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Children who use a manual wheelchair (WC) or a power WC may not receive adequate WC skills training. Clinicians report knowledge as a barrier to the provision of paediatric WC skills training. The purpose of this study was to explore the breadth and depth of specific factors clinicians consider when providing WC skills training for children. Data in this modified Think Aloud study were gathered via one-on-one, Zoom-based, audio-recorded Think Aloud Sessions. Sessions consisted of participants viewing four videos, each of different children performing a different WC skill while thinking aloud (verbally expressing) about the factors they recognized, observed, and considered while watching the video. After each video, participants also responded to questions regarding the specific WC skill and the provision of WC skills training for the child in the video. Factors participants reported were independently identified by three researchers through a deductive process of directed content analysis and categorized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) coding system. Twenty-eight English-speaking clinicians participated in the study. A total of 1246 distinct factors were mapped to 352 unique ICF codes spanning all four ICF Domains. The largest number of identified factors mapped to codes within the Activities and participation Domain (42.25%). Participants reported considering multiple factors across the ICF in the provision of WC skills training for children. Providing paediatric WC skills training is a complex activity requiring clinicians to consider a wide range of factors that go beyond a child's motor abilities. Providing paediatric wheelchair (WC) skills training is a complex activity requiring clinicians to consider a wide range of factors that go beyond a child's motor abilities. Clinicians should consider the child's Mental Functions, Activities and Participation, and Environmental Factors when providing wheelchair skills training for children. A lack of wheelchair-specific International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health codes was noted. Revising these codes to better capture the diverse range of the benefits and challenges involved in learning to use and using a wheelchair would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facilesynthetic pathway for preparing block copolymers withpH-responsive l-glutamic acid segments for membrane disruptionis reported. Aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chaintransfer (aRAFT) polymerization was first used toprepare biocompatible, nonimmunogenic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide].This macro chain transfer agent (CTA) was then converted into a macroinitiatorvia simultaneous aminolysis and thiol–ene Michael additionusing the primary amine substituted N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide.This macroinitiator was subsequently utilized in the ring-openingpolymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride monomerof γ-benzyl-l-glutamate. After deprotection, the pH-dependentcoil-to-helix transformations of the resulting HPMA-b-(l-Glu) copolymers were monitored via circular dichroismspectroscopy. HPMA segments confer water solubility and biocompatibilitywhile the l-glutamic acid repeats provide reversible coil-to-helixtransitions at endosomal pH values (∼5–6). The endolyticproperties of these novel [HPMA-b-(l-Glu)]copolymers and their potential as modular components in drug carrierconstructs was demonstrated utilizing red blood cell hemolysis andfluorescein release from POPC vesicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the synthesis of homo-, block, and clickable copolypeptide brushes from low surface area substrates using nickel-mediated surface-initiated polymerization of α-amino N-carboxyanhydrides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]