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1. Applied Metrology for the Assembly of the Nb3Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC AUP

Author

Ray, Katherine L, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Cheng, Daniel W, Ferracin, Paolo, Prestemon, Soren, and Solis, Michael J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Bioengineering, Accelerator magnets, geometrical measurements, high luminosity LHC, metrology, Nb3Sn magnets, ATAP-2023, ATAP-SMP, ATAP-GENERAL, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics, Electrical engineering, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

The US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) is building Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA, with plans to install 16 of them in the HL-LHC Interaction Regions. Variability in coil size must be dealt with at the assembly level, which requires timely and repeatable measurement of each coil. In this paper we will present the methodology used for coil measurements and the geometrical size data for the coils that have been measured thus far. We will also show the coil measurements of 8 coils before and after cold test. The Leica AT960-MR laser tracker with Spatial Analyzer software acquired to achieve these measurements has been used elsewhere in the project to great effect.

Published
2023

2. Challenges and Lessons Learned From Fabrication, Testing, and Analysis of Eight MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupole Magnets for HL-LHC

Author

Ambrosio, Giorgio, Amm, Kathleen, Anerella, Michael, Apollinari, Giorgio, Izquierdo, Gonzalo Arnau, Baldini, Maria, Ballarino, Amalia, Barth, Christian, Yahia, Anis Ben, Blowers, James, De Sousa, P Borges, Bossert, R, Bulat, Bartosz Wojciech, Carcagno, Ruben H, Cheng, Daniel W, Chlachidze, G, Cooley, Lance, Crouvizier, Mickael, Devred, Arnaud, DiMarco, Joseph, Feher, Sandor, Ferracin, Paolo, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Fajardo, Laura Garcia, Gourlay, S, Hocker, Henry M, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Joshi, Piyush, Krave, Steven T, Lee, Elizabeth Marie, Levitan, Jeremy W, Lombardo, Vito, Lu, Jun, Marchevsky, Maxim, Marinozzi, Vittorio, Moros, Alice, Muratore, Joseph F, Naus, Michael, Nobrega, Alfred, Page, T, Pong, Ian, Perez, JC, Prestemon, Soren, Ray, Katherine L, Sabbi, GianLuca, Schmalzle, Jesse, Seyl, J, Sgobba, Stefano, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Todesco, Ezio, Turrioni, Daniele, Vallone, Giorgio, Van Weelderen, R, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, Miao

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Accelerator magnets, HL-LHC, Nb3Sn, super-conducting magnets, ATAP-GENERAL, ATAP-SMP, ATAP-2023, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics, Electrical engineering, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low-beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC. This AUP effort is shared by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL, with strand verification tests at NHMFL. An important step of the AUP QA plan is the testing of MQXFA magnets in a vertical cryostat at BNL. The acceptance criteria that could be tested at BNL were all met by the first four production magnets (MQXFA03-MQXFA06). Subsequently, two magnets (MQXFA07 and MQXFA08) did not meet some of the criteria and were disassembled. Lessons learned during the disassembly of MQXFA07 caused a revision to the assembly specifications that were used for MQXFA10 and subsequent magnets. In this article, we present a summary of: 1) the fabrication and test data for all the MQXFA magnets; 2) the analysis of MQXFA07/A08 test results with characterization of the limiting mechanism; 3) the outcome of the investigation, including the lessons learned during MQXFA07 disassembly; and 4) the finite element analysis correlating observations with test performance.

Published
2023

3. MQXFA Final Design Report

Author

Ambrosio, Giorgio, Amm, Kathleen, Anerella, Mike, Apollinari, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Yahia, Anis Ben, Blowers, James, Carcagno, Ruben, Cheng, Daniel, Chlachidze, Guram, Cooley, Lance, Feher, Sandor, Ferracin, Paolo, Hocker, Henry, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Joshi, Piyush, Lombardo, Vito, Marinozzi, Vittorio, Muratore, Joseph, Naus, Michael, Nobrega, Fred, Pan, Heng, Parker, Marcellus, Pong, Ian, Prestemon, Soren, Ravaioli, Emmanuele, Ray, Katherine L., Sabbi, GianLuca, Schmalzle, Jesse, Todesco, Ezio, Turenne, Melanie, and Yu, Miao

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The MQXFA Quadrupole magnets will be installed in High Luminosity LHC to form the Q1 and Q3 inner triplet optical elements in front of the interaction points 1 (ATLAS) and 5 (CMS). A pair of MQXFA units is assembled in a stainless steel helium vessel, including the end domes, to make the Q1 Cold Mass or the Q3 Cold Mass. The US HL LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project* is responsible for the design, manufacturing and test of the Q1/Q3 Cold Masses and the complete MQXFA magnets. CERN provides the cryostat components and is responsible for integration and installation in HL LHC. The MQXFA quadrupoles have 150 mm aperture, 4.2 m magnetic length, nominal gradient of 132.2 T/m, and coil peak field of 11.3 T. They use Nb_3Sn conductor and a support structure made of segmented aluminum shells pre-loaded by using bladders and keys. This report presents the final design of the MQXFA quadrupole magnets. *Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, Comment: 120 pages

Published
2022

4. Spitzer Observations of M83 and the Hot Star, H II Region Connection

Author

Rubin, Robert H., Simpson, Janet P., Colgan, Sean W. J., Dufour, Reginald J., Ray, Katherine L., Erickson, Edwin F., Haas, Michael R., Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A., and Citron, Robert I.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have undertaken a program to observe emission lines of SIV 10.5, NeII 12.8, NeIII 15.6, & SIII 18.7 um in a number of extragalactic HII regions with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We report our results for the nearly face-on spiral galaxy M83. The nebulae selected cover a wide range of galactocentric radii (R_G). The observations were made with the Infrared Spectrograph in the short wavelength, high dispersion configuration. The above set of 4 lines is observed cospatially, thus permitting a reliable comparison of the fluxes. From the measured fluxes, we determine the ionic abundance ratios including Ne++/Ne+, S3+/S++, and S++/Ne+ and find that there is a correlation of increasingly higher ionization with larger R_G. By sampling the dominant ionization states of Ne and S for HII regions, Ne/S ~ (Ne+ + Ne++)/(S++ + S3+). Our findings of ratios that exceed the benchmark Orion value are more likely due to other effects than a true gradient in Ne/S. Both Ne and S are primary elements produced in alpha- chain reactions. It is expected that Ne/S remains relatively constant throughout a galaxy. This type of observation and method of analysis has the potential for accurate measurements of Ne/S, particularly for HII regions with lower metallicity & higher ionization than those here, such as those in M33. Our observations may also be used to test the predicted ionizing spectral energy distribution of various stellar atmosphere models. We compare the fractional ionization ratios / & / vs. / with predictions made from our photoionization models using several state-of-the-art stellar atmosphere model grids. A second paper using Spitzer observations of HII regions in the galaxy M33 will follow., Comment: Accepted MNRAS: 31 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Published
2007
Full Text
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5. Applied Metrology for the Assembly of the Nb3Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC AUP

Author

Ray, Katherine L., Ambrosio, Giorgio, Cheng, Daniel W., Ferracin, Paolo, Prestemon, Soren, and Solis, Michael J.

Abstract

The US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) is building Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA, with plans to install 16 of them in the HL-LHC Interaction Regions. Variability in coil size must be dealt with at the assembly level, which requires timely and repeatable measurement of each coil. In this paper we will present the methodology used for coil measurements and the geometrical size data for the coils that have been measured thus far. We will also show the coil measurements of 8 coils before and after cold test. The Leica AT960-MR laser tracker with Spatial Analyzer software acquired to achieve these measurements has been used elsewhere in the project to great effect.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

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