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1. The Gene Ontology resource: enriching a GOld mine

Author

Carbon, Seth, Douglass, Eric, Good, Benjamin M, Unni, Deepak R, Harris, Nomi L, Mungall, Christopher J, Basu, Siddartha, Chisholm, Rex L, Dodson, Robert J, Hartline, Eric, Fey, Petra, Thomas, Paul D, Albou, Laurent-Philippe, Ebert, Dustin, Kesling, Michael J, Mi, Huaiyu, Muruganujan, Anushya, Huang, Xiaosong, Mushayahama, Tremayne, LaBonte, Sandra A, Siegele, Deborah A, Antonazzo, Giulia, Attrill, Helen, Brown, Nick H, Garapati, Phani, Marygold, Steven J, Trovisco, Vitor, dos Santos, Gil, Falls, Kathleen, Tabone, Christopher, Zhou, Pinglei, Goodman, Joshua L, Strelets, Victor B, Thurmond, Jim, Garmiri, Penelope, Ishtiaq, Rizwan, Rodríguez-López, Milagros, Acencio, Marcio L, Kuiper, Martin, Lægreid, Astrid, Logie, Colin, Lovering, Ruth C, Kramarz, Barbara, Saverimuttu, Shirin CC, Pinheiro, Sandra M, Gunn, Heather, Su, Renzhi, Thurlow, Katherine E, Chibucos, Marcus, Giglio, Michelle, Nadendla, Suvarna, Munro, James, Jackson, Rebecca, Duesbury, Margaret J, Del-Toro, Noemi, Meldal, Birgit HM, Paneerselvam, Kalpana, Perfetto, Livia, Porras, Pablo, Orchard, Sandra, Shrivastava, Anjali, Chang, Hsin-Yu, Finn, Robert Daniel, Mitchell, Alexander Lawson, Rawlings, Neil David, Richardson, Lorna, Sangrador-Vegas, Amaia, Blake, Judith A, Christie, Karen R, Dolan, Mary E, Drabkin, Harold J, Hill, David P, Ni, Li, Sitnikov, Dmitry M, Harris, Midori A, Oliver, Stephen G, Rutherford, Kim, Wood, Valerie, Hayles, Jaqueline, Bähler, Jürg, Bolton, Elizabeth R, De Pons, Jeffery L, Dwinell, Melinda R, Hayman, G Thomas, Kaldunski, Mary L, Kwitek, Anne E, Laulederkind, Stanley JF, Plasterer, Cody, Tutaj, Marek A, Vedi, Mahima, Wang, Shur-Jen, D’Eustachio, Peter, Matthews, Lisa, Balhoff, James P, Aleksander, Suzi A, Alexander, Michael J, Cherry, J Michael, Engel, Stacia R, Gondwe, Felix, and Karra, Kalpana

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Genetics, 1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning), 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology), Animals, Arabidopsis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Dictyostelium, Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Gene Ontology, Humans, Internet, Mice, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Rats, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces, User-Computer Interface, Zebrafish, Gene Ontology Consortium, Environmental Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) provides the most comprehensive resource currently available for computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Here, we report the advances of the consortium over the past two years. The new GO-CAM annotation framework was notably improved, and we formalized the model with a computational schema to check and validate the rapidly increasing repository of 2838 GO-CAMs. In addition, we describe the impacts of several collaborations to refine GO and report a 10% increase in the number of GO annotations, a 25% increase in annotated gene products, and over 9,400 new scientific articles annotated. As the project matures, we continue our efforts to review older annotations in light of newer findings, and, to maintain consistency with other ontologies. As a result, 20 000 annotations derived from experimental data were reviewed, corresponding to 2.5% of experimental GO annotations. The website (http://geneontology.org) was redesigned for quick access to documentation, downloads and tools. To maintain an accurate resource and support traceability and reproducibility, we have made available a historical archive covering the past 15 years of GO data with a consistent format and file structure for both the ontology and annotations.

Published
2021

4. InterPro in 2017—beyond protein family and domain annotations

Author

Finn, Robert D, Attwood, Teresa K, Babbitt, Patricia C, Bateman, Alex, Bork, Peer, Bridge, Alan J, Chang, Hsin-Yu, Dosztányi, Zsuzsanna, El-Gebali, Sara, Fraser, Matthew, Gough, Julian, Haft, David, Holliday, Gemma L, Huang, Hongzhan, Huang, Xiaosong, Letunic, Ivica, Lopez, Rodrigo, Lu, Shennan, Marchler-Bauer, Aron, Mi, Huaiyu, Mistry, Jaina, Natale, Darren A, Necci, Marco, Nuka, Gift, Orengo, Christine A, Park, Youngmi, Pesseat, Sebastien, Piovesan, Damiano, Potter, Simon C, Rawlings, Neil D, Redaschi, Nicole, Richardson, Lorna, Rivoire, Catherine, Sangrador-Vegas, Amaia, Sigrist, Christian, Sillitoe, Ian, Smithers, Ben, Squizzato, Silvano, Sutton, Granger, Thanki, Narmada, Thomas, Paul D, Tosatto, Silvio CE, Wu, Cathy H, Xenarios, Ioannis, Yeh, Lai-Su, Young, Siew-Yit, and Mitchell, Alex L

Subjects
Generic health relevance, Computational Biology, Databases, Protein, Humans, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Phylogeny, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Software, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

InterPro (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/) is a freely available database used to classify protein sequences into families and to predict the presence of important domains and sites. InterProScan is the underlying software that allows both protein and nucleic acid sequences to be searched against InterPro's predictive models, which are provided by its member databases. Here, we report recent developments with InterPro and its associated software, including the addition of two new databases (SFLD and CDD), and the functionality to include residue-level annotation and prediction of intrinsic disorder. These developments enrich the annotations provided by InterPro, increase the overall number of residues annotated and allow more specific functional inferences.

Published
2017

6. Creating a specialist protein resource network: a meeting report for the protein bioinformatics and community resources retreat

Author

Babbitt, Patricia C, Bagos, Pantelis G, Bairoch, Amos, Bateman, Alex, Chatonnet, Arnaud, Chen, Mark Jinan, Craik, David J, Finn, Robert D, Gloriam, David, Haft, Daniel H, Henrissat, Bernard, Holliday, Gemma L, Isberg, Vignir, Kaas, Quentin, Landsman, David, Lenfant, Nicolas, Manning, Gerard, Nagano, Nozomi, Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy, O’Donovan, Claire, Pruitt, Kim D, Sowdhamini, Ramanathan, Rawlings, Neil D, Saier, Milton H, Sharman, Joanna L, Spedding, Michael, Tsirigos, Konstantinos D, Vastermark, Ake, and Vriend, Gerrit

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology), 1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning), Aetiology, Underpinning research, Generic health relevance, Computational Biology, Congresses as Topic, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Databases, Protein, Humans, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Proteins, Data Format, Library and Information Studies, Bioinformatics and computational biology, Data management and data science
Abstract

During 11-12 August 2014, a Protein Bioinformatics and Community Resources Retreat was held at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK. This meeting brought together the principal investigators of several specialized protein resources (such as CAZy, TCDB and MEROPS) as well as those from protein databases from the large Bioinformatics centres (including UniProt and RefSeq). The retreat was divided into five sessions: (1) key challenges, (2) the databases represented, (3) best practices for maintenance and curation, (4) information flow to and from large data centers and (5) communication and funding. An important outcome of this meeting was the creation of a Specialist Protein Resource Network that we believe will improve coordination of the activities of its member resources. We invite further protein database resources to join the network and continue the dialogue.

Published
2015

7. Structure and computational analysis of a novel protein with metallopeptidase-like and circularly permuted winged-helix-turn-helix domains reveals a possible role in modified polysaccharide biosynthesis

Author

Das, Debanu, Murzin, Alexey G, Rawlings, Neil D, Finn, Robert D, Coggill, Penelope, Bateman, Alex, Godzik, Adam, and Aravind, L

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Biotechnology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Generic health relevance, Bacterial Proteins, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Crystallography, X-Ray, Metalloproteases, Models, Molecular, Protein Structure, Tertiary, CA_C2195, Peptidase, DUF4910, DUF2172, HTH_47, Structural genomics, Mathematical Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Bioinformatics, Biological sciences, Information and computing sciences, Mathematical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCA_C2195 from Clostridium acetobutylicum is a protein of unknown function. Sequence analysis predicted that part of the protein contained a metallopeptidase-related domain. There are over 200 homologs of similar size in large sequence databases such as UniProt, with pairwise sequence identities in the range of ~40-60%. CA_C2195 was chosen for crystal structure determination for structure-based function annotation of novel protein sequence space.ResultsThe structure confirmed that CA_C2195 contained an N-terminal metallopeptidase-like domain. The structure revealed two extra domains: an α+β domain inserted in the metallopeptidase-like domain and a C-terminal circularly permuted winged-helix-turn-helix domain.ConclusionsBased on our sequence and structural analyses using the crystal structure of CA_C2195 we provide a view into the possible functions of the protein. From contextual information from gene-neighborhood analysis, we propose that rather than being a peptidase, CA_C2195 and its homologs might play a role in biosynthesis of a modified cell-surface carbohydrate in conjunction with several sugar-modification enzymes. These results provide the groundwork for the experimental verification of the function.

Published
2014

8. Genome Sequence of the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans): Vector of African Trypanosomiasis

Author

Initiative, International Glossina Genome, Attardo, Geoffrey M, Abila, Patrick P, Auma, Joanna E, Baumann, Aaron A, Benoit, Joshua B, Brelsfoard, Corey L, Ribeiro, José MC, Cotton, James A, Pham, Daphne QD, Darby, Alistair C, Van Den Abbeele, Jan, Denlinger, David L, Field, Linda M, Nyanjom, Steven RG, Gaunt, Michael W, Geiser, Dawn L, Gomulski, Ludvik M, Haines, Lee R, Hansen, Immo A, Jones, Jeffery W, Kibet, Caleb K, Kinyua, Johnson K, Larkin, Denis M, Lehane, Michael J, Rio, Rita VM, Macdonald, Sandy J, Macharia, Rosaline W, Malacrida, Anna R, Marco, Heather G, Marucha, Kevin K, Masiga, Daniel K, Meuti, Megan E, Mireji, Paul O, Obiero, George FO, Koekemoer, Jacobus JO, Okoro, Chinyere K, Omedo, Irene A, Osamor, Victor C, Balyeidhusa, Apollo SP, Peyton, Justin T, Price, David P, Quail, Michael A, Ramphul, Urvashi N, Rawlings, Neil D, Riehle, Michael A, Robertson, Hugh M, Sanders, Mandy J, Scott, Maxwell J, Dashti, Zahra Jalali Sefid, Snyder, Anna K, Srivastava, Tulika P, Stanley, Eleanor J, Swain, Martin T, Hughes, Daniel ST, Tarone, Aaron M, Taylor, Todd D, Telleria, Erich L, Thomas, Gavin H, Walshe, Deirdre P, Wilson, Richard K, Winzerling, Joy J, Acosta-Serrano, Alvaro, Aksoy, Serap, Arensburger, Peter, Aslett, Martin, Bateta, Rosemary, Benkahla, Alia, Berriman, Matthew, Bourtzis, Kostas, Caers, Jelle, Caljon, Guy, Christoffels, Alan, Falchetto, Marco, Friedrich, Markus, Fu, Shuhua, Gäde, Gerd, Githinji, George, Gregory, Richard, Hall, Neil, Harkins, Gordon, Hattori, Masahira, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Hide, Winston, Hu, Wanqi, Imanishi, Tadashi, Inoue, Noboru, Jonas, Mario, Kawahara, Yoshihiro, Koffi, Mathurin, Kruger, Adele, Lawson, Daniel, Lehane, Stella, Lehväslaiho, Heikki, Luiz, Thiago, Makgamathe, Mmule, Malele, Imna, Manangwa, Oliver, Manga, Lucien, and Megy, Karyn

Subjects
Vector-Borne Diseases, Genetics, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Biotechnology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Blood, Feeding Behavior, Female, Genes, Insect, Genome, Insect, Insect Proteins, Insect Vectors, Microbiota, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Molecular Sequence Data, Reproduction, Salivary Glands, Sensation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Symbiosis, Trypanosoma, Trypanosomiasis, African, Tsetse Flies, Wolbachia, International Glossina Genome Initiative, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of human African trypanosomiasis throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Both sexes of adult tsetse feed exclusively on blood and contribute to disease transmission. Notable differences between tsetse and other disease vectors include obligate microbial symbioses, viviparous reproduction, and lactation. Here, we describe the sequence and annotation of the 366-megabase Glossina morsitans morsitans genome. Analysis of the genome and the 12,308 predicted protein-encoding genes led to multiple discoveries, including chromosomal integrations of bacterial (Wolbachia) genome sequences, a family of lactation-specific proteins, reduced complement of host pathogen recognition proteins, and reduced olfaction/chemosensory associated genes. These genome data provide a foundation for research into trypanosomiasis prevention and yield important insights with broad implications for multiple aspects of tsetse biology.

Published
2014

9. Hydrolases & Lipases in GtoPdb v.2023.3

Author

Alexander, Stephen P.H., primary, Doherty, Patrick, primary, Fairlie, David, primary, Fowler, Christopher J., primary, Overall, Christopher M., primary, Rawlings, Neil, primary, Southan, Christopher, primary, and Turner, Anthony J., primary

Published
2023
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10. LUD, a new protein domain associated with lactate utilization

Author

Hwang, William C, Bakolitsa, Constantina, Punta, Marco, Coggill, Penelope C, Bateman, Alex, Axelrod, Herbert L, Rawlings, Neil D, Sedova, Mayya, Peterson, Scott N, Eberhardt, Ruth Y, Aravind, L, Pascual, Jaime, and Godzik, Adam

Subjects
Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Crystallography, X-Ray, Deinococcus, Humans, Lactic Acid, Microbiota, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Structure, Tertiary, LUD, DUF162, LutB, LutC, Domain of unknown function, Deinococcus radiodurans, Mathematical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

BackgroundA novel highly conserved protein domain, DUF162 [Pfam: PF02589], can be mapped to two proteins: LutB and LutC. Both proteins are encoded by a highly conserved LutABC operon, which has been implicated in lactate utilization in bacteria. Based on our analysis of its sequence, structure, and recent experimental evidence reported by other groups, we hereby redefine DUF162 as the LUD domain family.ResultsJCSG solved the first crystal structure [PDB:2G40] from the LUD domain family: LutC protein, encoded by ORF DR_1909, of Deinococcus radiodurans. LutC shares features with domains in the functionally diverse ISOCOT superfamily. We have observed that the LUD domain has an increased abundance in the human gut microbiome.ConclusionsWe propose a model for the substrate and cofactor binding and regulation in LUD domain. The significance of LUD-containing proteins in the human gut microbiome, and the implication of lactate metabolism in the radiation-resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans are discussed.

Published
2013

11. Structural and sequence analysis of imelysin-like proteins implicated in bacterial iron uptake.

Author

Xu, Qingping, Rawlings, Neil D, Farr, Carol L, Chiu, Hsiu-Ju, Grant, Joanna C, Jaroszewski, Lukasz, Klock, Heath E, Knuth, Mark W, Miller, Mitchell D, Weekes, Dana, Elsliger, Marc-André, Deacon, Ashley M, Godzik, Adam, Lesley, Scott A, and Wilson, Ian A

Subjects
Bacteroides, Psychrobacter, Iron, Bacterial Proteins, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acid Motifs, Conserved Sequence, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Structure-Activity Relationship, Biological Transport, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Models, Molecular, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Sequence Analysis, Protein, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Imelysin-like proteins define a superfamily of bacterial proteins that are likely involved in iron uptake. Members of this superfamily were previously thought to be peptidases and were included in the MEROPS family M75. We determined the first crystal structures of two remotely related, imelysin-like proteins. The Psychrobacter arcticus structure was determined at 2.15 Å resolution and contains the canonical imelysin fold, while higher resolution structures from the gut bacteria Bacteroides ovatus, in two crystal forms (at 1.25 Å and 1.44 Å resolution), have a circularly permuted topology. Both structures are highly similar to each other despite low sequence similarity and circular permutation. The all-helical structure can be divided into two similar four-helix bundle domains. The overall structure and the GxHxxE motif region differ from known HxxE metallopeptidases, suggesting that imelysin-like proteins are not peptidases. A putative functional site is located at the domain interface. We have now organized the known homologous proteins into a superfamily, which can be separated into four families. These families share a similar functional site, but each has family-specific structural and sequence features. These results indicate that imelysin-like proteins have evolved from a common ancestor, and likely have a conserved function.

Published
2011

12. Structural analysis of papain-like NlpC/P60 superfamily enzymes with a circularly permuted topology reveals potential lipid binding sites.

Author

Xu, Qingping, Rawlings, Neil D, Chiu, Hsiu-Ju, Jaroszewski, Lukasz, Klock, Heath E, Knuth, Mark W, Miller, Mitchell D, Elsliger, Marc-Andre, Deacon, Ashley M, Godzik, Adam, Lesley, Scott A, and Wilson, Ian A

Subjects
Humans, Bacillus cereus, Papain, Fatty Acids, Lipoproteins, Bacterial Proteins, Ligands, Binding Sites, Amino Acid Sequence, Catalytic Domain, Conserved Sequence, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Lipid Metabolism, Biocatalysis, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Models, Molecular, General Science & Technology
Abstract

NlpC/P60 superfamily papain-like enzymes play important roles in all kingdoms of life. Two members of this superfamily, LRAT-like and YaeF/YiiX-like families, were predicted to contain a catalytic domain that is circularly permuted such that the catalytic cysteine is located near the C-terminus, instead of at the N-terminus. These permuted enzymes are widespread in virus, pathogenic bacteria, and eukaryotes. We determined the crystal structure of a member of the YaeF/YiiX-like family from Bacillus cereus in complex with lysine. The structure, which adopts a ligand-induced, "closed" conformation, confirms the circular permutation of catalytic residues. A comparative analysis of other related protein structures within the NlpC/P60 superfamily is presented. Permutated NlpC/P60 enzymes contain a similar conserved core and arrangement of catalytic residues, including a Cys/His-containing triad and an additional conserved tyrosine. More surprisingly, permuted enzymes have a hydrophobic S1 binding pocket that is distinct from previously characterized enzymes in the family, indicative of novel substrate specificity. Further analysis of a structural homolog, YiiX (PDB 2if6) identified a fatty acid in the conserved hydrophobic pocket, thus providing additional insights into possible function of these novel enzymes.

Published
2011

14. Hydrolases in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Author

Alexander, Stephen P.H., primary, Doherty, Patrick, primary, Fairlie, David, primary, Fowler, Christopher J., primary, Overall, Christopher M., primary, Rawlings, Neil, primary, Southan, Christopher, primary, and Turner, Anthony J., primary

Published
2023
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16. Genome of the Host-Cell Transforming Parasite Theileria annulata Compared with T. parva

Author

Pain, Arnab, Renauld, Hubert, Berriman, Matthew, Murphy, Lee, Yeats, Corin A., Weir, William, Kerhornou, Arnaud, Aslett, Martin, Bishop, Richard, Bouchier, Christiane, Cochet, Madeleine, Cronin, Ann, de Villiers, Etienne P., Fraser, Audrey, Fosker, Nigel, Gardner, Malcolm, Goble, Arlette, Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Harris, David E., Katzer, Frank, Larke, Natasha, Lord, Angela, Maser, Pascal, McKellar, Sue, Mooney, Paul, Morton, Fraser, Nene, Vishvanath, O'Neil, Susan, Price, Claire, Quail, Michael A., Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Rawlings, Neil D., Rutter, Simon, Saunders, David, Seeger, Kathy, Shah, Trushar, Squares, Robert, Squares, Steven, Tivey, Adrian, Walker, Alan R., Woodward, John, Langsley, Gordon, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, McKeever, Declan, Shiels, Brian, Tait, Andrew, Barrell, Bart, and Hall, Neil

Published
2005

27. Introduction

Author

Barrett, Alan J., primary, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, Salvesen, Guy, additional, and Fred Woessner, J., additional

Published
2013
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32. Contributors

Author

Abbott, Catherine Anne, primary, Abraham, Carmela R., additional, Adachi, Hideki, additional, Adachi, Osao, additional, Adam, Zach, additional, Adams, Michael W.W., additional, Adang, Michael J., additional, Adham, Ibrahim M., additional, Aducci, Patrizia, additional, Agard, David A., additional, Agranovsky, Alexey A., additional, Akamatsu, Tetsuya, additional, Akiyama, Yoshinori, additional, Albrechtsen, Reidar, additional, Alejo, Alí, additional, Amberg, Sean M., additional, Amerik, Alexander Y., additional, Amparyup, Piti, additional, Andrade, Felipe, additional, Andrés, Germán, additional, Andrews, Daniel M., additional, Andrews, Robert K., additional, Antalis, Toni M., additional, Anthony, Colin S., additional, Aoki, Naoya, additional, Apte, Suneel S., additional, Arima, Kazunari, additional, Arlaud, Gérard, additional, Arni, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy, additional, Arnoux, Pascal, additional, Aronson, Nathan N., additional, Arthur, Michel, additional, Asano, Yasuhisa, additional, Ascenzi, Paolo, additional, Assakura, Marina T., additional, Auld, David S., additional, Ávila, Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues, additional, Avilés, Francesc X., additional, Awad, William M., additional, Bachhawat, Anand K., additional, Bai, Shan, additional, Baird, Teaster T., additional, Bajaj, S. Paul, additional, Baker, Susan C., additional, Banbula, Agnieszka, additional, Barrett, Alan J., additional, Barrowman, Jemima, additional, Bartlett, John D., additional, Bartsch, Jörg W., additional, Baschuk, Nikola, additional, Baskova, Isolda P., additional, Batra, Jyotsna, additional, Bauer, Karl, additional, Baumann, Ulrich, additional, Baumeister, Wolfgang, additional, Bauvois, Cédric, additional, Bayés, Alex, additional, Beauvais, Anne, additional, Becker-Pauly, Christoph, additional, Begley, Tadhg P., additional, Békés, Miklós, additional, Belas, Robert, additional, Beleford, Daniah, additional, Beppu, Teruhiko, additional, Bergmann, Ernst M., additional, Bernard, Bruno A., additional, Bernard, Dominique, additional, Berndt, Michael C., additional, Berruti, Giovanna, additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Bertenshaw, Greg P., additional, Betzel, Christian, additional, Bhaskarla, Chetana, additional, Bhosale, Manoj, additional, Bierbaum, Gabriele, additional, Bjarnason Jón, B., additional, Blaber, Michael, additional, Blackman, Michael J., additional, Blinkovsky, Alexander, additional, Boeke, Jef D., additional, Bogyo, Matthew, additional, Bohn, Stefan, additional, Boileau, Guy, additional, Boland, Mike, additional, Bolken, Tové C., additional, Bond, Judith S., additional, Bondeson, Jan, additional, Bordallo, Javier, additional, Borelli, Claudia, additional, Botelho, Tiago O., additional, Bott, Richard R., additional, Bourne, David G., additional, Bovenschen, Niels, additional, Bradshaw, Ralph A., additional, Breddam, Klaus, additional, Brew, Keith, additional, Brindley, Paul J., additional, Brinkman, Diane L., additional, Britton, Collette, additional, Broadbent, Jeff R., additional, Broadhurst, Anne, additional, Brómme, Dieter, additional, Broom, Murray, additional, Brown, Jeremy S., additional, Brown, Mark A., additional, Bruchhaus, Iris, additional, Burleigh, Barbara A., additional, Burns, Kristin E., additional, Burrows, James F., additional, Butler, Michael J., additional, Buttle, David J., additional, Byrd, Chelsea M., additional, Byun, Tony, additional, Cadel, Sandrine, additional, Caffrey, Conor R., additional, Cal, Santiago, additional, Caldentey, Javier, additional, Candela, Thomas, additional, Capasso, Clemente, additional, Capriogilio, Daniel R., additional, Carginale, Vincenzo, additional, Carmona, Adriana Karaoglanovic, additional, Carruthers, Vern B., additional, Castellino, Francis J., additional, Catanese, Joseph J., additional, Caterson, Bruce, additional, Caughey, George H., additional, Cawley, Naimh X., additional, Cawston, Tim E., additional, Cazzulo, Juan José, additional, Chai, Jijie, additional, Chai, Karl X., additional, Chaim, Olga Meiri, additional, Chang, L.S., additional, Chao, Julie, additional, Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre, additional, Charli, Jean-Louis, additional, Charlier, Paulette, additional, Chave, Karen J., additional, Chen, Jian-Min, additional, Chen, Jinq-May, additional, Chen, Li-Mei, additional, Chen, Ya-Wen, additional, Chen, Yu-Yen, additional, Chevrier, Bernard, additional, Chich, Jean-François, additional, Chien, Jeremy, additional, Chimalapati, Suneeta, additional, Cho, Ki Joon, additional, Choi, Kwan Yong, additional, Chuang, Woei-Jer, additional, Chung, Chin Ha, additional, Chung, Ivy Yeuk Wah, additional, Clamagirand, Christine, additional, Clark, Ian M., additional, Clarke, Adrian K., additional, Clarke, Nicola E., additional, Clarke, Steven Gerard, additional, Clauziat, Philippe, additional, Clements, Judith A., additional, Coffinier, Catherine, additional, Cohen, Paul, additional, Colige, Alain, additional, Collignon, Anne, additional, Colloms, Sean D., additional, Conzelmann, Andreas, additional, Coombs, Graham H., additional, Cooney, Jakki C., additional, Cooper, Jonathan B., additional, Cooper, Max D., additional, Copeland, Nikki A., additional, Cottrell, Graeme S., additional, Coyle, Joseph T., additional, Craik, Charles S., additional, Creemers, John W.M., additional, Cretu, Daniela, additional, Croce, Jenifer, additional, Cross, Keith J., additional, Cueva, Rosario, additional, Cui, Sheng, additional, Cunha, Luis, additional, Cutting, Simon, additional, d’Enfert, Christophe, additional, D’Orchymont, Hugues, additional, Dahlbäck, Björn, additional, Dai, Shujia, additional, Dalbey, Ross E., additional, Dalton, John P., additional, Dando, Pam M., additional, Daniel, R.M., additional, Danilov, Sergei M., additional, Davies, Donna E., additional, De Araujo, Heloisa S., additional, De los Santos, Teresa, additional, de Luca, Viviana, additional, De Meester, Ingrid, additional, de Oliveira, Ana Karina, additional, de Oliveira, Eduardo Brandt, additional, De Oliveira, Pedro Lagerblad, additional, de Vos, Sarah, additional, Declercq, Jeroen, additional, Declercq, Wim, additional, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, additional, Dekker, Niek, additional, Del Prete, Sonia, additional, Del Rosal, Marina, additional, Delmas, Bernard, additional, DeLotto, Robert, additional, Demidyuk, Ilya V., additional, Denison, Mark R., additional, Deussing, Jan M., additional, Devi, Lakshmi A., additional, Diamandis, Eleftherios P., additional, Diaz, Isabel, additional, Díaz-Perales, Araceli, additional, Dijkstra, Bauke W., additional, Ding, Yan, additional, Dixon, Jack E., additional, Dodt, Johannes, additional, Dokland, Terje, additional, Dolenc, Iztok, additional, Dong, Ningzheng, additional, Dong, Tran Cat, additional, Dong, Ying, additional, Dongre, Mitesh, additional, Donovan, Mark, additional, Dore, Timothy M., additional, Dorstyn, Loretta, additional, Dou, Hong, additional, Dou, Zhicheng, additional, Dougall, Annette M., additional, Drag, Marcin, additional, Dudley, Edward G., additional, Dunn, Ben M., additional, Dupuy, Bruno, additional, Duque-Magalhāes, Maria Conceicāo, additional, Durá, M. Asunción, additional, Eeckhout, Yves, additional, Eijsink, Vincent, additional, Eisen, Arthur Z., additional, Eissa, Azza, additional, Eklund, Sandra, additional, Eletr, Ziad M., additional, Ellis, Vincent, additional, Engel, Wolfgang, additional, Erdös, Ervin G., additional, Escalante, Teresa, additional, Estell, David A., additional, Etscheid, Michael, additional, Evans, Herbert J., additional, Everett, Roger D., additional, Faesen, Alex C., additional, Fahrenholz, Falk, additional, Fanjul-Fernández, Miriam, additional, Farady, Christopher J., additional, Feller, Georges, additional, Feng, Hong, additional, Fenster, Kurt M., additional, Férec, Claude, additional, Ferrari, Silvia, additional, Fingleton, Barbara, additional, Fisher, Jed F., additional, Fives-Taylor, Paula M., additional, Fong, Loren G., additional, Forneris, F., additional, Forster, Brian M., additional, Forster, Friedrich, additional, Foster, Simon J., additional, Foulon, Thierry, additional, Foundling, Stephen I., additional, Fox, Jay William, additional, Franzetti, Bruno, additional, Frasch, Alejandra P., additional, Freeze, Hudson H., additional, Frère, Jean-Marie, additional, Frey, Teryl K., additional, Fricke, Beate, additional, Fricker, Lloyd D., additional, Fridman, Rafael, additional, Froelich, Christopher J., additional, Fröhlich, Camilla, additional, Fu, Hsueh-Liang, additional, Fuhrmann, Cynthia N., additional, Fujimura, Satoshi, additional, Fujiwara, Hiroshi, additional, Fukushima, Jun, additional, Fukuyama, Keiichi, additional, Fuller, Robert S., additional, Fusek, Martin, additional, Gaboriaud, Christine, additional, Gache, Christian, additional, Gakh, Oleksandr, additional, Gal, Peter, additional, Gao, Junjun, additional, García-Sastre, Adolfo, additional, Gardiner, Donald L., additional, Gatehouse, John A., additional, Gaucher, G.M., additional, Gauthier, Francis, additional, Ghuysen, Jean-Marie, additional, Gibson, Wade, additional, Gillies, Jennifer, additional, Glaser, Elzbieta, additional, Glaser, Fabian, additional, Glickman, Michael H., additional, Goettig, Peter, additional, Goffin, Colette, additional, Gohda, Eiichi, additional, Goldberg, Alfred L., additional, Goldberg, Daniel E., additional, Goldberg, Gregory I., additional, Goldfarb, Nathan E., additional, Gomis-Rüth, F. Xavier, additional, Gopal, B., additional, Gorbalenya, Alexander E., additional, Gordon, Stuart G., additional, Gorrell, Mark D., additional, Götz, Friedrich, additional, Goulas, Theodoros, additional, Gouzy-Darmon, Cécile, additional, Govind, K., additional, Gráf, Lászlo, additional, Granados, Robert R., additional, Gräwert, Melissa Ann, additional, Gray, Douglas A., additional, Graycar, Thomas P., additional, Green, Jonathan A., additional, Gremski, Luiza Helena, additional, Groll, Michael, additional, Gromova, Tania Yu, additional, Gros, P., additional, Grubman, Marvin J., additional, Grunden, Amy M., additional, Gudmundsdóttir, Ágústa, additional, Guinand, Micheline, additional, Gully, Djamel, additional, Gustchina, Alla, additional, Gutiérrez, José María, additional, Ha, Byung Hak, additional, Haeggström, Jesper Z., additional, Hageman, James H., additional, Haiko, Johanna, additional, Hailfinger, Stephan, additional, Haitchi, Hans Michael, additional, Han, Ji Seon, additional, Hanquez, Chantal, additional, Harada, Minoru, additional, Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko, additional, Harboe, Marianne, additional, Härd, Torleif, additional, Harris, David A., additional, Hassiepen, Ulrich, additional, Hata, Shoji, additional, Hattori, Akira, additional, He, Rong-Qiao, additional, Heck, Albert J.R., additional, Hendricks, Dirk F., additional, Henrich, Bernhard, additional, Henriet, Patrick, additional, Hernández-Arana, Andrés, additional, Herrera-Camacho, Irma, additional, Heussipp, Gerhard, additional, Hibino, Toshihiko, additional, Hicks, P.M., additional, Hillman, Bradley I., additional, Hiraoka, B. Yukihiro, additional, Hiratake, Jun, additional, Hizukuri, Yohei, additional, Ho, Heng-Chien, additional, Hoa, Ngo Thi, additional, Hochstrasser, Mark, additional, Hodge, Kathryn M., additional, Hofmann, Theo, additional, Hohn, Thomas, additional, Hoidal, John R., additional, Höltje, Joachim-Volker, additional, Homma, Koichi J., additional, Honek, John F., additional, Hook, Vivian Y.H., additional, Hooper, John D., additional, Hooper, Nigel M., additional, Hosoi, Kazuo, additional, Howe, Christopher J., additional, Hruby, Dennis E., additional, Hseih, James J.-D., additional, Hsu, Chun-Chieh, additional, Huang, Tony T., additional, Huang, Tur-Fu, additional, Huet, Yoann, additional, Hughes, Clare, additional, Hugonnet, Jean-Emmanuel, additional, Huston, Adrienne L., additional, Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma, additional, Ichishima, Eiji, additional, Ikehara, Yukio, additional, Inagami, Tadashi, additional, Ingram, Jessica, additional, Isaac, R.E., additional, Isaya, Grazia, additional, Isaza, Clara E., additional, Ishii, Shin-ichi, additional, Isnard, Amandine, additional, Ito, Kiyoshi, additional, Ito, Koreaki, additional, Itoh, Yoshifumi, additional, Iturrioz, Xavier, additional, Iwanaga, Sadaaki, additional, Jack, Ralph W., additional, Jackson, Mel C., additional, James, Michael N.G., additional, Janata, Jiří, additional, Janoir, Claire, additional, Janska, Hanna, additional, Jarrell, Ken F., additional, Jaskolski, Mariusz, additional, Jaswal, Sheila S., additional, Jean, Ying Y., additional, Jenne, Dieter E., additional, Jeon, Young Joo, additional, Jiang, Ping, additional, Johnson, John E., additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Johnston, James A., additional, Jones, Amanda, additional, Jones, Elizabeth W., additional, Joudiou, Carine, additional, Juliano, Luiz, additional, Jung, Hea-Jin, additional, Jupp, Ray, additional, Kagawa, Todd F., additional, Kalbacher, Hubert, additional, Kamata, Yayoi, additional, Kaminogawa, Shuichi, additional, Kamio, Yoshiyuki, additional, Kaneda, Makoto, additional, Kang, Sung Gyun, additional, Kang, Sung Hwan, additional, Kania, Mary, additional, Kantyka, Tomasz, additional, Kanzawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Karim, Abdulkarim Y., additional, Kasumi, Takafumi, additional, Kataoka, Hiroaki, additional, Kaur, Hardeep, additional, Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro, additional, Kawaguchi, Mari, additional, Kay, John, additional, Kaynar, Murat, additional, Keiler, Kenneth C., additional, Kelly, R.M., additional, Kenton, Nathaniel T., additional, Kerr, Michael A., additional, Kersse, Kristof, additional, Kervinen, Jukka, additional, Kessler, Benedikt M., additional, Kessler, Efrat, additional, Khoronen, Timo K., additional, Kidd, Simon, additional, Kikkert, Marjolein, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Kim, Doyoun, additional, Kim, Eunice EunKyeong, additional, Kim, In Seop, additional, Kim, Jung-Gun, additional, Kim, Kyeong Kyu, additional, Kim, Kyung Hyun, additional, Kimber, Matthew S., additional, Kimura, Yukio, additional, Kirschke, Heidrun, additional, Kiso, Yoshiaki, additional, Kleanthous, Colin, additional, Klein, Jürgen R., additional, Klemba, Michael, additional, Kmiec, Beata, additional, Kobayashi, Hideyuki, additional, Kodama, Hiroyuki, additional, Koelsch, Gerald, additional, Kok, Jan, additional, Kolattukody, P.E., additional, Kolb, Fabrice A., additional, Kolmar, Harald, additional, Komori, Yumiko, additional, Konvalinka, Jan, additional, Korkmaz, Brice, additional, Kostrov, Sergey V., additional, Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, additional, Krczal, Gabi, additional, Kress, Lawrence F., additional, Kristjánsson, Magnüs Már, additional, Kučera, Tomáš, additional, Kukday, Sayali S., additional, Kumagai, Hidehiko, additional, Kumar, Sharad, additional, Kumarasiri, Malika, additional, Kumazaki, Takashi, additional, Kümmerer, Beate M., additional, Kuno, Kouji, additional, Kurkinen, Markku, additional, Kutejová, Eva, additional, Kveiborg, Marie, additional, Kwarciak, Agnieszka, additional, Laakkonen, Liisa, additional, Labrou, Nikolaos E., additional, Laing, Gavin D., additional, Lamppa, Gayle, additional, Langer, Thomas, additional, Laursen, Richard A., additional, Lawrenson, Richard A., additional, Layne, Matthew D., additional, Le Bonniec, Bernard F., additional, Leal, María C., additional, Lechan, Ronald M., additional, Lee, David H., additional, Lee, Irene, additional, Lee, Jae, additional, Lee, Kye Joon, additional, Lee, Soohee, additional, Lei, Xiaobo, additional, Leis, Jonathan, additional, LeMosy, Ellen K., additional, Lepage, Thierry, additional, Leppla, Stephen H., additional, Lesner, Adam, additional, Lessard, Ivan A.D., additional, Lhomond, Guy, additional, Li, Huilin, additional, Li, Shu-Ming, additional, Li, Weiguo, additional, Liao, Ta-Hsiu, additional, Liddington, Robert C., additional, Lieber, Toby, additional, Lijnen, H.R., additional, Lima, Christopher D., additional, Lin, Chen-Yong, additional, Lin, Gang, additional, Lin, Ming T., additional, Lin, Xinli, additional, Lin, Yee-Shin, additional, Lindsay, L.L., additional, Lipscomb, William N., additional, Little, John W., additional, Liu, Ching-Chuan, additional, Liu, Chuan-ju, additional, Lively, Mark O., additional, Livnat-Levanon, Nurit, additional, Ljungdahl, Per O., additional, Llorens-Cortes, Catherine, additional, Lobel, Peter, additional, Loh, Y. Peng, additional, Lohi, Jouko, additional, Lomonossoff, G.P., additional, Looze, Yvan, additional, López-Otin, Carlos, additional, Lopez-Quezada, Landys, additional, Loukas, Alex, additional, Lu, Long-Sheng, additional, Lundwall, Áke, additional, Luo, Liu-Ying, additional, Lupas, Andrei, additional, Luthe, Dawn S., additional, Lynch, Nicholas J., additional, Lyons, Peter J., additional, MacKay, Vivian L., additional, Macleod, Jesica M. Levingston, additional, Magdolen, Viktor, additional, Mainardi, Jean-Luc, additional, Mäkinen, Kauko K., additional, Mallari, Jeremy P., additional, Manandhar, Surya P., additional, Mandelbaum, Fajga R., additional, Manicone, Anne M., additional, Mansfeld, Johanna, additional, Marcotrigiano, Joseph, additional, Mares, Michael, additional, Marfany, Gemma, additional, Markland, Francis S., additional, Marokházi, Judith, additional, Marquis, Hélène, additional, Marr, Robert A., additional, Martegani, Enzo, additional, Martin, Erik W., additional, Martinez, Manuel, additional, Martins, L. Miguel, additional, Maruyama, Masato, additional, Maruyama, Masugi, additional, Maruyama, Sususmu, additional, Masaki, Takeharu, additional, Massoumi, Ramin, additional, Mathew, Rency T., additional, Matrisian, Lynn M., additional, Matsuda, Yoshihiro, additional, Matsushita, Osamu, additional, Matuschek, Marco, additional, Matušková, Anna, additional, Matúz, Krisztina, additional, Mauch, Cornelia, additional, Maurizi, Michael R., additional, Mayr, Lorenz M., additional, McCafferty, Dewey G., additional, McDonald, J. Ken, additional, McKerrow, James H., additional, McMillan, David, additional, Mecham, Robert P., additional, Mehta, Darshini P., additional, Meisinger, Chris, additional, Mellors, Alan, additional, Melton, Roger G., additional, Melvin, Jeffrey A., additional, Ménard, Robert, additional, Menéndez-Arias, Luis, additional, Menezes, Milene C., additional, Mesecar, Andrew, additional, Mesnage, Stéphane, additional, Meyer, Diane H., additional, Meyers, Gregor, additional, Michaelis, Susan, additional, Michalska, Karolina, additional, Mielicki, Wojciech P., additional, Mierau, Igor, additional, Mikoulinskaia, Galina V., additional, Miller, Charles G., additional, Miller, Lydia K., additional, Mills, John, additional, Mills, Kenneth V., additional, Min, Jinrong, additional, Mistou, Michel-Yves, additional, Misumi, Yoshio, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, additional, Mizutani, Shigehiko, additional, Mobashery, Shahriar, additional, Mochizuki, Satsuki, additional, Mock, William L., additional, Möhrlen, Frank, additional, Moiré, Nathalie, additional, Monahan, Paul E., additional, Moncada-Pazos, Angela, additional, Monnet, Véronique, additional, Monod, Michel, additional, Montecucco, Cesare, additional, Morelli, Laura, additional, Mori, Sumiko, additional, Morita, Takashi, additional, Morrissey, James H., additional, Morse, Richard J., additional, Mort, John S., additional, Mortensen, Uffe H., additional, Morty, Rory E., additional, Moss, Joel, additional, Motoshima, Hidemasa, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Moura-da-Silva, Ana M., additional, Mudgett, Mary Beth, additional, Mundt, Egbert, additional, Murakami, Kazuo, additional, Murakami, Mario Tyago, additional, MurakamiMurofoshi, Kimiko, additional, Murao, Sawao, additional, Murphy, Gillian, additional, Murthy, M.R.N., additional, Muta, Tatsushi, additional, Myburgh, Elmarie, additional, Mzhavia, Nino, additional, Nabi, A.H.M. Nurun, additional, Nagase, Hideaki, additional, Nagle, Michael W., additional, Nägler, Dorit K., additional, Naik, Rajesh R., additional, Nair, Divya B., additional, Nakai, Toshiki, additional, Nakajima, Yoshitaka, additional, Nakamura, Yukio, additional, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, additional, Nakayama, Toru, additional, Nalivaeva, Natalia N., additional, Nandi, Dipankar, additional, Nascimento-Silva, Maria Clara Leal, additional, Nasmyth, Kim, additional, Nathan, Carl F., additional, Navarro-García, Fernando, additional, Naves, Dayane Lorena, additional, Nedialkova, Danny D., additional, Neuman, Keir C., additional, Nguyen, Jeffrey-Tri, additional, Nguyen, Ky-Anh, additional, Niemirowicz, Gabriela T., additional, Nikai, Toshiaki, additional, Nishi, Eiichiro, additional, Nishii, Wataru, additional, Nishiyama, Makoto, additional, Nishiyama, Yasuhiro, additional, Noda, Masatoshi, additional, Nomura, Seiji, additional, Norioka, Shigemi, additional, Nsangou, Desire M.M., additional, O’Brien, Amornrat, additional, O’Connor, Michael B., additional, Oda, Kohei, additional, Odinokova, Irina V., additional, Oetjen, Joyce, additional, Ogura, Teru, additional, Ohman, Dennis E, additional, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, additional, Ojha, Mukti, additional, Okabe, Akinobu, additional, Okada, Yasunori, additional, Okamoto, Keinosuke, additional, Okuda, Kenji, additional, Okumura, Nobuaki, additional, Okuno, Takashi, additional, Oleson, Kjeld, additional, Oliveira de Giuseppe, Priscila, additional, Olivier, Martin, additional, Ono, Yasuko, additional, Oroszlan, Stephen, additional, Ota, Nobuyuki, additional, Ovadia, Michael, additional, O-Wang, Jiyang, additional, Oxvig, Claus, additional, Packer, Jeremy C.L., additional, Padilla-López, Sergio, additional, Paetzel, Mark, additional, Page, Michael J., additional, Page-McCaw, Andrea, additional, Paine, Mark J.I., additional, Park, Byoung Chul, additional, Park, Eunyong, additional, Park, John E., additional, Park, Pyong Woo, additional, Park, Sung Goo, additional, Parkin, Kirk L., additional, Parks, William C, additional, Paschoalin, Thaysa, additional, Pastore, Annalisa, additional, Patananan, Alexander Nikolich, additional, Paul, Sudhir, additional, Paulson, Henry L., additional, Pawel-Rammingen, Ulrich von, additional, Pearce, David A., additional, Pearson, Mark S., additional, Pei, Duanqing, additional, Pejler, Gunnar, additional, Pemberton, Alan D., additional, Peng, Jianhao, additional, Pernier, Julien, additional, Peters, Jan-Michael, additional, Pfirrmann, Thorsten, additional, Pham, Viet-Laï, additional, Pichová, Iva, additional, Pickering, Darren, additional, Piesse, Christophe, additional, Pignol, David, additional, Pike, Robert N., additional, Pinck, Lothaire, additional, Pirkle, Hubert, additional, Pitot, Henry C., additional, Plaut, Andrew G., additional, Ploegh, Hidde, additional, Polgár, László, additional, Porter, Corrine, additional, Postina, Rolf, additional, Potempa, Jan, additional, Poulsen, Knud, additional, Power, Scott D., additional, Pratt, Rex. F., additional, Prehna, Gerd, additional, Prévost, Gilles, additional, Pshezhetsky, Alexey V., additional, Qasim, Mohammad A., additional, Qian, Feng, additional, Qiu, Jiazhou, additional, Quesada, Víctor, additional, Radisky, Evette S., additional, Rader, Stephen D., additional, Raman, Kavita, additional, Ramsay, Andrew J., additional, Rancourt, Derrick E., additional, Ranjit, Najju, additional, Rao, Narayanam V., additional, Ratia, Kiira, additional, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, Rawson, Robert B., additional, Reddy, Vijay, additional, Redman, Colvin M., additional, Regonesi, Maria Elena, additional, Reichert, Andreas S., additional, Reichl, Antonia P., additional, Remaut, Han, additional, Remington, S. James, additional, Renatus, Martin, additional, Reverter, David, additional, Reynolds, Eric C., additional, Rholam, Mohamed, additional, Rice, Charles M., additional, Ridky, Todd W., additional, Riezman, Howard, additional, Rijken, D.C., additional, Rio, Marie-Christine, additional, Ritchie, Alison, additional, Robert-Baudouy, Janine, additional, Robinson, Mark W., additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Rodriguez-Romero, Adela, additional, Rodriques, Renata Santos, additional, Rogers, John C., additional, Rojas, Camilo, additional, Romesberg, Floyd E., additional, Roper, David J., additional, Rosas-Murrieta, Nora, additional, Rose, A.M., additional, Rosenthal, Philip J., additional, Rosing, J., additional, Rossetto, Ornella, additional, Rossi, Véronique, additional, Roth, Richard A., additional, Rottensteiner, Hanspeter, additional, Rowan, Andrew D., additional, Rozanov, Mikhail, additional, Rucavado, Alexandra, additional, Ruecker, Andrea, additional, Rul, Françoise, additional, Rümenapf, Till, additional, Russo, Ilaria, additional, Ryan, Martin D., additional, Sacco, Elena, additional, Sadler, J. Evan, additional, Saenger, W., additional, Sahl, Hans-Georg, additional, Sajid, Mohammed, additional, Sakaguchi, Masayoshi, additional, Sakiyama, Fumio, additional, Salas, Maria L., additional, Salgado, Maria Cristina O., additional, Salvesen, Guy S., additional, Sánchez, Edith, additional, Sanchez, Eladio F., additional, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy, additional, Sankaran, Krishnan, additional, Sarkar, Susanta K., additional, Sarras, Michael P., additional, Sasagawa, Yoshikiyo, additional, Satohiko, Araki, additional, Sauvage, Eric, additional, Saveanu, Loredana, additional, Savithri, H.S., additional, Sawada, Hitoshi, additional, Sawers, R. Gary, additional, Scarisbrick, Isobel A., additional, Schaller, Andreas, additional, Scheer, Justin M., additional, Scheiflinger, Friedrich, additional, Schiene-Fischer, Cordelia, additional, Schlomann, Uwe, additional, Schlösser, Manfred, additional, Schmaier, Alvin H., additional, Schmidt, Walter K., additional, Schneemann, Anette, additional, Schnellmann, Rick G., additional, Scholze, Henning, additional, Schomburg, Lutz, additional, Schwaeble, Wilhelm J., additional, Scott, Christopher J., additional, Scudiero, Rosaria, additional, Sehara-Fujisawa, Atsuko, additional, Seidah, Nabil G., additional, Seiki, Motoharu, additional, Sekiguchi, Junichi, additional, Senff-Ribeiro, Andrea, additional, Seong, Ihn Sik, additional, Serpe, Mihaela, additional, Serrano, Solange M.T., additional, Setlow, Peter, additional, Shahian, Tina, additional, Shanks, M., additional, Shao, Feng, additional, Shapiro, Steven D., additional, Sharma, Navneet, additional, Shaw, Lindsey N., additional, Shen, Aimee, additional, Shen, Lei, additional, Sherwood, Roger F., additional, Shi, Yun-Bo, additional, Shimoi, Hitoshi, additional, Shimura, Yoichiro, additional, Shirras, A.D., additional, Shridhar, Viji, additional, Shukla, Jinal K., additional, Siigur, Ene, additional, Siigur, Jüri, additional, Silmon de Monerri, Natalie C., additional, Sim, Robert B., additional, Simmer, James P., additional, Simmons, William H., additional, Singh, Jaspreet, additional, Singleton, Alison, additional, Sirakova, Tatiana D., additional, Sixma, Titia K., additional, Skern, Tim, additional, Skidgel, Randal A., additional, Slack, Jeffrey, additional, Sleat, David E., additional, Slusher, Barbara S., additional, Smith, Janet L., additional, Smith, Matthew A., additional, Smyth, Mark J., additional, Snijder, Erik J., additional, Sobhanifar, Solmaz, additional, Söderhaäll, Kenneth, additional, Sohar, Istvan, additional, Sonderegger, Peter, additional, Sorgine, Marcos Henrique Ferreira, additional, Sorimachi, Hiroyuki, additional, Soukhodolets, Karen E., additional, Souza, Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil de, additional, Sperka, Tamás, additional, Sriskandan, Shiranee, additional, St. Geme, Joseph W., additional, St. Leger, Raymond J., additional, Staib, Peter, additional, Steele, James L., additional, Stefansson, Bjarki, additional, Steinkühler, Christian, additional, Stenberg, Leisa M., additional, Stenflo, Johan, additional, Stennicke, Henning R., additional, Stepanov, Valentin M., additional, Stepnaya, Olga A., additional, Steven, Frank, additional, Stevens, Richard L., additional, Stevenson, Kenneth J., additional, St-Louis, Mathieu, additional, Stobart, Christopher C., additional, Stöcker, Walter, additional, Storer, Andrew C., additional, Sträter, Norbert, additional, Strauss, Ellen G., additional, Strauss, James H., additional, Stříšovský, Kvido, additional, Strynadka, Natalie C.J., additional, Sturrock, Edward D., additional, Su, Dan, additional, Su, Xiao-Dong, additional, Suárez-Rendueles, Paz, additional, Sulea, Traian, additional, Sundararajan, Venkatesh, additional, Suno, Ryoji, additional, Suzuki, Carolyn K., additional, Suzuki, Fumiaki, additional, Suzuki, Hideyuki, additional, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, additional, Swenson, Stephen, additional, Szabady, Rose L., additional, Szecsi, Pal Bela, additional, Szilágyi, Lászlo, additional, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, additional, Takahashi, Eizo, additional, Takahashi, Kenji, additional, Takai, Toshiro, additional, Takeda, Atsushi, additional, Takeda, Soichi, additional, Tame, Jeremy J.R.H., additional, Tamura, Tomohiro, additional, Tan, Fulong, additional, Tanaka, Keiji, additional, Tanase, Carmen, additional, Tang, Jordan, additional, Tanizaki, Martha M., additional, Tannich, Egbert, additional, Tans, Guido, additional, Tarentino, Anthony L., additional, Tassanakajon, Anchalee, additional, Tatsumi, Hiroki, additional, Tautz, Norbert, additional, Taylor, Erin Bassford, additional, Teixeira, Pedro Filipe, additional, Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V.L., additional, Templin, Markus F., additional, Terada, Shigeyuki, additional, Tetsuya, Uchikoba, additional, Thacker, C., additional, Thaker, Maulik, additional, Thiel, Heinz-Jürgen, additional, Thielens, Nicole, additional, Thierry, Gonzales, additional, Thivierge, Karine, additional, Thomas, Mark D., additional, Thome, Margot, additional, Thorsness, Mary K., additional, Thorsness, Peter E., additional, Tigue, Natalie J., additional, Todi, Sokol V., additional, Tomkinson, Birgitta, additional, Tonello, Fiorella, additional, Tong, Liang, additional, Toogood, H.S., additional, Tortora, Paolo, additional, Tözsèr, József, additional, Travassos, Luiz Rodolpho, additional, Travis, James, additional, Trevisan-Silva, Dilza, additional, Trinchella, Francesca, additional, Trivedi, Neil N., additional, Troy, Carol M., additional, Tschesche, Harald, additional, Tseng, Yu-Lun, additional, Tsujimoto, Masafumi, additional, Tu, Anthony T., additional, Tumelty, Kathleen E., additional, Turk, Boris, additional, Turk, Dusan, additional, Turk, Vito, additional, Turner, Anthony J., additional, Uchikoba, Tetsuya, additional, Ueno, Takayuki, additional, Ugalde, Alejandro P., additional, Uitto, Veli-Jukka, additional, Urban, Sinisa, additional, Valdenaire, Olivier, additional, Valli, Adrian, additional, Van Beeumen, Jozef, additional, Van den Burg, Bertus, additional, Van der Hoorn, Renier A.L., additional, van Dijl, Jan Maarten, additional, Van Endert, Peter, additional, Van Raam, Bram J., additional, Van Wart, Harold E., additional, Vanden Berghe, Tom, additional, Vandenabeele, Peter, additional, Vanoni, Margo, additional, Veiga, Silvio Sanches, additional, Velander, William H., additional, Velasco, Gloria, additional, Vendrell, Josep, additional, Venekei, I. István, additional, Vetvicka, Vaclav, additional, Vögtle, F.-Nora, additional, Vollmer, Waldemar, additional, Wada, Kei, additional, Wagner, Fred W., additional, Wai, Sun Nyunt, additional, Wai, Timothy, additional, Wainwright, Shane, additional, Walker, Kenneth W., additional, Walker, Stephen J., additional, Wallach, Jean, additional, Walling, Linda L., additional, Walsh, Peter N., additional, Wang, Hai-Yan, additional, Wang, Hengbin, additional, Wang, Jianwei, additional, Wang, Peng, additional, Wang, Ping, additional, Wassenegger, Michael, additional, Watanabe, Kunihiko, additional, Webb, Helen, additional, Weber, Joseph M., additional, Weber, Niklas, additional, Webster, Daniel R., additional, Wei, Shuo, additional, Welch, Rodney A., additional, Wells, James A., additional, Wenzel, Herbert, additional, Wertz, Ingrid E., additional, Wewer, Ulla W., additional, Whyteside, Alison R., additional, Wilk, Sherwin, additional, Wilkin, Jean-Marc, additional, Wilmes, Claudia, additional, Winther, Jakob R., additional, Wishart, David S., additional, Wlodawer, Alexander, additional, Woessner, J. Fred, additional, Wolfe, Michael S., additional, Wong, Wilson, additional, Woodgate, Roger, additional, Wright, Gerry, additional, Wu, Jiunn-Jong, additional, Wu, Qingyu, additional, Wysocka, Magdalena, additional, Xu, Chao, additional, Xu, Zhenghong, additional, Yahori, Kinnosuke, additional, Yamada, Shoji, additional, Yamaguchi, Nozomi, additional, Yamaguchi, Shinji, additional, Yamakawa, Yoshio, additional, Yamamoto, Hiroki, additional, Yana, Ikao, additional, Yang, Maozhou, additional, Yang, Na, additional, Yao, Chenjuan, additional, Yao, Tingting, additional, Yasuda, Noriko, additional, Yasuhara, Toshimasa, additional, Yasumasu, Shigeki, additional, Yeh, Edward T.H., additional, Yiallouros, Irene, additional, Yin, Jiang, additional, Yonezawa, Hiroo, additional, Yoo, Soon Ji, additional, Yoshimoto, Tadashi, additional, Young, Michael W., additional, Young, Stephen G., additional, Zaidi, Nousheen, additional, Zavalova, Ludmila L., additional, Zavodszky, Peter, additional, Zhang, Aidong, additional, Zhang, Xianming, additional, Zhang, Yi-Zheng, additional, Zheng, Dominick, additional, Zhong, Guangming, additional, Zhong, Rong, additional, Zhou, Yuan, additional, Zhou, Zhaohui Sunny, additional, Zick, Michael, additional, Zigrino, Paola, additional, and Zimin, Andrei A., additional

Published
2013
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34. The PepSY domain: a regulator of peptidase activity in the microbial environment?

Author

Yeats, Corin, Rawlings, Neil D., and Bateman, Alex

Subjects
Proteins -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The M4 family proteins are common eubacterial metallopeptidases that are involved in a range of functions from nutrient production to pathogenicity. Typically, they consist of a propeptide with inhibitory and chaperone functions and a peptidase unit. The propeptide is cleaved but remains attached until the peptidase is secreted and can be safely activated. Here, we describe a domain in the propeptide that is likely to contain the inhibitory activity, but not the chaperone activity, it is also in many non-peptidase proteins, including Bacillus subtilis YpeB protein--a regulator of SleB spore cortex lytic enzyme--and a large number of eubacterial and archaeal cell-wall-associated and secreted proteins. We propose that it acts as a regulator of peptidase activity in the local environment and also protects the cell from lysis.

Published
2004

35. The CHAP domain: a large family of amidases including GSP amidase and peptidoglycan hydrolases

Author

Bateman, Alex and Rawlings, Neil D.

Subjects
Peptides -- Research, Biochemistry -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Cleavage of peptidoglycan plays an important role in bacterial cell division, cell growth and cell lysis. Here, we reveal that several known peptidoglycan amidases fall into a family, which includes many proteins of previously unknown function. The family includes two different peptidoglycan cleavage activities: L-muramoyl-L-alanine amidase and D-alanyl-glycyl endopeptidase activity. The family includes the amidase portion of the bifunctional glutathionylspermidine synthase/amidase enzyme from bacteria and pathogenic trypanosomes. The glutathionylspermidine synthase is thought to be a key component of the alternative pathway in trypanosomes for protection from oxygen-radical damage and has been proposed as a potential drug target. The CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases) domain is often found in association with other domains that cleave peptidoglycan. The large number of multifunctional hydrolases suggests that they might act in a cooperative manner to cleave specialized substrates.

Published
2003

41. Contributors

Author

Adachi, Hideki, primary, Adachi, Osao, additional, Adam, Zach, additional, Adams, Michael W.W., additional, Adang, Michael J., additional, Adham, Ibrahim M., additional, Aducci, Patrizia, additional, Agard, David A., additional, Agranovsky, Alexey A., additional, Ahn, Kyunghye, additional, Akiyama, Yoshinori, additional, Alejo, Alí, additional, Amberg, Sean M., additional, Amerik, Alexander Y., additional, Andrés, Germán, additional, Andrews, Robert K., additional, Antalis, Toni M., additional, Apte, Suneel S., additional, Arima, Kazunari, additional, Arlaud, Gérard J., additional, Aronson, Nathan N., additional, Asano, Yasuhisa, additional, Ascenzi, Paolo, additional, Assakura, Marina T., additional, Auld, David S., additional, Avilés, Francesc X., additional, Awad, William M., additional, Babé, Lilia M., additional, Badorff, Cornel, additional, Bai, Shan, additional, Baird, Teaster T., additional, Paul Bajaj, S., additional, Baker, Rohan T., additional, Baker, Susan C., additional, Ballinger, Marcus D., additional, Banbula, Agnieszka, additional, Bannikov, Gregory A., additional, Barrett, Alan J., additional, Bartlett, John D., additional, Baskova, Isolda P., additional, Bauer, Karl, additional, Baumann, Ulrich, additional, Baumeister, Wolfgang, additional, Beauvais, Anne, additional, Belas, Robert, additional, Beppu, Teruhiko, additional, Bergmann, Ernst M., additional, Bergo, Martin O., additional, Berndt, Michael C., additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Bertenshaw, Greg P., additional, Betzel, Ch., additional, Bierbaum, Gabriele, additional, Bieth, Joseph G., additional, Bjarnason, Jón B., additional, Blaber, M., additional, Blaber, S.I., additional, Black, Roy A., additional, Blackman, M.J., additional, Blinkovsky, Alexander, additional, Blobel, Carl P., additional, Boatright, Kelly M., additional, Böck, August, additional, Boeke, Jef D., additional, Boileau, Guy, additional, Bolken, Tové C., additional, Bond, Judith S., additional, Bordallo, Javier, additional, Bordusa, Frank, additional, Boucaut, Kerry J., additional, Bouvier, Jacques, additional, Bowman, Barry J., additional, Bradshaw, Ralph A., additional, Braun, Hans-Peter, additional, Breddam, Klaus, additional, Brindley, Paul J., additional, Broadhurst, Anne, additional, Brocklehurst, Keith, additional, Broder, Dan H., additional, Brömme, Dieter, additional, Bron, Sierd, additional, Broom, Murray, additional, Brown, Kenneth D., additional, Brown, Mark A., additional, Bunn, Rhonda, additional, Burleigh, Barbara A., additional, Butler, Michael J., additional, Buttle, David J., additional, Byrd, Chelsea M., additional, Byun, Tony, additional, Cadel, Sandrine, additional, Caffrey, Conor R., additional, Caldentey, Javier, additional, Caprioglio, Daniel R., additional, Carbonell, Juan, additional, Carpentier, Mélanie, additional, Carter, Ruth E., additional, Casey, Patrick J., additional, Castellino, Francis J., additional, Catanese, Joseph J., additional, Caterson, Bruce, additional, Caughey, George H., additional, Cawley, Niamh X., additional, Cawston, Tim E., additional, Jose Cazzulo, Juan, additional, Cercós, Manuel, additional, Chakraborty, Trinad, additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chang, L.S., additional, Chan, Michael K., additional, Chan, Sunney I., additional, Chao, Julie, additional, Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre, additional, Chave, Karen J., additional, Chen, Jian-Min, additional, Chen, Jinq-May, additional, Chesneau, Valérie, additional, Chevrier, Bernard, additional, Chich, Jean-François, additional, Yong Choi, Kwan, additional, Chrétien, Michel, additional, Ha Chung, Chin, additional, Chung, Dominic W., additional, Clamagirand, Christine, additional, Clark, Ian M., additional, Clarke, Adrian K., additional, Clarke, Steven, additional, Cleary, Paul P., additional, Clements, Judith A., additional, Cleuziat, Philippe, additional, Cohen, Paul, additional, Colige, Alain, additional, Collen, D., additional, Collier, Ivan E., additional, Colloms, Sean D., additional, Colman, Robert W., additional, Conner, Gregory E., additional, Conzelmann, Andreas, additional, Coolbear, Tim, additional, Coombs, Graham H., additional, Cooper, Jonathan B., additional, Cooper, Max D., additional, Copeland, Nikki A., additional, Corvol, Pierre, additional, Cottrell, Graeme S., additional, Coyle, Joseph T., additional, Craik, Charles S., additional, Creemers, John W.M., additional, Croce, Jenifer, additional, Cueva, Rosario, additional, Cutting, Simon, additional, d′Enfert, Christophe, additional, D′Orchymont, Hugues, additional, Daenke, S., additional, Dahlbäck, Björn, additional, Dalbey, Ross E., additional, Dalton, John P., additional, Dando (Deceased), Pamela M., additional, Daniel, R.M., additional, Darke, Paul L., additional, Lagerblad de Oliveira, Pedro, additional, de Vos, Sarah, additional, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, additional, Dekker, Niek, additional, DeLotto, Robert, additional, DeMartino, George N., additional, den Boon, Johan A., additional, Denison, Mark R., additional, DesGroseillers, Luc, additional, Deussing, Jan, additional, Devi, Lakshmi A., additional, Diamandis, Eleftherios P., additional, Dickson, Robert B., additional, Dingwall, Colin, additional, Dixon, Jack E., additional, Dodt, Johannes, additional, Dolenc, Iztoc, additional, Cat Dong, Tran, additional, Dong, Ying, additional, Dubois, Jean-Yves F., additional, Dudley, Edward G., additional, Dunn, Ben M., additional, Dupuy, Bruno, additional, Conceicão Duque-Magalhães, Maria, additional, Eeckhout, Yves, additional, Egelrud, Torbjörn, additional, Eijsink, Vincent, additional, Ellis, Vincent, additional, Engel, Wolfgang, additional, Erdös, Ervin G., additional, Etscheid, Michael, additional, Evans (Deceased), Herbert J., additional, Everett, Roger D., additional, Eyries, Mélanie, additional, Fahrenholz, Falk, additional, Fenster, Kurt M., additional, Férec, Claude, additional, Henrique Ferreira Sorgine, Marcos, additional, Fink, Doran, additional, Fives-Taylor, Paula M., additional, Foltmann, Bent, additional, Foster, Simon J., additional, Foulon, Thierry, additional, Foundling, Stephen I., additional, Fox, Jay W., additional, Freeze, Hudson H., additional, Frère, Jean-Marie, additional, Frey, Teryl K., additional, Flicker, Lloyd D., additional, Fritsche, Erich, additional, Froelich, Christopher J., additional, Fuhrmann, Cynthia N., additional, Fujimura, Satoshi, additional, Fukushima, J., additional, Fuller, Robert S., additional, Gaboriaud, Christine, additional, Gache, Christian, additional, Galivan, John, additional, Gary, Jonathan D., additional, Gaucher, G.M., additional, Ghuysen, Jean-Marie, additional, Gil, María J., additional, Giller, Thomas, additional, Goffin, Colette, additional, Gohda, Eiichi, additional, Goldberg, Alfred L., additional, Goldberg, Daniel E., additional, Goldberg, Gregory I., additional, Gorbalenya, Alexander E., additional, Gordon, Stuart G., additional, Götz, Friedrich, additional, Gráf, László, additional, Granados, Robert R., additional, Granell, Antonio, additional, Graycar, Thomas P., additional, Green, Jonathan, additional, Greenspan, Daniel S., additional, Grubman, Marvin J., additional, Grunden, Amy M., additional, Guillemain, Bernard, additional, Guinand, Micheline, additional, Gutiérrez, José Maria, additional, Haeggström, Jesper Z., additional, Hageman, James H., additional, Hagmann, Marie-Luise, additional, Halfon, Sherin, additional, Hamilton, Andrew J., additional, Seon Han, Ji, additional, Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko, additional, Harada, Minoru, additional, Hartzell, William O., additional, Hay, Rod J., additional, Hayashi, Kiyoshi, additional, Hendriks, Dirk F., additional, Henrich, Bernhard, additional, Henriet, Patrick, additional, Hernández-Arana, Andrés, additional, Herrera-Camacho, Irma, additional, Heusipp, Gerhard, additional, Hicks, P.M., additional, Hillman, Bradley I., additional, Yukihiro Hiraoka, B., additional, Hiratake, Jun, additional, Ho, Heng-Chien, additional, Thi Hoa, Ngo, additional, Hochstrasser, Mark, additional, Hofmann, Theo, additional, Hohn, Thomas, additional, Hoidal, John R., additional, Holbrook, Joanna D., additional, Höltje, Joachim-Volker, additional, Homma, Koichi J., additional, Hook, Vivian Y.H., additional, Hooper, John D., additional, Hooper, Nigel M., additional, Hosoi, Kazuo, additional, Hospital, Véronique, additional, Howe, Christopher J., additional, Hruby, Dennis E., additional, Huang, H.-C., additional, Huber, Robert, additional, Hughes, Clare E., additional, Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma, additional, Ichishima, Eiji, additional, Ikehara, Yukio, additional, Imamura, Takahisa, additional, Inagaki, Noritoshi, additional, Inagami, Tadashi, additional, Isaac, R.E., additional, Isaya, Grazia, additional, Ishihara, Kohji, additional, Ishii, Shin-ichi, additional, Itoh, Yoshifumi, additional, Ito, Kiyoshi, additional, Ito, Koreaki, additional, Iwanaga, Sadaaki, additional, Jack, Ralph W., additional, Jackson, Mel C., additional, James, Michael N.G., additional, Jeffrey (Deceased), John, additional, Jiang, Ping, additional, Johnson, Gary D., additional, Johnson, John E., additional, Johnson, Michael, additional, Albert Johnston, Stephen, additional, Jones, Elizabeth W., additional, Jongbloed, Jan D.H., additional, Joshua-Tor, Leemor, additional, Joudiou, Carine, additional, Juliano, Luiz, additional, Jupp, Ray, additional, Kaminogawa, Shuichi, additional, Kamio, Yoshiyuki, additional, Kan, Chen-Chen, additional, Kaneda, Makoto, additional, Gyun Kang, Sung, additional, Kania, Mary, additional, Kanjanahaluethai, Amornrat, additional, Kawabata, Shun-ichiro, additional, Kay, John, additional, Keiler, Kenneth C., additional, Kelly, R.M., additional, Kerr, Michael A, additional, Kervinen, Jukka, additional, Kessler, Efrat, additional, Kidd, Simon, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Seop Kim, In, additional, Kimura, Yukio, additional, Kirisako, Takayoshi, additional, Kirschke, Heidrun, additional, Kishi, Tadaaki, additional, Kitamura, Naomi, additional, Kitazono, Ana A., additional, Kleanthous, Colin, additional, Klein, Jürgen R., additional, Kobayashi, Hideyuki, additional, Koelsch, Gerald, additional, Kok, Jan, additional, Kolattukudy, P.E., additional, Kolmar, Harald, additional, Komori, Yumiko, additional, Konvalinka, Jan, additional, Korhonen, Timo K., additional, Kortt, Alexander A., additional, Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, additional, Kress, Lawrence F., additional, Kubo, Takeaki, additional, Kukkonen, Maini, additional, Kumagai, Hidehiko, additional, Kumazaki, Takashi, additional, Kümmerer, Beate M., additional, Kuno, Kouji, additional, Kurachi, Kotoku, additional, Kurkinen, Markku, additional, Lähteenmäki, Kaarina, additional, Laing, Gavin D., additional, Lambkin, Imelda J., additional, Lamppa, Gayle K., additional, Lång, Hannu, additional, Langer, Thomas, additional, Laursen, Richard A., additional, Le Bonniec, Bernard F., additional, Luel Lee, Bok, additional, Joon Lee, Kye, additional, Young Lee, So, additional, Lee, Soohee, additional, Leis, Jonathan, additional, LeMosy, Ellen K., additional, Lepage, Thierry, additional, Leppla, Stephen H., additional, Lessard, Ivan A.D., additional, Lhomond, Guy, additional, Liao, Ta-Hsiu, additional, Lieber, Toby, additional, Lijnen, H.R., additional, Lima, Christopher D., additional, Lin, Chen-Yong, additional, Lin, Xinli, additional, Lindsay, L.L., additional, Lipscomb, William N., additional, Little, Christopher B., additional, Little, John W., additional, Lively, Mark O., additional, Lobel, Peter, additional, Peng Loh, Y., additional, Lohi, Jouko, additional, Lomonossoff, G.P., additional, Looze, Yvan, additional, López-García, Alma, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, Luo, Liu-Ying, additional, Lupas, Andrei, additional, MacKay, Vivian L., additional, Mains, Richard E., additional, Mäkinen, Kauko K., additional, Mäkinen, Pirkko-Liisa, additional, Mandelbaum, Fajga R., additional, Manning, James M., additional, Marcotrigiano, Joseph, additional, Markland, Francis S., additional, Maruyama, M., additional, Maruyama, Sususmu, additional, Masaki, Takeharu, additional, Mathew, Zacharia, additional, Matrisian, Lynn M., additional, Matsuda, Yoshihiro, additional, Matsuka, Yury V., additional, Matsushita, Osamu, additional, Matsuzawa, Hiroshi, additional, Maurizi, Michael R., additional, Mbikay, Majambu, additional, Ken McDonald, J., additional, McKerrow, James H., additional, McMillan, David, additional, Mecham, Robert P., additional, Mehta, Darshini P., additional, Meighan, Paul, additional, Mellors, Alan, additional, Melton, Roger G., additional, Ménard, Armelle, additional, Ménard, Robert, additional, Menéndez-Arias, Luis, additional, Meyer, Diane H., additional, Meyers, Gregor, additional, Michaelis, Susan, additional, Mielicki, Wojciech P., additional, Mierau, Igor, additional, Millán-Pérez-Peña, Lourdes, additional, Miller, Charles G., additional, Mills, John, additional, Mills, Kenneth V., additional, Mistou, Michel-Yves, additional, Misumi, Yoshio, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, additional, Mizutani, Shigehiko, additional, Mock, William L., additional, Möhrlen, Frank, additional, Moiré, Nathalie, additional, Monnet, Véronique, additional, Monod, Michel, additional, Montecucco, Cesare, additional, Morita, Takashi, additional, Morrissey, James H., additional, Mort, John S., additional, Mortensen, Uffe H., additional, Morty, Rory E., additional, Motoshima, Hidemasa, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Mundt, Egbert, additional, Murakami, Kazuo, additional, Murakami-Murofushi, Kimiko, additional, Murao, Sawao, additional, Murata, Christina, additional, Murphy, Gillian, additional, Muta, Tatsushi, additional, Mzhavia, Nino, additional, Nagase, Hideaki, additional, Naik, Rajesh R., additional, Nakajima, Nobuyoshi, additional, Nakamura, Hiroyuki, additional, Nakamura, Yukio, additional, Nasmyth, Kim, additional, Navarro-García, Fernando, additional, Netzel-Arnett, Sarah, additional, Nguyen-Distéche, Martine, additional, Nicholson, Donald, additional, Nikai, Toshiaki, additional, Nirasawa, Satoru, additional, Nishii, Wataru, additional, Nishiyama, Makoto, additional, Niven, Gordon W., additional, Nomura, Seiji, additional, Norioka, Shigemi, additional, North, Michael J., additional, Nuss, Donald L., additional, O′Connor, Michael B., additional, Oberst, Michael, additional, Oda, Kohei, additional, Odorico, Dimitri M., additional, Oetjen, Joyce, additional, Ogura, Teru, additional, Ohkubo, Iwao, additional, Ohlendorf, Douglas H., additional, Ohman, Dennis E., additional, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, additional, Okabe, Akinobu, additional, Okuda, K., additional, Olesen, Kjeld, additional, Oroszlan, Stephen, additional, Orth, Kim, additional, Ota, Nobuyuki, additional, Ovadia, Michael, additional, Overgaard, Michael T., additional, O-Wang, Jiyang, additional, Oxvig, Claus, additional, Packer, Jeremy C.L., additional, Paetzel, Mark, additional, Paine, Mark J.I., additional, Park, John E., additional, Woo Park, Pyong, additional, Soo Park, Sung, additional, Parkin, Kirk L., additional, Parks, William C., additional, Pascall, John C., additional, Paschos, Athanasios, additional, Paul, Sudhir, additional, Pearce, David A., additional, Pei, Duanqing, additional, Pemberton, Alan D., additional, Peters, Jan-Michael, additional, Phylip, Lowri H., additional, Pichová, Iva, additional, Pieper, Michael, additional, Piesse, Christophe, additional, Pike, Rob, additional, Pinck, Lothaire, additional, Pirzad, Ramin, additional, Pitot, Henry C., additional, Plaut, Andrew G., additional, Polgár, László, additional, Postina, Rolf, additional, Potempa, Jan, additional, Poulsen, Knud, additional, Pritchard, David G., additional, Pshezhetsky, Alexey V., additional, Abul Qasim, M., additional, Rader, Stephen D., additional, Rando, Robert R., additional, Rao, Mala, additional, Rao, Narayanam V., additional, Ratnoff, Oscar D., additional, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, Rawson, Robert B., additional, Reddy, Vijay, additional, Redman, Colvin M., additional, Reichl (Deceased), Antonia P., additional, Reid, Julian R., additional, Reid, Kenneth B.M., additional, Remaut, Han, additional, James Remington, S., additional, Rettig, Wolfgang J., additional, Rholam, Mohamed, additional, Rice, Charles M., additional, Richter, Stefan, additional, Riezman, Howard, additional, Ritchie, Alison, additional, Ro, Hyo-Sung, additional, Robert-Baudouy, Janine, additional, Michael Roberts, R., additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Adela, additional, Rogers, John C., additional, Rosenthal, Philip J., additional, Rose, A.M., additional, Rosing, J., additional, Rossetto, Ornella, additional, Rossi, Cesare, additional, Rossi, Véronique, additional, Roth, Richard A., additional, Rowan, Andrew D., additional, Rozanov, Mikhail, additional, Rucavado, Alexandra, additional, Rul, Françoise, additional, Rümenapf, Tillmann, additional, Ryan, Martin D., additional, Ryan, Thomas J., additional, Sacco, Elena, additional, Evan Sadler, J., additional, Saenger, W., additional, Sahl, Hans-Georg, additional, Sajid, Mohammed, additional, Sakiyama, Fumio, additional, Salas, María L., additional, Salter, Jason P., additional, Salvesen, Guy S., additional, Sanchez, Eladio F., additional, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy, additional, Sankaran, Krishnan, additional, Sarras, Michael P., additional, Sasagawa, Yoshikiyo, additional, Satoh, Kimiyuki, additional, Sauer, Robert T., additional, Sawada, Hitoshi, additional, Scarisbrick, I.A., additional, Schauer-Vukasinovic, Vesna, additional, Schlievert, Patrick M., additional, Schlösser, Manfred, additional, Schmidt, Amy E., additional, Schmidt, Brian F., additional, Schmidt, Walter K., additional, Schmitz, Udo K., additional, Schneemann, Anette, additional, Scholze, Henning, additional, Schomburg, Lutz, additional, Schwaeble, Wilhelm J., additional, Sedlacek, Radislav, additional, Seemüller, Erika, additional, Seidah, Nabil G., additional, Seiki, Motoharu, additional, Selistre de Araujo, Heloisa S., additional, Senior, Robert M., additional, Sik Seong, Ihn, additional, Serpe, Mihaela, additional, Serrano, Solange M.T., additional, Setlow, Peter, additional, Shanks, M., additional, Shao, Feng, additional, Shapiro, Steven D., additional, Shen, Lei, additional, Sherwood (Deceased), Roger F., additional, Shi, Yun-Bo, additional, Shimoi, Hitoshi, additional, Shinoda, Sumio, additional, Siigur, Ene, additional, Siigur, Jüri, additional, Sim, Robert B., additional, Simmer, James P., additional, Simmons, William H., additional, Sirakova, Tatiana D., additional, Skern, Tim, additional, Skidgel, Randal A., additional, Slack, Jeffrey, additional, Sleat, David E., additional, Smith, Janet L., additional, Smyth, Mark J., additional, Snijder, Eric J., additional, Söderhäll, Kenneth, additional, Sohar, Istvan, additional, Sorimachi, Hiroyuki, additional, Sottrup-Jensen, Lars, additional, Soubrier, Florent, additional, Soukhodolets, Karen E., additional, Springman, Eric B., additional, Geme, Joseph W. St., additional, Leger, Raymond J. 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Published
2004
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42. Introduction

Author

Barrett, Alan J., primary, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, and Woessner, J. Fred, additional

Published
2004
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48. A primitive enzyme for a primitive cell: the protease required for excystation of giardia

Author

Alvarado, Lilia, Engel, Juan C., Franklin, Christopher, McKerrow, James H., Rawlings, Neil D., and Ward, Wendy

Subjects
Gene amplification -- Research, Protozoa -- Genetic aspects, Protozoa, Pathogenic -- Development and progression, Proteases -- Research, Microbial mutation -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The effect of a specific cysteine enzyme protease inhibitor on excystation of Giardia was analyzed by incubation of Giardia muris fecal cysts with peptidyl fluoromethyl ketone morpholine-tyrosine (o-methyl)homophenylalanine fluoromethyl ketone (Mu-Tyr(Ome)-hPhe-FMK) at 7-100uM. Excystation was arrested by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64. However, the enzyme reportedly has no effect on trophozoite motility and replication. Furthermore, enzyme protease activity was localized in cytoplasmic vacuoles by using fluorescent microscopy.

Published
1997

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