham’s omentopexy in duodenal perforation. Materials and Methods: This prospective and single-center study was done in Birsa Munda, GMC Shahdol Madhya Pradesh from 2021 to 2023 for 2 years of periods. A total of 160 patients divided into two groups-Graham’s omentopexy 80 cases group “A” and modified Graham’s omentopexy 80 cases group “B.” Results: One hundred and forty-six (91%) were male and 14 (9%) were female with M:F Ratio 10:1. Most of the patients were 20–78 years of age in both groups. Post-operative leakage was 7.5% and 1.25%, respectively. Mortality rate in Group A (3.75%) and in Group B (1.25%). The overall mortality rate was 7.14%. In this study, average hospital stay was 12.4 days in Group A and 9.0 days in Group B. Conclusion: This study showed that modified Graham’s patch repair is as effective as Graham’s patch repair in terms of the mean operative time period, the timing of oral feed allow, and mean hospital stay timing.

Virtual Reality (VR) revolutionises education, offering a uniquely immersive and engaging learning experience. It fosters personalised learning, ignites creativity, and enhances understanding through interactive 3D models. These models transport students into a virtual world, facilitating better comprehension and memory retention. VR also addresses crucial educational challenges, such as catering to students with special needs and enabling remote learning. Nevertheless, VR also faces challenges like high initial investment and, hence, has limited adoption in education. Thus, to overcome this challenge, Additive Manufacturing (AM) is identified as an emerging technology that complements VR in education. VR provides a digital model, whereas AM provides 3D physical models, enhancing understanding in students. These technologies reduce paperwork, promote a sustainable environment, and facilitate students to learn from their homes, reducing their travelling requirements. This paper highlights that using these technologies in education contributes to achieving many United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.This is a review-based research, where a scoping review has been presented, with articles and research papers from the relevant sources collected and analysed to address the well identified research objectives. It also compares traditional and VR-based teaching-learning, provides a broad classification for the different education segments targetable through VR, the economic impact of VR on education, and significant applications and advantages of VR in education. We also propose using AM as a cost-effective enabler for VR in education, facilitating sustainability by achieving many of the SDG goals. Further, limitations and VR's implications in academia are presented to show a way forward.

The digital economy refers to the economic activities that emerge from connecting individuals, businesses, devices, data, and operations through digital technology. It includes online transactions across multiple sectors and technologies, such as the Internet, mobile technology, big data, and information and communications technology. The digital economy differs from a traditional economy because it relies on digital technology, online transactions, and its transformative effect on traditional industries Digital innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality, Blockchain, and autonomous vehicles all play a part in creating a digital economy. For this study, various papers on ”Digital Economy” and ”Industry 4.0” are identified from Scopus, Google Scholar and other research platforms and further studied briefly. This review paper has been developed after studying the digital economy and its needs in the Industry 4.0 Environment. The defining trends, key enablers, features and challenges associated with the digital economy towards Industry 4.0 are discussed briefly. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses the significant requirements of Industry 4.0 fulfilled through the digital economy. Today, customers are becoming aware of goods and services online and are turning to the industry for long-term solutions by deploying digital technologies. The digital economy is built on hyper connectivity, the growing interconnectedness of individuals, organisations, and machines due to the Internet, mobile technologies, and the IoT. Industry 4.0 technologies are automation, data exchange, cloud computing, robotics, big data, AI, the IoT, and other technological trends are all part of the industrial sector’s digital transformation, which aims to achieve industrial objectives and intelligent manufacturing practices that engage with customers, emerging technologies, and innovation. The economy is becoming more digital, changing how products and services are provided and consumed. A new road map is being provided by Industry 4.0 services to help many industries adapt their conventional methods and support the new revolution. In the digital economy, scaled-up, integrated ecosystems that leverage software platforms to generate value, build resilience, and stimulate innovation via networked goods, assets, people, and processes rapidly replace old, linear value chains with partner participation.

Lean 4.0, a fusion of lean manufacturing and digital technologies, is a powerful tool for implementing Industry 4.0. Its widespread use across sectors is driven by its ability to eliminate waste, reduce errors, boost revenue, and enhance customer care and efficiency. In the healthcare sector, this fourth lean revolution is particularly beneficial, as it helps to curb wastage and enhance efficiency, leading to more effective outcomes. Lean 4.0, a globally recognized best practice for industrial organisations, has proven its worth in enhancing performance and competitiveness. Its success has led to its adoption not only in manufacturing but also in non-manufacturing sectors such as Healthcare, finance, telecommunications, construction, and logistics. Its ease of use and effectiveness make it a superior alternative to traditional medical waste management techniques. Relevant papers on Lean 4.0 for Healthcare in the current literature are identified and studied to evaluate the impact of Lean 4.0 principles in Healthcare. This review-based research studies Lean 4.0 technologies and their needs in Healthcare. It discusses sustainable support for the healthcare sphere through Lean 4.0. Paper briefs several modalities of Lean 4.0 for the healthcare domain. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses the significant applications of Lean 4.0 in Healthcare. Lean 4.0 is essential to lowering errors that lead to medical mistakes since this business deals with life-or-death situations. Healthcare institutions need to reduce their overall waste reduction. With Lean 4.0, staff members working in quality management, clinical operations, consulting, and patient experience can progress into leadership roles in the healthcare sector. Lean 4.0 technologies can reduce waste production, including employing reusable medical equipment or cutting down on packaging waste. The possible difficulty of integrating digital technologies with healthcare systems and practices is Lean 4.0's limitations for the healthcare industry. Healthcare institutions can use refillable syringes and other disposable items to reduce waste rather than disposable plastic syringes. In future, healthcare institutions may save costs and lessen their environmental effect by minimising trash by using lean 4.0 technologies.

Digital Twin is a virtual replica of an item that is gaining traction in several sectors. This technology is creating significant advancements in the field of healthcare. A machine or a person's digital twin is a virtual replica of that entity. In order to create a digital model that can be tested and simulated, one has to gather enormous volumes of data through Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for the associated application. Based on the patient's lifestyle, regular eating habits, and blood sugar data, this technology helps to warn the patient about prescriptions, dietary adjustments, medical consultations, and other situations. Digital Twin uses a substantial quantity of data from multiple IoT devices and uses Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered models. Patients' own Digital Twin uses previous data insights to help select the most appropriate medication, forecast the results of a particular surgery, and control chronic illness. The main aim of this paper is to study Digital Twin and its need for the healthcare sector. This Paper discusses various features and services of Digital Twin for Healthcare. Various technologies and tools of Digital Twins for Healthcare are also briefed and further identified and discussed, along with significant applications. The healthcare sector has realised to create a framework focused on the patient. In the future, healthcare should think about more advanced ways to provide best-in-class treatment to the patient. Planning for the post-digital era is crucial as healthcare organisations continue their digital transformation initiatives.

Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering & technology that combines biomedical sciences with engineering principles. This discipline covers broad areas where biomedical engineers are involved in the fields of medicine, regenerative medicine & associated areas and in developing better products and services. Biomedical engineering offers software for simulation, 3D motion-catching and printing technologies for computer modelling and engineering. The discipline of biomedical engineering is a fast-moving, cross-disciplinary field covering medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology and informatics. Innovative medical gadgets, vaccinations, disease control products, robotics, and algorithms that enhance human health worldwide are being developed by bioengineers. Living tissues are formed of bioactive cells and stored in regulated circumstances on biodegradable scaffolds. The use of biomedical engineering concepts is to address issues with healthcare. Biomedical engineers create medical tools and procedures that enhance people's health by combining their understanding of engineering, virology, and healthcare. Blood glucose monitoring, pacemakers, and prosthetic limbs are examples of biomedical equipment. The main purpose of this paper is to study Biomedical Engineering and its need in healthcare. The paper discusses various innovations and research aspects of Biomedical Engineering in the healthcare domain. The paper further identified and discussed significant applications of Biomedical engineering for healthcare. Biomedical engineering is a fascinating field of life science that can change healthcare and open the door to new technologies in prostheses, operating equipment, diagnoses, imaging and more. The multidisciplinary area of biomedical technology provides better possibilities for biological research and engineering and changes how we interact with the world.

Polyphenols, as secondary metabolites ubiquitous in plant sources, have emerged as pivotal bioactive compounds with far-reaching implications for human health. Plant polyphenols exhibit direct or indirect associations with biomolecules capable of modulating diverse physiological pathways. Due to their inherent abundance and structural diversity, polyphenols have garnered substantial attention from both the scientific and clinical communities. The review begins by providing an in-depth analysis of the chemical intricacies of polyphenols, shedding light on their structural diversity and the implications of such diversity on their biological activities. Subsequently, an exploration of the dietary origins of polyphenols elucidates the natural plant-based sources that contribute to their global availability. The discussion extends to the bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols within the human body, unraveling the complex journey from ingestion to systemic effects. A central focus of the review is dedicated to unravelling the antioxidant effects of polyphenols, highlighting their role in combating oxidative stress and associated health conditions. The comprehensive analysis encompasses their impact on diverse health concerns such as hypertension, allergies, aging, and chronic diseases like heart stroke and diabetes. Insights into the global beneficial effects of polyphenols further underscore their potential as preventive and therapeutic agents. This review article critically examines the multifaceted aspects of dietary polyphenols, encompassing their chemistry, dietary origins, bioavailability/metabolism dynamics, and profound antioxidant effects. The synthesis of information presented herein aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and health enthusiasts, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between polyphenols and human health.

Management 4.0 assists businesses in evolving, surviving and performing in the competitive and dynamic world. This fourth revolution uses advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Holography, Additive Manufacturing etc., for the proper management systems. These technologies facilitate working personnel and make it more appealing to complete their duties efficiently and accurately. The main aim of this paper is to understand the concept of Management 4.0, its technologies and applications for proper management systems. As Management 4.0 enhances process control, the chance of human error is reduced, leading to increased efficiency. It enables rapid and intelligent decision-making, reduces costs, accelerates growth, and raises profitability. Management 4.0 technologies and advanced data analytics are helpful to make smart supply chain management well suited to fulfil industry 4.0. Thus, to overcome various obstacles and effectively deploy Management 4.0 technologies in manufacturing industries, top management must establish a clear asset performance management plan with the help of process engineers familiar with industrial system failure occurrences and what operators need to improve. Management 4.0 involves advanced technologies, system connectivity, data collection & analysis at the organisation level. Management 4.0 is expected to be a critical component in the long-term survival of any business, either manufacturing or service-providing organisations. This paper explores the development of Management 4.0 and its dimensions and transformations through Management 4.0 perspectives. Finally, the significant role of Management 4.0 for appropriate private management system in manufacturing industries are identified. Organisations require a system that seamlessly meets the company's expectations, consumers, investors, and other stakeholders to remain competitive, and Management 4.0 will enable this. Many businesses strive to integrate technologies and upskill their personnel to adapt to the new job duties and attract more workers with the necessary abilities.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has tremendous applications in this decade, which speeding up various design, engineering, and manufacturing processes. AM encompasses 3D Printing, 3D Scanning, and software support for designing, printing, and post-processing. It is helpful to the specific stages of the product development cycle by allowing manufacturers to produce better sustainable products than those previously limited by the limitations of traditional production techniques. This technological platform enables engineers and scientists to develop more robust and lighter functional geometries. It triggers an innovative surge in design. AM allows firms to produce complicated components that could not be produced through conventional technologies. 3D printers speed up tool cycles, improve measures and tests, and deliver customised solutions in every element of the development process. 3D printing lays the material in several layers until the product is manufactured per the requirements. This study provides a quick overview of AM, its substantial benefits, and the various types of AM that have been researched. Materials from the three polymers, ceramics, and metals classes have been utilised in all AM processes. This study also discussed the latest developments, featured AM-based process classes, and identified materials used in AM technologies. The authors have identified and discussed seventeen significant potentials of AM and finally discussed AM's potential for Sustainability. 3D printing offers incredible design flexibility, enabling us to build passageways that enhance performance, giving customers and operations great value. The benefits of AM for sustainability are evident in the manufacturing environment today. Readers should be able to access the knowledge structure of the subject through this study, which will assist them in recognising past research, the most active research clusters, and the strength of research relationships.

There is a growing demand for customised, biocompatible, and sterilisable components in the medical business. 3D Printing is a disruptive technology for healthcare and provides significant research and development avenues. Simple 3D printing service gives patients low-cost individualised prostheses, implants, and gadgets, enabling surgeons to operate more effectively with customised equipment and models; and assisting medical device manufacturers in developing new and faster goods. 3D printed tissue pieces can overcome various challenges and may eventually allow medication companies to streamline research and development. In the long run, it may also assist in lowering prices and making medicines more accessible and effective for everybody. There is a growing corpus of research on the advantages of employing 3D printed anatomic models in teaching and training. The capacity to 3D printing individual anatomical diseases for practical learning is one of the fundamental contrasts between utilising 3D and regular anatomical models. 3D printing is very appealing for producing patient-specific implants. This literature review-based paper explores the role of 3D printing and 3D bioprinting in healthcare. It briefs the need and progressive steps for implementing 3D printing in healthcare and presented various facilities and enablers of 3D printing for the healthcare sector. Finally, this paper identifies and discusses the significant applications of 3D printing for healthcare research and development. 3D printing services can be deployed to easily construct complex geometries in plastic or metal with good precision. This results in improved prototypes, lower costs, and lower part processing times. They can now physically create with natural materials, previously unattainable with prior technologies. Every hospital should have 3D printers in the future, allowing new organs/parts to be developed in-house.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ChatGPT developed by OpenAI is now widely accepted in several fields, including education. Students can learn about ideas and theories by using this technology while generating content with it. ChatGPT is built on State of the Art (SOA), like Deep Learning (DL), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning (ML), an extrapolation of a class of ML-NLP models known as Large Language Model (LLMs). It may be used to automate test and assignment grading, giving instructors more time to concentrate on instruction. This technology can be utilised to customise learning for kids, enabling them to focus more intently on the subject matter and critical thinking ChatGPT is an excellent tool for language lessons since it can translate text from one language to another. It may provide lists of vocabulary terms and meanings, assisting students in developing their language proficiency with resources. Personalised learning opportunities are one of ChatGPT’s significant applications in the classroom. This might include creating educational resources and content tailored to a student’s unique interests, skills, and learning goals. This paper discusses the need for ChatGPT and the significant features of ChatGPT in the education system. Further, it identifies and discusses the significant applications of ChatGPT in education. Using ChatGPT, educators may design lessons and instructional materials specific to each student’s requirements and skills based on current trends. Students may work at their speed and concentrate on the areas where they need the most support, resulting in a more effective and efficient learning environment. Both instructors and students may profit significantly from using ChatGPT in the classroom. Instructors may save time on numerous duties by using this technology. In future, ChatGPT will become a powerful tool for enhancing students’ and teachers’ experience.

Green Manufacturing is the term for innovative production methods aimed at reducing adverse environmental impacts via waste reduction, waste recycling, better natural resource utilisation, and other allied measures. It transcends the “reduce, reuse, recycle” strategy of 3R into a 5R approach: “repair, reuse, refurbish, rebuild and recycle”, which leads to much better utilisation of resources and longer product life. It is feasible to achieve “zero waste”. Reduction of hazardous emissions in manufacturing products and support for employees and the local community have helped firms reflect their efforts worldwide with the help of green manufacturing. The Internet of Things (IoT) may have overshadowed the green trend, but green production is not going away. The IoT can be another way to make a company more ecological, but Green manufacturing is vital to attaining sustainable businesses. To make this study relevant, papers on green manufacturing for Sustainability are identified from Scopus, Google scholar, ResearchGate, Science Direct and other research platforms and further studied briefly. This study summarises Green Manufacturing and its importance in establishing a sustainable environment. Different strategic tools and specialised methods for Green Manufacturing for a Sustainable Environment are identified and discussed, as well as crucial Green Manufacturing applications for a sustainable environment.

Cloud computing is one of the significant facilitators of the health information revolution in the healthcare business. The global exchange of records in the health sector through electronic media is facilitated by cloud computing. In healthcare, this technology increases safety and creates innovation. Communication with the health matrix throughout the world makes feasible by the application of this technology. Cloud computing has been utilised in health care for many years and has evolved in conjunction with developments in business. This technology establishes standard accessible hardware for diverse healthcare applications via a network connection. Cloud computing and processing ensure safe communication, and the cloud servers secure all essential data. Doctors can counsel their individuals on their health and broadcast their patient's daily health regimes, typically keeping their minds and bodies healthy. Psychologists and psychiatrists can use videoconferencing that makes patients comfortable with their patients. This paper discusses cloud computing and its need for healthcare. Major key advantages, barriers, and challenges of Cloud computing for the healthcare industry are identified. Finally, it discusses the significant applications of cloud computing for healthcare. Today more and more healthcare suppliers are providing Internet of Things (IoT) enabled gadgets to patients, and patient data are instantly communicated to their doctors by linking such devices to the cloud system of hospitals. As a result, cloud computing, in conjunction with fast-expanding technologies such as Big Data analytics, artificial intelligence, and the internet of medical things, improves efficiencies and expands the number of ways to streamline healthcare delivery. It improves resource availability, improves interoperability, and reduces costs.

A 3D scanner is a non-contact, non-destructive digital device that uses a light line/laser to accurately capture the shape of a physical object into Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. It generates a point cloud or a set of data points in a coordinate system that accurately depicts a physical object's size and shape. The urge of human beings to build and recreate 3D objects is an essential requirement in the context of Industry 4.0. In Industry 4.0, 3D scanners are helpful for designing, assessing the minor features of any product, capturing freeform, and providing precise point clouds for complicated geometry and curved surfaces. Today advanced technologies are being introduced in industries, and 3D scanning technology is one of the latest emerging technologies. The situation has progressed significantly, and the ever-emerging world of 3D technology still disrupts a variety of sectors. This paper discusses 3D Scanning, its working process, and its adoption for reverse engineering and Industry 4.0 culture. Finally, this paper covers essential features, traits, and applications of 3D Scanning for Industry 4.0. Using different methods, 3D Scanning can collect information about an item, about an object's highness, breadth, and depth. 3D scanners are available on the market from high-end possibilities. They have different resolutions, and now they provide details of the scan to superimpose colour on an object, but the industry wants them to be developed for other quality attributes.

Generative Pretrained Transformer, often known as GPT, is an innovative kind of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which can produce writing that seems to have been written by a person. OpenAI created this AI language model called ChatGPT. It is built using the GPT architecture and is trained on a large corpus of text data to respond to natural language inquiries that resemble a person’s requirements. This technology has lots of applications in healthcare. The need for accurate and current data is one of the major obstacles to adopting ChatGPT in healthcare. GPT must have access to precise and up-to-date medical data to provide trustworthy suggestions and treatment options. It might be accomplished by ensuring that the data used by GPT is received from reliable sources and that the data is updated regularly. Since sensitive medical information would be involved, it will also be crucial to consider privacy and security issues while utilising GPT in the healthcare industry. This paper briefs about ChatGPT and its need for healthcare, its significant Work Flow Dimensions and typical features of ChatGPT for the Healthcare domain. Finally, it identified and discussed significant applications of ChatGPT for healthcare. ChatGPT can comprehend the conversational context and provide contextually appropriate replies. Its effectiveness as a conversational AI tool makes it useful for chatbots, virtual assistants, and other applications. However, we see many limitations in medical ethics, data interpretation, accountability and other issues related to the privacy. Regarding specialised tasks like text creation, language translation, text categorisation, text summarisation, and creating conversation systems, ChatGPT has been pre-trained on a large corpus of text data, and somewhat satisfactory results can be expected. Moreover, it can also be utilised for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) activities, including sentiment analysis, part-of-speech tagging, and named entity identification.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution may help many sectors and industries, whereas healthcare will be significantly impacted. Medical advances will be swifter, better and more effective, quickly providing medications to patients. It will act as a leveller for healthcare services by making them available to everybody. Medical 4.0 is the fourth medical revolution, employing emerging technologies to create significant advancements in healthcare. New medical 4.0 technology has advanced significantly, ranging from mobile computing to cloud computing, over the previous decade and is now ready to be employed as commercially accessible, networked systems. Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations. This paper explores Medical 4.0 and its demand in the healthcare sector and discusses various progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 Practices are discussed diagrammatically. Medical 4.0 envisions a strongly interconnected health system. A hospital bed can be connected to the network and use patient data via the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, this paper explores & provides the significant applications of Medical 4.0 for healthcare services. In addition to being creative, Medical 4.0 decreases the healthcare burden in affluent nations and offers good services to less developed countries, providing comprehensive and high-quality treatment. Medical 4.0 is characterised by technical discoveries and developments in the medical profession to encourage patient-centred therapy and drugs. This digital transformation, where patients' data will be electronically collected and utilised by technology to better understand and diagnose them, replaces the doctor-centric treatment techniques with a patient-centric paradigm.

Industry 4.0 is a new stage in the organisation and control of the industrial value chain, interchangeably with the fourth industrial revolution. It has a broad vision with well-defined frameworks and reference designs, focusing on bridging physical infrastructure and digital technology in so-called cyber-physical systems. Apart from the other essential technologies, Holography is considered a new innovative technology that can completely transform the vision of Industry 4.0. In industrial applications, holographic technology is used for quality control in manufacturing and fracture testing, such as holographic nondestructive testing. Holography has a wide range of applications in medicine, the military, weather forecasting, virtual reality, digital art, and security. The fourth industrial revolution aims to provide automated asset monitoring, decision-making for corporate operations, and real-time network connectivity. This paper explores holography and its significant benefits through various development processes, features, and applications, where the focus is on ‘holography for Industry 4.0'. Hologram technology is a new industry trend and can impact multiple domains of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the adoption of holographic technologies may improve the efficiency of existing products and services in other technology sectors such as architecture, 3D modelling, mechatronics, robotics, and healthcare and medical engineering.

Sustainability 4.0 is being enabled through the effective adoption of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Machine Vision (MV), Data Analytics (DA), Additive Manufacturing (AM) and other modern technologies. These technologies enable services at significantly lower prices due to the effective use of energy and resources with lesser wastage. Manufacturers are constantly looking for methods to lower the operating expenses associated with production processes. Manufacturers might optimise their value chain's production and associated processes by adopting sustainability 4.0 technologies. Such technologies will help manufacturers select their optimal facilities and employees, lower operational costs, enhance productivity and resource utilisation and provide a picture of process gaps that can be addressed. Sustainability is based on the effective use and reuse of resources across the product life cycle, from materials and processes to equipment and skills. Sustainable manufacturing produces manufactured goods using economically viable procedures that reduce negative environmental consequences while preserving energy and natural resources. This paper briefs Sustainability 4.0 and its significant needs. Various fundamental technologies and futuristic research aspects for Sustainability 4.0 are discussed diagrammatically. Finally, we identified and discussed significant applications of Sustainability 4.0 in manufacturing. Sustainability 4.0 refers to a long-term vision for enterprises that allows them to continue perpetually without depleting resources faster than they can be replaced. Sustainability 4.0 entails empowering prosumers to co-create to reshape the economy and society toward social inclusion and environmental sustainability. The use of sustainability and digitisation to solve environmental, social, and economic problems appears hopeful and exhausting.

The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies has improved the flexibility of the entire manufacturing system. These technologies are the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Additive Manufacturing (AM), advanced robotics, virtual reality, cloud computing, simulation, and among others, have arisen to improve the flexibility in the entire manufacturing system. Industry 4.0 is becoming recognised as a unique industrial paradigm. It is predicated on the widespread adoption of communication and information technology, which would lead to improved organisational performance and flexibility. The incorporation of Industry 4.0 is the true game-changer in terms of flexibility and customisation. Manufacturers may utilise this technology to build digital twins of items used by consumers in the real world. The digital twin gets real-time information from sensors on the actual objects. Manufacturers benefit from digital twin and simulation technology, including predictive maintenance and making errors easier and faster to rectify. This paper discusses Industry 4.0 and its Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) capability. Different dimensions and technologies of Industry 4.0 Practices for improving FMS performance are studied,d and then discusses several flexible approaches using Industry 4.0 technologies are. One of the most significant benefits of adopting virtual infrastructure maintained by a service provider is improved flexibility. Cloud services allow auto-scaling, which means that the underlying computer resources automatically adjust to changing utilisation rates. Industry 4.0 increases production flexibility, allowing a facility to respond to market changes quickly. A plant control system automatically varies output depending on shifting utility rates, lowering production costs. Industry 4.0 offers some incredible benefits and has gone a long way in the last several years.

Radiology includes a wide range of imaging technologies that use different technologies to capture patients' data. Virtual Reality (VR) is an innovative technology that provides a clear virtual image of a patient. We see the vast potential of VR to provide a positive impact in radiology. Most relevant papers on Virtual reality in Healthcare/Radiology are identified from Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. Paper tries to technologically explore VR and its applications to improve radiological training and learners' participation levels. Paper briefs about Virtual reality and its working process steps for radiology based clinical treatments. Supportive features of virtual reality in the broad radiology domain are discussed diagrammatically. This paper's primary strength is identifying and discussing thirteen significant VR applications in radiology. VR is an important technology that is viable for healthcare. With the integration of various components and software, it provides a complete virtual display. In the starting years, this technology was for entertainment purposes. Nowadays, this technology is used to visualise the internal structure. The patient's internal or external parts are used to create more integrated interaction, providing a better procedure for guidance. A radiologist can benefit from this technology for trainees' procedural planning, in-process guidance, detection, diagnosis, and education.

The term ''collaborative robot'' is commonly known as Cobot, which refers to a partnership between a robot and a human. Aside from providing physical contact between a robot and a person on the same production line simultaneously, the Cobot is designed as user-friendly. They enable operators to respond immediately to work done by the robot based on the company's urgent needs. This paper aims to explore the potential of Cobots in manufacturing. Cobots are widely employed in various industries such as life science, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, aerospace, packaging, plastics, and healthcare. For many of these businesses, the capacity to maintain a lucrative man-machine shared workplace can provide a considerable competitive edge. Cobots are simple to use while being dependable, safe, and precise. A literature review was carried out from the database from ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and other research platforms on the keyword “Cobots” or “Collaborative robots” for manufacturing. The Paper briefly discusses and provides the capabilities of this technology in manufacturing. Cobots are programmed to do crucial things such as handling poisonous substances, from putting screws on a vehicle body to cooking a meal, etc. Human operators can readily control this technology remotely and perform dangerous jobs. This paper's overview of Cobots and how it is differentiated from Robot is briefly described. The typical Features, Capabilities, Collaboration & Industrial Scenarios with Cobots are also discussed briefly. Further, the study identified and discussed the significant applications of Cobots for manufacturing. Cobots are utilised in several methods and a wide range of application areas. These elevate manufacturing and other operations to new heights. They also collaborate with humans to balance the demand for safety and the need for flexibility and efficiency.

Industry 4.0 encourages the combination of latest technologies and manufacturing systems. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) may play a fundamental role in Industry 4.0 as it has capability of turning a 3D model data into a product without much human intervention. Moreover, the requirement for eliminated tools and fixtures and material waste make it suitable for industry of the future. The 3D model data, generated using modeling software is utilized in order to fabricate a three-dimensional object. However, the modeling software has some limitations regarding the conversion of the 2D digital image into a 3D model. It makes difficult direct additive manufacturing of 2D digital image. Although, there are some online resources available for this purpose. However, the detailed discussion on the algorithm is not available. Therefore, this article presents an approach for additive manufacturing of lithophane using 2D digital image. It mainly concentrates on the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) for generating point cloud data and STL using a 2D digital image in MATLAB environment. The developed algorithm is discussed in detail for lithophane fabrication. The proposed approach takes 2D digital image from the user and converts it into 3D model data. Furthermore, the material deposition tool path is also prepared using generated 3D model data. Finally, the proposed approach is validated and tested by performing additive manufacturing. The obtained results have shown the conformity between the additive manufactured lithophane and given a 2D digital image. The obtained results of the current study may be useful in industry 4.0 for fashion and jewelry products.

Industry 4.0 technologies provide critical perspectives for future innovation and business growth. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, Machine Learning (ML), and other advanced upcoming technologies are being used to implement Industry 4.0. This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technologies help create a sustainable environment in manufacturing and other industries. Industry 4.0 technologies and the crucial interrelationships through advanced technologies should impact the environment positively. In the age of Industry 4.0, manufacturing is tightly interlinked with information and communication systems, making it more scalable, competitive, and knowledgeable. Industry 4.0 provides a range of principles, instructions, and technology for constructing new and existing factories, enabling consumers to choose different models at production rates with scalable robotics, information, and communications technology. This paper aims to study the significant benefits of Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing and identifies tools and elements of Industry 4.0 for developing environmental sustainability. This literature review-based research is undertaken to identify how Industry 4.0 technologies can help to improve environmental sustainability. It also details the capabilities of Industry 4.0 in dealing with environmental aspects. Twenty major applications of Industry 4.0 to create a sustainable environment are identified and discussed. Thus, it gives a better understanding of the production environment, the supply chains, the delivery chains, and market results. Overall, Industry 4.0 technology seems environmentally sustainable while manufacturing goods with better efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

Agriculture 4.0 represents the fourth agriculture revolution that uses digital technologies and moves toward a smarter, more efficient, environmentally responsible agriculture sector. Agricultural technologies have emerged to enhance sustainability and discover more effective farm methods. This encompasses all digitalisation and automation processes in business and our daily lives, including Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), robots, the Internet of Things (IoT), and virtual and augmented reality. These technological advancements are having a profound impact on our lives. From a technical standpoint, it brings us to precision agriculture. This provides a data-driven strategy for efficiently growing and maintaining crops on cultivable land, enabling farmers to use most of the resources at their disposal. Throughout the supply chain, daily operations create massive volumes of data. Most of this information was previously untouched, but with the help of big data technologies, such information can be used to improve the performance and production of any crop. Depending on the crop type and its growth needs, digitised harvesters can help handle huge areas in various situations, particularly agriculture. This paper is brief about Agriculture 4.0 and its condition. Smart farming, Various key technologies and specific domains for the Exploring Agriculture 4.0 Domain are discussed in detail and, finally, identified and discussed significant applications of Agriculture 4.0 technologies. These technologies are essential to our lives since they simplify our daily duties without recognising them. In Agriculture 4.0 systems, fleets of digitised equipment employ current infrastructures like cloud computing to connect, identify the processing condition of different regions and the requirement for input materials and coordinate the machinery.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern paradigm with broad applications in various industries, including healthcare and its associated fields. The full implementation of this technology in the healthcare field is a shared goal, as it enables medical services to operate more efficiently and patients to receive quality care. There are various IoT technology-based healthcare system applications for improving the efficacy and quality of diagnosis & treatments. Globally, the healthcare sector is in a peculiar state. The global population is ageing, and the number of lifestyle and chronic diseases is increasing, whereas individual aspirations are increasing, whereas healthcare is getting expensive. Technological interventions can help to solve this problem. One aspect of problem-solving can be bringing health checkups from the hospital to the patients. This paper aims to study the IoT and its implementation in healthcare. Smart Features, Supportive Enablers, and Operative Work-Process Flow of IoT in the Healthcare Domain are discussed diagrammatically. In this paper, we identified and studied the significant applications of IoT for Healthcare. Various barriers and future challenges in adopting IoT in Healthcare services are also discussed. IoT in healthcare is beneficial at various stages of the patient healthcare-system relationship. Thus, Healthcare providers can obtain necessary health data via real-time monitoring of a patient's condition through intelligent medical devices linked to a mobile application. A physician can assess the patient's condition to develop a better treatment process. In healthcare, this technology can result in significant advancements in patient care management.

Machine Learning (ML) applications are making a considerable impact on healthcare. ML is a subtype of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that aims to improve the speed and accuracy of physicians' work. Countries are currently dealing with an overburdened healthcare system with a shortage of skilled physicians, where AI provides a big hope. The healthcare data can be used gainfully to identify the optimal trial sample, collect more data points, assess ongoing data from trial participants, and eliminate data-based errors. ML-based techniques assist in detecting early indicators of an epidemic or pandemic. This algorithm examines satellite data, news and social media reports, and even video sources to determine whether the sickness will become out of control. Using ML for healthcare can open up a world of possibilities in this field. It frees up healthcare providers' time to focus on patient care rather than searching or entering information. This paper studies ML and its need in healthcare, and then it discusses the associated features and appropriate pillars of ML for healthcare structure. Finally, it identified and discussed the significant applications of ML for healthcare. The applications of this technology in healthcare operations can be tremendously advantageous to the organisation. ML-based tools are used to provide various treatment alternatives and individualised treatments and improve the overall efficiency of hospitals and healthcare systems while lowering the cost of care. Shortly, ML will impact both physicians and hospitals. It will be crucial in developing clinical decision support, illness detection, and personalised treatment approaches to provide the best potential outcomes.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has vast potential in marketing. It aids in proliferating information and data sources, improving software's data management capabilities, and designing intricate and advanced algorithms. AI is changing the way brands and users interact with one another. The application of this technology is highly dependent on the nature of the website and the type of business. Marketers can now focus more on the customer and meet their needs in real time. By using AI, they can quickly determine what content to target customers and which channel to employ at what moment, thanks to the data collected and generated by its algorithms. Users feel at ease and are more inclined to buy what is offered when AI is used to personalise their experiences. AI tools can also be used to analyse the performance of a competitor's campaigns and reveal their customers' expectations. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that allows computers to analyse and interpret data without being explicitly programmed. Furthermore, ML assists humans in solving problems efficiently. The algorithm learns and improves performance and accuracy as more data is fed into the algorithm. For this research, relevant articles on AI in marketing are identified from Scopus, Google scholar, researchGate and other platforms. Then these articles were read, and the theme of the paper was developed. This paper attempts to review the role of AI in marketing. The specific applications of AI in various marketing segments and their transformations for marketing sectors are examined. Finally, critical applications of AI for marketing are recognised and analysed.

Industry 4.0 requires a strong understanding of Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS). An Industry 4.0-enabled manufacturing environment that offers real-time data gathering, transparency and analysis across all parts of a manufacturing process is known as cyber–physical systems, also known as cyber manufacturing. Data analytics enables executives to make data-driven choices and boost productivity, while automation speeds up manufacturing and decreases machine downtime. The main objective of deploying Industry 4.0 solutions is to enable manufacturing organisations to increase collaboration by making the correct information accessible to the right people in real time. The aim of encouraging optimal decision-making at the appropriate moment is to improve efficiency and production further. The critical terms in Industry 4.0, such as the CPS, Internet of Things (IoT), and Digital Twin, are widely used interchangeably in conversations about smart manufacturing. These are essential to Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing because they give users access to real-time operating data of the equipment they represent. Cyber components and physical components make up the two elements of CPS. The main aim of this paper is to brief CPS and its need for Industry 4.0. Embedded Processes and Smart 5C diagrammatically elaborate architecture of CPS for Industry 4.0. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses significant applications of CPS in Industry 4.0. For this paper, we identified and then studied relevant literature on CPS for establishing an Industry 4.0 environment. CPS is integrated into several items, including vehicles and other equipment, to carry out particular functions. CPS can be utilised in any industry, including engineering, manufacturing, transportation, and even health care, because they are all easy to use. CPS network collaborative systems are built for communication. Furthermore, cutting-edge network technologies like cloud solutions are used by CPS.

For many years, 3D Printing technologies have created significant advancements in the fields of engineering and healthcare. 4D printing is also introduced, which is the advanced version of 3D printing. The process of 4D printing is when a printed 3D object becomes another structure due to the influence of outside energy inputs such as temperature, light, or other environmental stimuli. This technology uses the input of smart materials, which have the excellent capability of shape-changing. The self-assembly and programmable material technology aim to reimagine building, production, assembly of products, and performance. 4D printing is applied in various sectors such as engineering, medicine, and others. 4D printed proteins could be a great application. With this new dimension, 3D printed objects can change their shape by themselves over the influence of external stimuli, such as light, heat, electricity, magnetic field, etc. This paper discussed a brief about 4D printing technology. Various characteristics of 4D Printing for enhancing the manufacturing domain, its development, and applications are discussed diagrammatically. Conceptualised the Work Process Flow for 4D Additive Manufacturing and finally identified ten major roles of 4D printing in the manufacturing field. Although reversible 4D Printing itself is a fantastic development, it is innovative, and it employs durable and accurate reversal material during the shapeshift. It helps us create complicated structures that cannot be accomplished easily by traditional manufacturing technologies. It seems to be a game-changer in different industries by depending on natural factors instead of energy and changes the way to produce, develop, bundle, and ship goods entirely.

Additive manufacturing (AM) produces a complex shaped product from its data, layer by layer, with high precision and much less material wastage. As compared to the conventional manufacturing process, there are many positive environmental advantages of additive manufacturing technologies. Most importantly, there is less waste of raw material and the use of new and smart materials. It appears to concentrate on the output of a component on lesser material waste, energy usage, and machine emissions. There is a need to study the environmental sustainability of additive manufacturing technologies and their applications. As more businesses aim to strengthen their eco-footprint, sustainability in AM is gaining momentum. Visionary leaders of the industry are continually challenging their employees to find new ways to reduce waste, improving their workforce's manufacturing environment, and find innovative ways to use new materials to become more sustainable. The growth in value-added components, goods, and services has resulted from these initiatives. This paper discusses the significant benefit of additive manufacturing to create a sustainable production system. Finally, the paper identifies twelve major applications of AM for sustainability. Although additive manufacturing and technological dominance are being established with crucial industries, their sustainability advantages are visible in the current manufacturing scenario. The main goal is to identify the environmental benefits of additive manufacturing technologies over conventional manufacturing. Industries can now decide on suitable technologies to meet environmental goals.

Open Artificial Intelligence (AI) published an AI chatbot tool called ChatGPT at the end of November 2022. Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) architecture is the foundation of ChatGPT. On the internet, ChatGPT has been rapidly growing. This chatbot enables users to discuss with the AI by inputting prompts, and it is based on OpenAI’s language model. Although ChatGPT is fantastic and produces exciting results for writing tales, poetry, songs, essays, and other things, it has certain restrictions. Users may ask the bot questions, and it will reply with pertinent, convincing subjects and replies. ChatGPT has now risen to the top of several academic agendas. Administrators create task teams and hold institution-wide meetings to react to the tools, with most of the advice being to adopt this technology. This paper briefs about the ChatGPT and its need. Further, various Progressive Work Flow Processes of the ChatGPT Tool are stated diagrammatically. Specific features and capabilities of the ChatGPT Support System are studied in this paper. Finally, we identified and discussed the significant roles of ChatGPT in the current scenario. The neural language models that form the foundation of character AI have been developed from the bottom up with talks in mind. This technology implies that the programme uses deep learning methods to analyse and produce text. The model “understands” the subtleties of human-produced natural language using vast amounts of data from the internet.

The Internet of Behaviour (IoB) is an effort to dissect behavioural patterns as explained by data collection. IoB is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, both are anticipated to experience exponential growth in the upcoming years. Healthcare firms have many opportunities to employ IoB to provide individualised services and anticipate patients’ behaviour. As behaviour and analysis are closely related to psychology, many techniques exist to collect relevant data. The IoB improves the doctor’s and patient’s experience. As IoT and IoB are interconnected, IoB technology collects and analyses data depending on user activity. These offer a practical technique for developing real-time remote health monitoring systems. This technology aids in the optimisation of auto insurance premiums in the healthcare sector. It tries to alter patient behaviour in order to improve the treatment process. IoB has applications in various areas, including retail and entertainment, and has the potential to change the marketing sector significantly. This technology is helpful for the appropriate analysis and comprehension of behavioural data used for creating valuable services for treatment. The primary purpose of this paper is to study IoB and its need for healthcare. The working process structure and features of IoB for the healthcare domain are studied. This paper further identifies and analyses the significant applications of IoB for healthcare. In the future, IoB technologies will give us a higher quality of life and well-being. IoB is the ideal fusion of technology, data analytics, and behavioural science. This will help healthcare professionals collect data and analyse the patient’s behaviours for an efficient treatment process. The IoB will be the digital ecosystem’s intelligence in a few years.

We report a comparative study of a single plasma and a colliding laser produced plasma, investigated using a Faraday cup. An enhancement in ion emission and stagnation is observed in colliding plasma plume compared to single plasma plume. We observed that fast ion generation in laser ablated plasma can be achieved at large laser intensity on to the target. As laser intensity increases ionic yield increases for both colliding and single plume and at a fixed laser intensity ionic yield decreases with increase in ambient pressure. The double peak structure is observed in the ion signal at large fluence where the peaks correspond to fast and slow species. A Faraday cup composed of nine collectors is used to measure the spatial/angular distribution of ion of expanding plasma plume. Ionic yield is found to be larger in the colliding plasma plume than the single plasma plume at all spatial/angular positions.

Financial service providers find blockchain technology useful to enhance authenticity, security, and risk management. Several institutions are adopting blockchain in trade and finance systems to build smart contracts between participants, improve efficiency and transparency, and open up newer revenue opportunities. Blockchain’s unique recording capabilities make the existing clearing and settlement process redundant. Banks and other financial entities are adopting blockchain-enabled IDs to identify people. Better results come from organisations’ capacity to foresee emerging trends in financial blockchain applications and develop blockchain functionality. The transfer of asset ownership and addressing the maintenance of a precise financial ledger. Measurement, communication, and analysis of financial information are three significant areas to be focussed on by accounting professionals. Blockchain clarifies asset ownership and the existence of obligations for accountants, and it has the potential to improve productivity. This paper identifies and studies relevant articles related to blockchain for finance. This paper focuses on Blockchain technology and its importance for financial services. Further takes up various tools, strategies, and featured services in Blockchain-based financial services. Finally, the paper identifies and evaluates the significant applications of Blockchain technology in financial services. Credit reports significantly impact the financial lives of customers. Recent data breaches demonstrate the superior security of blockchain-based credit reporting over conventional server-based reporting. Blockchain-based systems enable the faster, more cost-effective, and more customised issuance of digital securities. With its adoption, the market for investors can be expanded, costs for issuers can be reduced, and counterparty risk can be reduced due to the ability to customise digital financial instruments to the demands of investors. It uses mutualised standards, protocols, and shared procedures to give network users a single common source of truth. Participants in the business network can now more easily collaborate, manage data, and agree with this technology’s application.

We have investigated the Fano factor and shot noise theoretically in the confined region of the potential well of zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR). We have found that the Fano factor is approximately 1, corresponding to the minimum conductivity (σ) for both symmetrical and asymmetrical potential wells. The conductivity plot with respect to Fermi energy appears as symmetrical plateaus on both sides of zero Fermi energy. Moreover, a peak observed at zero Fermi energy in the local density of states (LDOS) confirms the edge states in the system. The transmission properties of ZGNR in the confined region of the potential well are examined using the standard tight-binding Green’s function approach. The perfect transmission observed in the confined region of the potential well shows that pnp type transistors can be made with ZGNR. We have discussed the Fano factor, shot noise, conductivity, and nanohub results in the continuation of previous results. Our results show that the presence of van-Hove singularities in the density of states (DOS) matters in the presence of edge states. The existence of these edge states is sensitive to the number of atoms considered and the nature of the potential wells. We have compared our numerical results with the results obtained from the nanohub software (CNTbands) of Purdue University.

Bacterial blight (BB) is a devastating disease of rice in the tropics of Indian sub-continent, where the presence of Xoo races with varying levels of genetic diversity and virulence renders disease management extremely challenging. In this context, marker-assisted improvement of plant resistance has been proven as one of the most promising approaches for the development of sustainable rice cultivars. The present study demonstrates the marker-assisted introgression of the three BB resistant genes (Xa21 + xa13 + xa5) into the background of HUR 917, a popular aromatic short grain (ASG) rice cultivar in India. The performance of the resulting improved products (near isogenic lines (NILs), HR 23-5-37-83-5, HR 23-5-37-121-10, HR 23-5-37-121-14, HR 23-65-6-191-13, HR 23-65-6-237-2, HR 23-65-6-258-10 and HR 23-65-6-258-21) establishes the utility of marker-assisted selection (MAS) approach for accelerated trait introgression in rice. The MAS-bred lines carrying three introgressed genes showed broad spectrum BB resistance (lesion length, LL of 1.06 ± 1.35 cm to 4.61 ± 0.87 cm). Besides, these improved lines showed the complete product profile of recurrent parent HUR 917 along with the enhanced level of durable BB resistance. The improved introgression lines with durable BB resistance would contribute to sustainable rice production in India, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic plane that has substantial acreage under HUR 917.

There is the increased application of new technologies in manufacturing, service, and communications. Industry 4.0 is the new fourth industrial revolution, which supports organisational efficiency. Robotics is an important technology of Industry 4.0, which provides extensive capabilities in the field of manufacturing. This technology has enhanced automation systems and does repetitive jobs precisely and at a lower cost. Robotics is progressively leading to the manufacturing of quality products while maintaining the value of existing collaborators schemes. The primary outcome of Industry 4.0 is intelligent factories developed with the aid of advanced robotics, massive data, cloud computing, solid safety, intelligent sensors, the Internet of things, and other advanced technological developments to be highly powerful, safe, and cost-effective. Thus, businesses will refine their manufacturing for mass adaptation by improving the workplace's safety and reliability on actual work and saving costs. This paper discusses the significant potential of Robotics in the field of manufacturing and allied areas. The paper discusses eighteen major applications of Robotics for Industry 4.0. Robots are ideal for collecting mysterious manufacturing data as they operate closer to the component than most other factory machines. This technology is helpful to perform a complex hazardous job, automation, sustain high temperature, working entire time and for a long duration in assembly lines. Many robots operating in intelligent factories use artificial intelligence to perform high-level tasks. Now they can also decide and learn from experience in various ongoing situations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a heartbreaking situation across the globe. It is affecting the human population both in terms of health issues and food safety concerns. Most of the countries are struggling to save their economies during the lock-down conditions. The fight against the COVID-19 is very tough; either one can save the economy or save his country's human population. It seems COVID-19 have all the negative impact across the world. However, there is also some positive impact of this pandemic, where we observe much reduced environmental pollution. There has been significant improvement in the air quality at almost all the places where lock-down is implemented. Air pollution directly affects our health and hence the quality of life. In India, air quality has improved much beyond our expectations during the lock-down. This paper studies the positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution in major Indian cities. In the air quality rating, the paper considers types of air pollutants like Particulate Matters and Gaseous Components as benchmarks. Authors have also used available literature to study the ongoing pollution measurements, impact, and change over time. The study analysed available air quality data of four metros, i.e., Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai, over the four months (National Lockdown). Two particulate matters (PM-2.5 and PM-10) pollution levels are compared with last year's values to identify the significant variations. Moreover, Gaseous components are used to analyse their impact on the country's human health and food ecosystem. The study analyses the effect of COVID-19 on air pollution, and the general recommendations are given. Paper identifies that there is a very good or positive impact of closing polluting units and vehicular movements.

Background and aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows extensive capabilities to impact different healthcare areas during the COVID-19 pandemic positively. This paper tries to assess the capabilities of AI in the field of cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technology is useful to provide advanced technology-based treatment in cardiology as it can help analyse and measure the functioning of the human heart. Methods: We have studied a good number of research papers on Artificial Intelligence on cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify its significant benefits, applications, and future scope. AI uses artificial neuronal networks (ANN) to predict. In cardiology, it is used to predict the survival of a COVID-19 patient from heart failure. Results: AI involves complex algorithms for predicting somewhat successful diagnosis and treatments. This technology uses different techniques, such as cognitive computing, deep learning, and machine learning. It is incorporated to make a decision and resolve complex challenges. It can focus on a large number of diseases, their causes, interactions, and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper introduces AI-based care and studies its need in the field of cardiology. Finally, eleven major applications of AI in cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic are identified and discussed. Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death in human beings, and it is increasing for the last few years. Cardiology patients' treatment is expensive, so this technology is introduced to provide a new pathway and visualise cardiac anomalies. AI is used to identify novel drug therapies and improve the efficiency of a physician. It is precise to predict the outcome of the COVID-19 patient from cardiac-based algorithms. Artificial Intelligence is becoming a popular feature of various engineering and healthcare sectors, is thought for providing a sustainable treatment platform. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology digitally controls some processes of treatments.

The term, Dentistry 4.0, coincides with Industry 4.0, in which the traditional methods of manufacturing and information are made more precise to enhance process efficiency by using automation and advanced computer technologies. The main of this paper is to discuss the major potential of Dentistry 4.0 technologies in the field of dentistry during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Thereon, Dentistry 4.0 is advancing on its way with the use of advanced technologies in dentistry. Dental healthcare makes an essential part of the overall health of the masses. New technological advancements are essential to make the dentist work quicker, patient comfortable, and process reliable. So, we introduced the concept of Dentistry 4.0 to improve efficiency and impart innovation in dentistry during this pandemic. This paper briefs about the Dentistry 4.0 technologies helpful for the COVID-19 pandemic. Further discusses various issues and challenges in implementing Dentistry 4.0 for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the paper identifies and discussed fifteen significant applications of Dentistry 4.0 technologies for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the onset of the pandemic, globally, the healthcare sector is taking initiatives to strengthen affordable and high-speed data connectivity. This up-gradation and investment will also help dentists to access patients' data from smaller towns or villages using Dentistry 4.0 technologies. Thus, globally there is the onset of the fourth dentistry revolution, and we understand that this will change the trend of dentistry during and post-COVID-19 Pandemic. Dentistry 4.0 technologies are helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic to create teledentistry, virtual clinical practice and connect all dental devices to improve health conditions. This approach is to help progress towards the integrated capabilities, patient-centric remedies with predicted results in an easier way than the traditional way of the health care industry.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are part of additive manufacturing processes and are used to manufacture a 3D physical model from a digital computer-aided design model as per the required shape and size. These technologies are now used for advanced radiology applications by providing all information through 3D physical model. It provides innovation in radiology for clinical applications, treatment planning, procedural simulation, medical and patient education. Radiological advancements have been made in diagnosis and communication through medical digital imaging techniques like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. These images are converted into Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine in Standard Triangulate Language file format, easily printable in 3D printing technologies. This 3D model provides in-depth information about pathologic and anatomic states. It is useful to create new opportunities related to patient care. This article discusses the potential of 3D printing technology in radiology. The steps involved in 3D printing for radiology are discussed diagrammatically, and finally identified 12 significant applications of 3D printing technology for radiology with a brief description. A radiologist can incorporate this technology to fulfil different challenges such as training, planning, guidelines, and better communications.

Blockchain is an emerging technology being applied for creating innovative solutions in various sectors, including healthcare. A Blockchain network is used in the healthcare system to preserve and exchange patient data through hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacy firms, and physicians. Blockchain applications can accurately identify severe mistakes and even dangerous ones in the medical field. Thus, it can improve the performance, security, and transparency of sharing medical data in the health care system. This technology is helpful to medical institutions to gain insight and enhance the analysis of medical records. In this paper, we studied Blockchain technology and its significant benefits in healthcare. Various Capabilities, Enablers, and Unified Work-Flow Process of Blockchain Technology to support healthcare globally are discussed diagrammatically. Finally, the paper identifies and debates fourteen significant applications of Blockchain for healthcare. Blockchain plays a decisive part in handling deception in clinical trials; here, the potential of this technology offer is to improve data efficiency for healthcare. It can help avoid the fear of data manipulation in healthcare and supports a unique data storage pattern at the highest level of security. It provides versatility, interconnection, accountability, and authentication for data access. For different purposes, health records must be kept safe and confidential. Blockchain helps for the decentralised protection of data in healthcare and avoids specific threats.

Introduction: On entering 11th and 12th standard students feels a load of studies and lack of energy to combat that, an increase in caffeine consumption is observed in students which have both short and long term side-effects. Aim: This study has been undertaken to throw light on the unspoken side of the coin called caffeine consumption by students of senior secondary school to relieve stress. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study done over a period of six weeks from 1st September to 15th October 2021. Data was collected from senior secondary schools of western Uttar Pradesh, India, via semistructured questionnaire which was followed by the audio-visual presentation about caffeine. After one week of presentation same questionnaire was distributed and change was evaluated and compiled in form of adequate tables to study the responses. Data were entered in an MS Excel and tabulated in form of tables. Results: Out of 1000 students, 920 (92%) students knew caffeine, among whom 500 (50%) students knew the side-effects of caffeine. A total of 780 (78%) students had a perception that caffeine is addictive. Among the reasons for caffeine consumption, to ward away sleep (51%) was the most prominent. Coffee was the most consumed caffeinated product (61%). Conclusion: From the present study, it be concluded that there is a lack of knowledge in students about caffeine intake and its side-effects which can affect their health.

Civilizations have witnessed a long list of diseases that have made a devastating impact on humankind's working in almost all aspects of life. At the start, COVID-19 bought the world to a standstill. Today lakhs have lost their lives, many are still struggling on the death bed, and large numbers have lost their jobs. The world's conventional education system seems to come to a halt with the physical closure of all schools and institutions. Understanding the losses that occurred due to several diseases, the present world has to prepare a backup strategy to reduce the economic and human losses. The paper aims to identify the measures required for minimizing the losses caused by COVID-19 to human evolution. Further, this study proposes a working mechanism for several affected sectors during the disease. The paper also discusses the current challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and possible make-over in the working platform. With the help of this sustainable working platform, the affected sectors from COVID-19 can be helped. Further, we can reset specific sectors and sustainably reshape the world.

In the era of advancement and progressive fourth industrial revolution culture, the demand of advanced and smart engineering materials has been increased. In this way, shape memory alloys are an excellent choice for industrial applications such as orthopedic implacers, actuators, micro-tools, fitting and screening elements, aircraft component components, military instruments, fabricating elements, and bio-medical devices, among others. This paper has been aimed to attempt the machine learning (ML) algorithms-based optimization of the different process inputs in electrical discharge machining of Cu-based shape memory alloy. The current study focused on study the behavior of response parameters along with the variation in machining input parameters The considered process input factors are namely as; pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), and gap voltage (GV) and their effects were studied on dimensional deviation (DD) and tool wear rate (TWR). The central composite design matrix has been employed for planning the main runs. The 2-D and 3-D graphs represents the behavior of the response parameters along with variations in the machining inputs. The novelty of the work is machining of Cu-based Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in EDM operations and optimization of parameters using Machine Learning techniques. Furthermore, machine learning based, single and multi-objective optimization of investigated responses were conducted using the desirability approach, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Teacher Learning based Optimization (TLBO) techniques. The parametric combination attained for optimization of multiple responses (TWR and DD) is: Ton ​= ​90.10 ​μs, Toff ​= ​149.69 ​μs, Ip ​= ​24.59 A & GV ​= ​60 ​V; Ton ​= ​255 ​μs, Toff ​= ​15 ​μs, Ip ​= ​50 A & GV ​= ​15 ​V; Ton ​= ​255 ​μs, Toff ​= ​15 ​μs, Ip ​= ​50 A & GV ​= ​15 ​V, using desirability approach, GA method and TLBO method, respectively.

Machine Vision (MV), like other digital technologies, is a critical component of Industry 4.0. The high volume of data accessible by visual equipment can well quickly detect & flag faulty goods while recognising their defects, thereby allowing rapid and efficient intervention in industry 4.0. The versions of MV are essential for efficient production on a scale with applications in quality assurance, enforcement, and inventory management. The removal of human error simultaneously minimises the probability of a mistake. This paper briefly discusses MV and how it helps Industry 4.0. Various collaborative features and smart technologies of MV for Industry 4.0 are diagrammatically presented. Further, the authors have identified and discussed twenty significant applications of MV for Industry 4.0. In Industry 4.0 and associated digital industry transition, every step in the process, including manufacturing, inventory control of the supply chain, and more, involves a different and innovative approach. One of the aims is to develop MV capable of seeing, communicating, and working with more accuracy better than human beings. Enabling robots to perceive and help people in dynamic systems provides the way for many opportunities. In the smart plant of the future, MV plays a significant role, in which automated production lines will adapt themselves to optimise productivity, performance, and profitability.

Quality 4.0 corresponds to the growing digitisation of industry, which uses advanced technologies to enhance the quality of manufacturing and services. This fourth quality revolution is envisaged to digitise the entire quality systems and subsequently improve the existing quality approaches. Innovative industries adopt cloud-based quality 4.0 innovations in the controlled production process. It is used to resolve quality problems satisfactorily when they emerge and carry out real-time quality analyses to improve competitiveness and use them. Various ongoing challenges are take-over by Quality 4.0 technologies, such as automated root cause analysis, machine-to-machine connectivity to parameter auto adjustment, simulation of real-time processes and more. Quality 4.0 is a modern form of quality management. Digital technologies paired with more sophisticated methods and smarter processes will allow high-performance teams to provide consumers with high-performance and quality goods reliably. Sensors play an essential role in improving the quality of manufacturing and services. These can improve protection, increased internal productivity and sustainable operations. This paper provides how quality 4.0 will have a significant impact in the field of manufacturing. Various Key Aspects and enablers of Quality 4.0 for Manufacturing are discussed, finally, Identified and discussed eighteen significant applications of Quality 4.0 in the field of manufacturing. Quality 4.0 not only concerns the things happening inside a factory; it also includes the complete supply chain from Research and Development (R&D), manufacturing, development, distribution, sales, and service after-sales.

Research sciences and medical societies have recently shifted into using cost-effective biosensors to test food & water contaminants, control human biologic processes, assess precise health diagnosis, and more. Researchers and medical practitioners need safe and cheaper means of performing their research, ensuring public safety, and delivering customised health options to patients. One such solution can be easily carried out by using biosensors. In the new medical field, biomedical studies of diagnosis are of growing significance. Biosensors' applications are for screening infectious to early detection, chronic disease treatment, health management, and well-being surveillance. Improved biosensors technology qualities allow the ability to detect disease and track the body's response to care. Sensor technology is integral to numerous, low-cost, and improved-form factors feasible in modern medical devices. Biosensors have good potential, as it is easy, scalable and effective in manufacturing processes. This paper discusses biosensors and their significant benefits in the medical field. Distinctive capabilities of biosensors in healthcare services and for cardiovascular disease are provided and shown diagrammatically. The paper also discusses various diagnostic biosensors for cardiovascular diseases and provides novel aspects of biosensors for clinical and allied services. Thereby paper provides significant advancements in biosensors in the medical field. Finally, fourteen major applications of biosensors in the medical field are identified and discussed. Biosensors' intelligent wearable properties now allow older people to control their health with lesser interference, and it directly exchanges their medical-related information with healthcare providers, thereby reducing hospital visits. Thus, biosensors have countless prospects for consumer and commercial uses in wellness, fitness, athletics, etc. Linked biomedical devices, apps, firmware, and sophisticated algorithms will do a lot, including allowing major new medical therapies and informing users about health reform, providing solutions and advice informed by real-time evidence.

3D scanning is one of the lesser talked about technologies used for designing, inspection, and quality control. This non-contact measuring technology converts a physical model into digital 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) with the help of various scanning software's. It is becoming an essential tool for producers who need an accurate dimensional inspection, virtual image, analysis, and even physical prototype manufacturing. This paper aims to discuss the potential of 3D scanning for the Industrial Sphere. It will take up 3D Scanners for practical industrial support and develop the Work-Flow Process of 3D Scanners for Industrial requirements. Further, the paper identifies and discusses sixteen major applications of 3D scanning from an Industrial perspective. 3D scanners use sensors to sense the data of any product. This technology can easily capture the virtual image of a physical part, and the same can be analysed, modified, printed, and stored. It allows for careful preparation of production systems involving machinery placement, facilities, repair and human ergonomic interplay. It is a vital performance measure to ensure the initial vision has been realised as intended. The automobile sector ensures that the produced product fits as per the manufacturer's requirement and for quality control. 3D scanning is helpful for reverse engineering, analysis, designing and measuring complex curved surfaces, education, architecture, survey, healthcare, quality monitoring, prototyping, development of industrial tools and many more. This technology uses advanced software for accurate measurement, storage, analysis, which helps increase the process's flexibility and reliability.