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1. The discursive positioning of the Falkland Islands (las Islas Malvinas): A corpus-based collocational analysis of British and Argentinian websites

Author

Ray Chung Hang Leung

Subjects
Corpus-assisted discourse studies, discursive positioning, Falkland Islands, Argentina and Britain, collocation, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

Considering "discursive positioning" to be a form of "placement," this study examines how the Falkland Islands or las Islas Malvinas, a place which has long been politically controversial, are discursively positioned on British and Argentinian websites. The data came from two reference corpora: namely the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) and the Corpus del Español: Web/Dialects. The 388-million-word British section of the former and the 183-million-word Argentinian section of the latter were selected for analysis. Attention was paid to the 20 most frequent collocates of "Falkland Islands"/"Islas Malvinas." Semantic prosody, collocation networks and word clusters were also investigated. It was found that the Falkland Islands are positioned differently in the two corpora. While the collocates of "Falkland Islands" in the British corpus (e.g., "government" and "population") position the Islands as a territory with "self-determination," the collocates of "Islas Malvinas" in the Argentinian corpus (e.g., "nuestras" [our (feminine plural)], "territorio" [territory] and "recuperación" [recovery], together with the 5-gram "las Islas Malvinas son argentinas" [the Falkland Islands are Argentinian]) subsume the Islands under the ownership of Argentina. Not only are the Falkland Islands "discursively positioned," Britain and Argentina are also subject to positioning. For instance, in the British corpus, Argentina is construed as an invader (as suggested by the collocates "invasion" and "1982") whereas in the Argentinian corpus, Britain is given this demonized role (via the collocates "militar" [military] and "británica" [British (feminine singular)]). Such findings add strength to van Dijk's (2011) discussion of "positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation." As an example of corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS), the current research also offers solid evidence on the social phenomenon of "classification" proposed by Bourdieu (1990)—i.e., "a vision of the world is a division of the world."

Published
2017
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2. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature

Author

Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wai-Sun Wong, Vincent, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wai-Sun Wong, Vincent, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, and Shira Zelber-Sagi

Abstract

The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in 4 online surveys and 2 hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms “nonalcoholic” and “fatty” were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, outside pure metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, termed metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD), was selected to describe those with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140–350 g/wk and 210–420 g/wk for females and males, respectively). The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmati

Published
2023

3. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature

Author

Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Newsome, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, and Vincent Wai-Sun, W

Subjects
steatotic liver disease, MASLD, alcohol, steatohepatiti, MetALD, NASH, nonalcoholic, Delphi, Fatty liver disease, NAFLD, cardiometabolic, nomenclature, mafld, type 2 diabetes, MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGIA
Abstract

Unlabelled: The principal limitations of the terms nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. Methods: A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. Consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in four online surveys and two hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83% and 78%, respectively. 74% of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms 'non-alcoholic' and 'fatty' were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic SLD. A new category, outside pure MASLD, termed MetALD was selected to describe those with MASLD who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140 to 350g/week and 210 to 420g/week for females and males respectively). Conclusions: The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported, non-stigmatising and can improve awareness and patient identification.

Published
2023

6. Theory of image formation using the Talbot effect

Author

Yih-Shyang Cheng and Ray-Chung Chang

Subjects
Diffraction -- Research, Images, Optical -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

The information inside each subcell of a two-dimensional periodic object is replicated throughout all the subcells of the unit cell at certain planes. An explicit expression describing the relative phase relationship among the replicated information is derived. From this expression, the wave amplitude at all the subcells caused by the interaction among the information coming from different subcells in the original object is obtained. A computer simulation of gray-level image synthesis using binary substructures and image differentiation is also given.

Published
1994

7. Python API Development Fundamentals : Develop a Full-stack Web Application with Python and Flask

Author

Jack Chan, Ray Chung, Jack Huang, Jack Chan, Ray Chung, and Jack Huang

Subjects
Python (Computer program language), Application program interfaces (Computer software), Web applications, Application software--Development
Abstract

Learn all that's needed to build a fully functional web application from scratch.Key FeaturesDelve deep into the principle behind RESTful APILearn how to build a scalable web application with the RESTful API architecture and Flask frameworkKnow what are the exact tools and methodology to test your applications and how to use themBook DescriptionPython is a flexible language that can be used for much more than just script development. By knowing the Python RESTful APIs work, you can build a powerful backend for web applications and mobile applications using Python.You'll take your first steps by building a simple API and learning how the frontend web interface can communicate with the backend. You'll also learn how to serialize and deserialize objects using the marshmallow library. Then, you'll learn how to authenticate and authorize users using Flask-JWT. You'll also learn how to enhance your APIs by adding useful features, such as email, image upload, searching, and pagination. You'll wrap up the whole book by deploying your APIs to the cloud.By the end of this book, you'll have the confidence and skill to leverage the power of RESTful APIs and Python to build efficient web applications.What you will learnUnderstand the concept of a RESTful APIBuild a RESTful API using Flask and the Flask-Restful extensionManipulate a database using Flask-SQLAlchemy and Flask-MigrateSend out plaintext and HTML format emails using the Mailgun APIImplement a pagination function using Flask-SQLAlchemyUse caching to improve API performance and efficiently obtain the latest informationDeploy an application to Heroku and test it using PostmanWho this book is forThis book is ideal for aspiring software developers who have a basic-to-intermediate knowledge of Python programming and who want to develop web applications using Python. Knowledge of how web applications work will be beneficial but is not essential.

Published
2019

8. Fuzzy Logic-Based Models of Transport Aircraft in Avoidance of Runway Excursion

Author

Ray chung Chang

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Computer science, Excursion, Touchdown, 02 engineering and technology, Rudder, Fuzzy logic, Nonlinear system, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Runway, Membership function, Simulation, Crosswind
Abstract

* Corresponding author Abstract—The flight dynamic equations in mathematics for aircraft response to the crosswind effects during the landing are highly non-linear partial differential equations. The main objective of this paper is to present fuzzy-logic modeling (FLM) technique to establish flight control models with the function of nonlinear dynamic inversion based on the datasets from the flight data recorder (FDR) for the purpose to solve the mathematical problems in engineering and safety problems in aviation community. A twin-jet transport with the runway excursion event due to crosswind effects during the landing will be the study case. The non-linear multi-dimensional numerical analysis technique to be used to analyze the causes of this flight event, emphasis to be placed on finding observable parameters for pilots to make appropriate actions are presented in this paper. and nonlinear interpolation capability in predicting the degradation in stability and control characteristics (2), it can't provide the improved control strategy in avoidance of runway excursion. In avoidance of runway excursion event due to crosswind effects, this paper presents FLM technique to establish flight control models with the function of nonlinear dynamic inversion based on the datasets from the flight data recorder (FDR). A runway excursion event due to crosswind effects during the landing for a twin-jet transport is a specific example in the present paper. Before touchdown, it appeared that the flight was normal without having excursion possibility. Excursion may occur in crosswind effects if the rudder control is not appropriately applied. Appropriate application of rudder control will be demonstrated in the present II. FLIGHT CONTROL MODEL

Published
2016

9. Flying Qualities for a Twin-Jet Transport in Severe Atmospheric Turbulence

Author

Cun-En Ye, Michael Guan, C. Edward Lan, and Ray Chung Chang

Subjects
Engineering, Lift coefficient, business.product_category, Computer simulation, Meteorology, business.industry, Aerospace Engineering, Flying qualities, Thrust, Aerodynamics, Flight simulator, Airplane, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Aerospace engineering, business, Transonic
Abstract

Atmospheric turbulence is the leading cause of serious personal injuries in nonfatal accidents of commercial aircraft. One main type of motion that causes flight injuries in atmospheric turbulence is the sudden plunging motion with an abrupt change in altitude. To assess the possibility of designing a control system to mitigate such plunging motion, the dynamic stability characteristics must be known. The main objective of the present paper is to evaluate the dynamic stability characteristics and, more generally, the flying qualities of a twin-jet transport aircraft encountering severe atmospheric turbulence through digital six-degree-of-freedom flight simulations in transonic flight. The fuzzy-logic thrust model and unsteady aerodynamic models are used to estimate the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics while performing numerical integration of flight dynamic equations. The flying qualities are based on the instantaneous eigenvalues of all flight modes obtained during time integration. It is shown that the real part of eigenvalues for the plunging mode (i.e., damping characteristics) is largely positive and can be used as a key parameter in describing the flying qualities in plunging.

Published
2009

12. Image formation for two-dimensional periodic object using Talbot effect

Author

Ray-Chung Chang and Yih-Shyang Cheng

Subjects
Physics, Image formation, business.industry, Object (computer science), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Set (abstract data type), Superposition principle, Amplitude, Optics, Talbot effect, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Unit (ring theory), Subdivision
Abstract

The conditions under which the information inside each subcell of a two-dimensional (2D) object, periodic in orthogonal directions, is replicated throughout all the subcells of the unit cell are obtained. Relative-phase relationship among all the subcells depends only on the number of subdivision but not the length-to-width ratio of the unit cell. From this relationship, the wave amplitude at all the subcells is calculated by superposition of the information from all the subcells in the orginal object. A 2D object periodic in nonorthogonal directions can be decomposed as a set of laterally shifted 2D objects which are periodic in orthogonal directions. Hence, the image formation problem for nonorthogonally periodic object can be solved directly from the superposition of results for the laterally shifted, orthogonally periodic ones.

Published
1995

13. A systematic design of protocol processors

Author

Yi-Shing Chen, Kuei-Ann Wen, An-Yi Chen, and Ray-Chung Chung

Subjects
Internet protocol suite, business.industry, computer.internet_protocol, Computer science, Embedded system, Mobile station, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Internetwork protocol, Wireless, business, computer, Protocol (object-oriented programming)
Abstract

An innovative design methodology is proposed for protocol processors design. The protocol description is mapped to statecharts and statecharts are then mapped to a real-time operating system as well as microprocessors. The IS-54 protocol for cellular wireless communication mobile station is taken as the design example. An efficient and easy-for-evaluation design environment is then constructed.

Published
2002

14. Investigation of dynamic ground effect

Author

Chang, Ray Chung and Muirhead, Vincent U

Subjects
Aerodynamics
Abstract

An experimental investigation of dynamic ground effect was conducted in the Univ. of Kansas wind tunnel using delta wings of 60, 70, 75 deg sweep; the XB-70 wing; and the F-104A wing. Both static and dynamic tests were made. Test data were compared to other test data, including dynamic flight test data of the XB-70 and F-104A. Limited flow visualization test were conducted. A significant dynamic effect was found for highly swept delta wings.

Published
1987

17. Theory of image formation using the Talbot effect

Author

Ray-Chung Chang and Yih-Shyang Cheng

Subjects
Physics, Image formation, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Binary number, Image processing, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Expression (mathematics), Image (mathematics), Light intensity, Amplitude, Optics, Talbot effect, Business and International Management, business
Abstract

The information inside each subcell of a two-dimensional periodic object is replicated throughout all the subcells of the unit cell at certain planes. An explicit expression describing the relative phase relationship among the replicated information is derived. From this expression, the wave amplitude at all the subcells caused by the interaction among the information coming from different subcells in the original object is obtained. A computer simulation of gray-level image synthesis using binary substructures and image differentiation is also given.

Published
1994

18. Effect of sink rate on ground effect of low-aspect-ratio wings

Author

Vincent U. Muirhead and Ray Chung Chang

Subjects
Flow visualization, Ground effect (aerodynamics), symbols.namesake, Lift coefficient, Wing, Delta wing, symbols, Aerospace Engineering, Reynolds number, Mechanics, Geology, Test data, Wind tunnel
Abstract

An experimental investigation of dynamic ground effect has been conducted in the University of Kansas wind tunnel using delta wings of 60-, 70-, and 75-deg sweep, the XB-70 wing, and the F-104A wing. Both static and dynamic tests were made at a Reynolds number of 700,000. The investigation was restricted to conditions of constant sink rate (or flight path angle) and angle at attack. Test data have been compared to other test data, including dynamic flight test data of the XB-70 and F-104A. Limited flow visualization tests have been conducted. A significant dynamic effect was found for highly swept delta wings.

Published
1987

19. Vibration of circular saws containing slots

Author

Ray-Chung Yu and C. D. Mote

Subjects
Physics, Acoustics, media_common.quotation_subject, Rotational symmetry, Forestry, Asymmetry, Instability, Vibration, Normal mode, General Materials Science, Physics::Chemical Physics, Excitation, Parametric statistics, media_common, Circular saw
Abstract

The natural modes of transverse vibration of circular saws containing radial slots are analyzed in this paper. Incision of equally-spaced asymmetry, equally sized, radial slots at the rim of a saw creates in some, but surprisingly not all, of the vibration modes of the circular saw. It causes the repeated natural frequencies in these asymmetric modes to split into two distinct values. These vibration modes are called the split modes. The vibration modes associated with the repeated natural frequencies, typical of the axisymmetric saw plate, are called the repeated modes. A relationship predicting which vibration modes are split and which are repeated for any configuration of slots on the saw is presented in this paper. Further, it is shown that parametric, transverse vibration instability can be excited in the split modes of the slotted saw by the saw guides and the workpiece. These parametric vibrations can not be excited in the repeated modes. The theoretical predictions of split and repeated vibration modes and the excitation of parametric instability are confirmed by experiments.

Published
1987

20. Python API Development Fundamentals

Author

Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, Jack Chan, Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, and Jack Chan

Abstract

developers who love coding and constantly following the newest technology.

21. Python API Development Fundamentals

Author

Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, Jack Chan, Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, and Jack Chan

Abstract

developers who love coding and constantly following the newest technology.

22. Python API Development Fundamentals

Author

Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, Jack Chan, Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, and Jack Chan

Abstract

developers who love coding and constantly following the newest technology.

23. Python API Development Fundamentals

Author

Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, Jack Chan, Jack Chan, Ray Chung Jack Huang, and Jack Chan

Abstract

developers who love coding and constantly following the newest technology.

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